Apply legal & Ethical Parameters to Nursing Practice : Assignment

Apply Legal And Ethical
Parameters
To Nursing Practice

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
1. Define legal and regulatory Acts or guidelines that impacts nursing practices including
relevant penalties.........................................................................................................................4
2. Implementation of domains, principles and values that are established by Nursing and
Midwifery board of Australia......................................................................................................5
3.a) Response to complaint made by the resident.......................................................................5
b) Legal obligation of the case....................................................................................................5
c) Person to be notified in the first instance................................................................................6
d) Way of notifying or report this person....................................................................................6
e) Requirement of maintaining patient's privacy and confidentiality while reporting the
incident........................................................................................................................................6
4. Describe given laws in nursing practices and potential consequences of breaching them.....6
5.a) Shelly's duty of care and relevant breach.............................................................................7
b) Legal requirements of using restraint.....................................................................................7
c) Person responsible for vicariously negligence regarding fall of patient.................................7
6. Progress notes of the patient...................................................................................................7
7.a) Determine the concept of ethics in context of selected patient and his family....................8
b) Things to be considered while communication with patient and family................................8
c) Ethical issue and potential ethical dilemmas take place.........................................................8
d) Determine ethical problems and way to manage them...........................................................8
e) Way of supporting patient in their decision and wish to live..................................................8
f) ''Not for resuscitation'' order....................................................................................................8
8. Describe the problem and how & why it may cause of moral or ethical dilemma for staff...9
9. a) Principles and processes of open disclosure of the scenario...............................................9
b) Roles of another professionals in open disclosure................................................................10
10. Latest version of Acts, standards and legislation................................................................10
11. EEO and its implementation in practices............................................................................10
12. 'Recency of practice' and types of evidence required..........................................................11

13. How many continuous professionals development points/hours required to maintain
Enrolled Nurse Registration......................................................................................................11
14. Create diagram of Australian court system.........................................................................12
17. Explain role of Power of Attorney, Living Wills and Life Prolonging Treatments...........14
18. a) Human rights to access healthcare..................................................................................14
b) National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) standards 2017...............................14
19. Direct & indirect discrimination and its impacts................................................................15
20. Requirement of Enrolled nurses for remaining aware about existence of social media
policies......................................................................................................................................15
21. Need of PII under Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act................................16
22. 3 things essential in application submitted by an Enrolled Nurse......................................16
23. Ensuring safety of visitors including children....................................................................17
24.a) How the own upbringing influenced beliefs....................................................................17
b) How do you think it will influence your response to situations requiring ethical decision
making?.....................................................................................................................................17
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................18
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................19

INTRODUCTION
Legal & ethical parameters refers to relevant rules and policies that must be followed for
increasing patient outcomes. It includes ethical principles and legislations that provide support to
conduct clinical practices in effective as well as efficient manner. However, there are several
ethical principles which facilitate to avoid chance of occurring complex situations and condition
of drug errors by medical professionals in healthcare sector (Arnold and Boggs, 2019).
Moreover, legal rules & regulations are helpful for medical practitioners to put efforts in correct
direction in order to provide appropriate medication or treatment to people for making them well
being. Meanwhile, it is essential for care professionals to obey ethical and legal parameters
which facilitates to achieve better outcomes of nursing practices in health & social care. The
present report will focus on legal & regulatory guidelines affects nursing practices, domains &
principles set by Nursing & Midwifery Board of Australia and breach of several laws. It will
focus on moral or ethical dilemma for staff regarding certain aspects, latest version of various
Acts, standards & legislations and description of EEO with techniques of applying the same. The
recency of practice, continuous professional development and human right to access healthcare is
explained here. Furthermore, direct & indirection discrimination, PII requirements and
components of application submitted by an Enrolled nurse is given below.
MAIN BODY
1. Define legal and regulatory Acts or guidelines that impacts nursing practices including
relevant penalties
Legal & regulatory guidelines impacts positively on nursing practices of followed
appropriately. These legal instructions are mandatory because they direct efforts of medical
professionals in correct direction which facilitate to improve patient outcomes. However, it
consist number of aspects such as Guardianship, