Applied Research: Legal and Ethical Data Handling Requirements

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the legal and ethical considerations related to data handling in applied research. It begins by outlining the research communication process and its importance in effectively translating complex findings to both expert and non-expert audiences. The report then details four key communication methods used in applied research: quantitative, qualitative, rhetorical, and mixed methodology. It also examines three main data collection methods—interviews, questionnaires/surveys, and observations—and discusses different data analysis techniques, including qualitative, quantitative, and diagnostic analysis. Furthermore, the report emphasizes the legal requirements for data handling and storage, including maintaining data reliability, ensuring privacy, and complying with relevant Australian laws like the Privacy Act 1988. It also addresses the importance of adhering to cultural and social norms when conducting research with specific populations and the legal requirements related to freedom of information. Finally, the report outlines the key steps in the applied research process, from topic identification to proper citation, and discusses effective presentation techniques for communicating research findings to target audiences.

3 Initiate and lead
applied research
Assessment Task 01

Table of Contents
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REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

1.
The research communication process tend to reflect and provide a process that is used by
the researcher for effectively interpreting as well as translating the complex findings of the
research within a language and format and the context that is can be easily understand by the
experts as well as the non-expert parties. Further, the key step and stages of effective
communication process tend to include and comprises of the effective gathering of the data and
information along with leading the encoding and better use and selection of the medium of
transmission (Rojas, Watkins-Fassler and Rodríguez-Ariza, 2022). Further, the other vital step of
the communication process tends to includes and comprises of the effective decoding of the
message in such a manner that it would be understandable by all along with having proper
feedback. It has been also seen and sobered that communication process is vital and important
with the applied research as it support relevant steps to encourage and ensure effective
transmission of the key ideas and discoveries of the applied research along with ensuring that all
the key findings must be effectively and properly understand by all individuals.
2.
The four key and main communication methods that are tend to be consider using in relation
to applied research are listed and described as below:
 Quantitative Research- this form of communication in research is tend to be based on
Quantitative research that tend to seeks to establish knowledge through the use of
numbers and measurement. Within the overarching area of quantitative research, there
are a variety of different methodologies out of which the most commonly used
methodologies are experiments, surveys, content analysis, and meta-analysis. Thus, under
the quantitative research method of communication transmission and presentation of facts
is made in numeric terms that ensure better understanding and communication of key
findings (Doorn and et. al., 2022).
 Qualitative Research- this form of research communication tend to includes and
comprises of the qualitative research under which the researcher is interested in exploring
subjects’ perceptions and understandings as they relate to communication. Further, the
Qualitative researchers employ a variety of different methodologies some of the most
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popular are interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. Thus, the qualitative
nature of communication tend to be theoretical and in-depth in nature.
 Rhetorical Research- it tend to be comprises of the rhetorical research based
communication in which the exchange of data is made in a form of textual analysis
wherein the researcher systematically analyses, interprets, and critiques the persuasive
power of messages within a text. Further, the key steps includes within the rhetorical
research includes of the selecting a text, choosing a rhetorical method, analyzing the text,
and writing the criticism (De Gelder and et. al., 2022).
 Mixed Methodology- under this form of research communication the researcher tend to
have a mixed methods approach results in a research study that uses two or more
techniques discussed above. Often, researchers will pair two methods together in the
same study examining the same phenomenon
3.
The three main set of the data collection are provided and discussed as below:
 Interviews- this form of data collection method tends to include and comprise of the
having of the two-way communication between the researcher and selected participants
that includes manual recording of collection of data. Thus, it forms out the most complex
and time consuming way of collecting data in manual form that present qualitative set of
information that is takes more time in analysing and presenting.
 Questionnaires and surveys- it intend to makes out effective way of data collection based
on application of quantitative nature of research that includes use of the technology such
as e-mails or other digital network to transform and send the written document that
comprises of set of questions that is known as questionnaire. Survey and questionnaire
tend to make use of technology to ensure and lead effective collection of data through
making use of technology thus supports cost and time efficient way of gathering
information from a larger number of participants (Renfro and et. al., 2022).
 Observations- this method of data collecting tend to comprises of the use of the
technology services which tend to comprises of the way to gather data by watching
people, events, or noting physical characteristics in their natural setting.
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4.
 Qualitative analysis- it tend to forms out the manual method of data analysis that include
making use of the thematic apprch for ensuring analysis and review of theoretical and in-
depth set of information. The use of qualitative analysis apprch comprises of presenting
the similar meaning context and data under one theme that depict and present the key
findings and summarisation of complex theoretical data.
 Quantitative analysis- it forms out the use of some technical way of analysing and
reviewing of data set that comprises use of statistical charts and tool for better
presentation and review of the information (Bauer and et. al., 2022).
 Diagnostic analysis- The diagnostic analysis is a special type of analytical technique
using which the data is interpreted and analysed properly about the relationship between
two or more variable based on use of some regression or other form of technique
5.
It has been seen and evaluated that many legal requirements are tend to be meat while data
handling and strong that comprises of the fact that researcher must need to maintain the
systematic and reliability of facts along with maintaining its privacy and safety level. It has been
seen that research might tend to involves and collect health information at that time making use
and disclosing of the health information should not be made without obtaining and having proper
and proper consent. Along with this, it is also vital and mandatory required to meet and follow
all the set regulation lead by and required by or under an Australian law as given un the Privacy
Act 1988, (Privacy Act). Along with this, maintaining the handling and storing data in
accordance with rules established by competent health or medical bodies is also legal required
and vital. Beside this, following the provision and guidelines issued by the National Health and
Medical Research Council is also legal vault and should have the approved by the Information
Commissioner under s 95A of the Privacy Act (Brem, Bilgram and Gutstein, 2022).
6.
It has been seen that there are many legal requirements that tend to be followed by a
researcher while conducting a research that comprises of main the set protocol and narrative
about the proposed subject of the population. It is vital and eventual that the researcher must
meet and follow the cultural and social norms of the proposed and target subsect population
while conducting a researcher follow and meet the provision legal requirement of the data.
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Further, focusing in the age of the proposed subject population is also tend to be essential and
vital while leading an investigation as it helps in maintain the legal requirement of the privacy of
data (Yu and et. al., 2022). Further, it is also vital to have and makes use of the acceptable
method of data collection and analsysed to ensure and maintain the privacy of the data through
allying and making use of the advertisements, notices, and/or media. Further, it is also vital and
essential to send an introduction letter to the colleagues along with having proper and eligible
consent from all interested individuals to ensure and effectively maintain the legal requirements
of the privacy of the data while undertaking a research.
7.
The freedom of information tends to implies and associated with the process of the
contacting and implicating the key people and instigation to ensure sufficient access to the
information invited to obtain data by the way of achieving and having formal permission.
Further, it has been seen and analysed that the legal requirement of the application of the
freedom of the information while undertaking a research tend to base on the Freedom of
Information Act 1982 (the FOI Act) that plays a vital and effective role in providing and meeting
the legal requirements associated with the freedom of the information through limiting any
person with the right to access documents held by Commonwealth agencies, including NHMRC
is limited where documents, or parts of documents, are exempt. Further, it is also vital and
essentially required for the researcher to request for having the access to the document taht are
being held by the Australian government and ministry including personal information, policy
making document and other vital administrative decision making. Along with this, as per the
legal requirement given by the apply to freedom of information when conducting research
comprises of the fact that access is not allowed and denied for the document held under exempt
under the FOI Act along with conditionally exempt and accessible to the public under other
arrangements for a fee which consists of effects of national security and federal cabinet
(Khodadadi and Sheikholeslami, 2022).
8.
The key steps and stages that are being applied research process that may be referred to in
policies, procedures and guidelines relating to applied research
 Step 1: Identify and develop your topic- it forms out and comprises of the first step
comprises of the Selecting a topic can be the most challenging part of a research project.
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Thus, the first step of undertaking and setting applied research complies of identifying
and selecting a suitable topic that reflects and set out a research problem that tend to
provide direction for further study.
 Step 2: Do a preliminary search for information- the next step of conducting research
comprises of having a primary investigation and search of information based on topic.
 Step 3: Locate materials- the next step of undertaking investigation comprising of
properly locating the material that would tend to be used within the research company
and reflects about the material used within the research.
 Step 4: Evaluate sources- this step comprises of the evaluating the reliability and
authentic level of the selected sources based on having proper name of author along with
suitable copyright for making there use (Karami and et. al., 2022).
 Step 5: Make notes- once the authentic set of the sources are selected that next step is to
make notes of the key points of the findings.
 Step 6: Write paper- once the key points and notes are analysed the next step tend to
includes of the staring with the writing of the paper.
 Step 7: Cite your sources properly- it is essential and vital research step to properly site
and have in testing of the all the used resources to ensure the authentic and reliability of
the facts presented within the work.
