Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing

This document discusses the application of knowledge and academic writing in relation to the healthcare disparity between Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous Australians. It explores the reasons for inequity, the impact of health interventions on reducing inequity, and how cultural knowledge and sensitivity affect access to primary healthcare services. The document provides examples and evidence from various sources to support the discussions.

Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing 1
APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND ACADEMIC WRITING
By (Student’s Name)
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Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing 2
Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing
Question 1 - 30%.
Discusses two different reasons for inequity specific to the identified health issue. Discussion is
relevant, clear, concise and specific to the issue. Evidence from a variety of sources is
incorporated effectively
(Discuss two different reasons for inequity between Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous
Australians in relation to your identified health issue).
According to the health statistics in Australia, the indigenous Australians have got the
worst experience in regards to health compared to the non-indigenous Australians. Most of them
suffer from the cardiovascular disease such as diabetes that forms a major health issue in the
society. The indigenous Australian people are discriminated against by the non-indigenous
people because of their color. They are denied many things such as access to free health,
education, other social amenities and several other necessary services for survival. Based on that,
there is, therefore, a disparity existing between the indigenous Australians and the non-
indigenous people in relation to health issues (Foreman et al.2017 p.1750). There are several
reasons attributed to such an inequity. The critical health issue identified is life expectancy.
According to the recent report, there is a gap existing between the indigenous Australians and the
non-indigenous people in regards to a life expectancy that is attributed to a variety of factors as
indicated below.
One of the principal reason for the inequality in health status is systematic discrimination.
Historically, the indigenous people were denied the opportunity to become healthy the same as
the non-indigenous individuals. The primary reason for the lack of opportunity occurred as a
result of inaccessibility of the mainstream services as well as lowering of access to health

Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing 3
services such as the insufficient provision of health infrastructure and primary healthcare in the
Aboriginal societies (Azzopardi et al.2017, p.780). Another reason contributing to the health
inequity is the poor access to effective and timely health services that generally results in the
health gap.
According to the indigenous people, leading reasons for the poor access to healthcare
services include, unavailability of care at the requested time, inappropriate cultural services, non-
affordable services, absence of the services in the regions and issues relating to the distance and
transport (Paradies, 2016, p.90). A crucial factor that also contributes to the inability of an
individual to access health services is social determinants. Insufficient formal education, for
example, can limit an individual's ability to navigate through the health system as well as the
comprehension of their own health needs. The cost incurred in access to health services is the
other barrier towards access to health services by the Indigenous Australians.
The third factor for the health disparity between the indigenous Australians and the non-
indigenous Australians is due to the low levels of income among the people of Aboriginal. With
a low level of income, people tend to be discouraged from paying for medical costs as well as
seek medical care (Armstrong et al., 2017, p.1240). Statistic indicates that the indigenous
Australians are the lowest income earners; hence they could not visit a doctor within two weeks.
Additionally, the same case was displayed in regards to factors such as education, housing
tenure, and labor force status. Conclusively, the main reasons for the health disparity between the
indigenous Australians and non-indigenous Australians include low income, poor access to
health services and cultural barriers among others.

Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing 4
Question 2 - 35%
Explains the impact of 1 health intervention on reducing inequity for Indigenous Australians. An
explanation is relevant, clear, concise and specific to the health issue. Clear links are made to the
UTS Indigenous graduate attribute. Evidence from a variety of sources is incorporated
effectively.
(Provide one example of a Primary Health Care intervention that is addressing the identified
health issue for Indigenous Australians with the intention of closing the gap. Explain the impact
this intervention is having on reducing inequity).
The central primary healthcare intervention that can be used to reduce the healthcare
disparity between the indigenous Australians and the non-indigenous people is done through
cultural education. Training programs and cultural education often work better with various
clients of indigenous people, especially in the education and health sectors. With this healthcare
intervention, a culturally safe health service environments, personal and institutional
commitment is needed (Musto, Rodney, and Vanderheide, 2015, p.110). The whole community
is taken to attend a session that would help create a culturally safe practice that aims to enhance
the indigenous health of the people of Australia. During the provision of cultural health
education, the white privilege is made visible in the health discourse as well as delivering the
power differentials that do exist in its invisibility.

Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing 5
Primary Healthcare Intervention Used to Reduce the Gap between Indigenous Australians and
Non-indigenous People
Health System Intervention
According to Hawe (2015, p.310), the health system intervention entails a number of
procedures aimed at reducing the disparity in regards to health that exist between the indigenous
Australians and non-indigenous people. One of the procedures involves the transfer of planning
and buying of responsibility to development, local boards as well as the conveyance of clinical
guidelines. Such obligations should be supported by audit, feedback, recall and reminder systems
as well as electronic registers.
The key outcome of the mentioned procedure above is enhanced medical management of
diabetes in primary healthcare to raise the standard of the consequences of care. The other
procedure entails the assessment of the level of improvement in the Townsville Aboriginal that
mainly targets the women that attend the cultural education, and this is based on the records of
patients (Richards and Hallberg, 2015, p.10). The key outcomes of the above mentioned
procedure are the patterns of antenatal screening that contributes to perinatal outcomes. The last
procedure relating to the above mentioned healthcare intervention is to provide a report on the
number of healthcare indicators and measures by taking into account the HIS interventions and
innovations. The key outcome of such a procedure is an increase in life expectancy as well as the
infant mortality rate. Other consequences include a screening of cancer, reduction in exposure to
cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes that is the major infection affecting the indigenous
Australians, the risk factors as well as intermediate diabetes indicators.
Impact of Health System Intervention

Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing 6
The critical effect of the health system intervention in relation to the gap existing between
the indigenous Australians and the non-indigenous Australians is improved access to healthcare
among the people (Agarwal et al.2016, p.1174). Studies indicate that such an intervention
technique has shaped up the healthcare system of Australia by equally offering easy and quick
access to healthcare by everyone irrespective of color and race. Diseases such as the
cardiovascular infections that forms the main ailment that affects the indigenous Australian have
been reduced by the mentioned health intervention technique.
Question 3 - 35%
Discusses how cultural knowledge and sensitivity in health care may affect access to Primary
Health Care services specific to the chosen health issue. Discussion is relevant, clear, and
concise. Evidence from a variety of sources is incorporated effectively. Writing demonstrates
inclusive and culturally appropriate language at all times.
(Discuss how cultural knowledge and sensitivity in health care may affect access to Primary
Health Care services. Provide one example based on your chosen health issue).
Cultural sensitivity and knowledge refer to skills that allow people to comprehend and
learn about others with different cultural diversity. Thus, such skills enable individuals to
become better in providing services to other people within their society. The accessibility and
availability of healthcare require cultural support, and not just an efficient, strong and well
managed health system (Jernigan et al. 2016 p.150). Cultural sensitivity and knowledge is an
important aspect that helps ensure quick access to primary healthcare services. The primary aim
of cultural sensitivity and knowledge in relation to access to primary healthcare services is to
enhance awareness, skills, and knowledge of health workers to enable them to administer
cultural factors in regards to health service interventions (Govere and Govere, 2016 p.405).

Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing 7
With cultural knowledge, it becomes easier for indigenous people to know how to
quickly access primary healthcare services in various healthcare facilities in the country.
Therefore, the cardiovascular infections such as heart diseases ,high blood pressure and diabetes
are reduced among the people, and this tends to minimize the degree of health disparity among
the two set of individuals in Australia. Several benefits are attributed to cultural sensitivity and
knowledge in relation to primary healthcare service access (Choi, Blumberg and Williams, 2016,
p.365). One of the crucial benefits is that there will be an increasing diversity among the people
that are at the risk of developing chronic conditions. With the rise in diversity among people
exposed to the risk of chronic illness, much focus of the focus will be shifted to the cultural as
well as linguistic barriers in regards to care.
The other benefit of cultural sensitivity in regards to access to primary healthcare is that it
enables a variety of patients to become comfortable, thus trust and respect the clinicians in the
process of accessing primary healthcare (Alizadeh and Chavan, 2016, p. 125). The key outcome
will thereby be significant compliance with an improved health outcome as well as treatment.
Cultural sensitivity will also help in the minimization of some of the cardiovascular disease such
as diabetes, since it enables the people to become aware of the causes, effects and treatment
methods of the infections. Conclusively, cultural sensitivity helps in the development of trust
between the patients and clinicians; thus there is quick access to primary healthcare.
Conclusion
Based on the discussion above, the indigenous Australians have got the worst experience
in regards to health compared to the non-indigenous Australians. Various factors contribute to
the healthcare gap existing between the two societies. The major factors include low-income gap,
systematic discrimination, insufficient formal education, the time and distance as well as poor

Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing 8
access to health services among others. To reduce the gap, various healthcare interventions can
be used; however, the primary intervention used is the healthcare system intervention that entails
a variety of procedures such as provision a report on the number of healthcare indicators and
measures among others. Finally, cultural sensitivity and knowledge is a critical aspect that
facilitates quick access to primary healthcare services; thus it should be taken into consideration.
References
Agarwal, S., LeFevre, A.E., Lee, J., L’Engle, K., Mehl, G., Sinha, C. and Labrique, A., 2016.
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Alizadeh, S. and Chavan, M., 2016. Cultural competence dimensions and outcomes: a systematic
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Armstrong, G., Pirkis, J., Arabena, K., Currier, D., Spittal, M.J. and Jorm, A.F., 2017. Suicidal
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Azzopardi, P.S., Sawyer, S.M., Carlin, J.B., Degenhardt, L., Brown, N., Brown, A.D. and Patton,
G.C., 2018. Health and wellbeing of Indigenous adolescents in Australia: a systematic synthesis
of population data. The Lancet, 391(10122), pp.766-782.

Application of Knowledge and Academic Writing 9
Choi, B.Y., Blumberg, C. and Williams, K., 2016. Mobile integrated health care and community
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