9.
the selection and making use of the presentation techniques tend to associated and reflects
about the effectiveness of the research as it is the one that leads to the better transformation and
movement of the data and key findings to the target audience and participants. The main method
and techniques of presentation that could be used research within an allied research are presented
and discussed as below:
 Making use of visual ads- it forms out a vital and most effective presentation where
information and key findings are communicated with the some visual aids, such as a
PowerPoint along with making use of some Prezi, poster or handout that help in
capturing the audience's attention (Marblestone and et. al., 2022).
 Graphical presentation- making use of graphs such as pie charts, bar charts, frequency
table also supports and brings out an effective way to present and communicate the key
findings of research with interest scholars that lead to better understanding level.
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 Thematic presentation- it comprise of presentation of quantitative set of information in
form of themes that is suitable to show case and communicate theoretical data in textual
manner of presentation.
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The two ways of reporting on research tend to comprises and includes of the use of the
publication reporting that is based on writing form of sharing data and information while the
other way of reporting also comprises of the graphical reporting.
Publication/ written reporting- The publication of the way of the reporting is tend to based
and comprises of the written publication and presentation of the key findings of the research in
form of the research paper and article. Beside this, the publication way of reporting of the
research also comprises the presenting of the key findings of the report to the management along
with show casing the key aspects in detailed form to show the results in a readable and
information manner that tend to supports and brings to better decision making (Czarnecki, 2021).
Graphical reporting- The another way of presenting and reporting the key findings of
research is based on the making use of the graphs and tables to transform and communicate
findings in improved and better manner. Apart from this, the graphical reporting supports a better
personation of findings and also lead to effective decision making based on better analysis of
facts in tables and chart format.
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The concept of the research ethics is tending to form a vital part of every investigation
which is associated and related with the marinating the authentic and reliability of the collected
data. Further, the topic of the research ethics is associated and related with the ensuring of the
having of the people intellectual property rights along with proper copyrights that tend to present
and reflect the authenticity of the data (Märtson, and Alffenaar, 2021). Apart from this, the
research ethics are also related with the maintaining of the confidentiality of the data along with
supporting the privacy of the selected facts. Thus, for that purpose making use of the data
protection act and other laws set out a vital and suitable way to maintain and meet the research
ethics related with confidentiality of facts. Apart from this, having a well informed and follow
consent of the participants is also tending to make a vital most crucial part of the research
investigation that ensures the fact that all participant are well informed. Further, ensuring the
safety of participants from all means of leakage and miss use of data is also the ethical
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responsibility of the researcher for which implication and use of the BERA code of ethics has
been made (Zhou and et. al., 2022).
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The key principles of the responsible research tend to comprises and includes of the
Managing and investigating potential breaches of the Australian Code for the Responsible
Conduct of Research Authorship, Management of data and information in research, Peer review,
Disclosure of interests and management of conflicts of interest, Supervision, Collaborative
research and Publication and dissemination of research. It has been evaluated that ensuring and
meeting all the potential responsibility related with the collection of authenticity data is the key
responsibility of researcher along with ensuring proper peer review as well as the disclosure and
mitigation of all conflict of interest. Beside this, having a proper publication of facts while
keeping in mind the privacy and confidentiality of facts is also required and need to be follow as
key principle of responsible research (Dang and et. al., 2021).
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The three tools of the applied research are provided and discussed as below along with
their application during the research:
 Google scholar- it tend to be an online research tool that is offered in a free by the google
and supports an effective way to collect and analysis data through supporting suitable
academic search engine. The use of google scholar is made in applied research as it
allows easy search of all academic literature article, journals and white papers to have
access to authentic dataset which increases the chances of the finding relevant data for the
research work (Wang and et. al., 2021).
 Trello- it tend to be one of the most productive apps that is tailored to meet the suitability
of corporate landscape. Further, the use of Trello tool is vital and suitable in applied
research as it tend to add useful dynamic usual aids and running of content ideas that can
be easily moved to effective project screen of research as needed.
 Mendeley- this tool is tend to use in scientific research that tend to allow the chat and
collaborative reach to data through managing references and allows import papers from
other research tools that is used to have accurate citation and incorporate authentic
information in research.
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14.
Three examples of applied research method that are used for data collection are provided as
below:
 Interview- this method of research comprises of having of the face to face conservation
between two or more individuals with the purpose of collecting information. Thus, the
use of interview method tend to provide and support the in-depth and delated information
(Chen and et. al., 2021).
 Questionnaire- it tend to includes and comprise of the process of collecting data through
by the way of making use of an instrument that is containing a series of the questions
along with prompting and receiving a suitable response from the individuals. Further use
of questionnaire is made in survey strategy that supports numeric facts and better
presentation of facts.
 Website articles- it tend to a vital and effective method of collecting and analysing
secondary form of information that supports a quicker and less expensive method of
research.
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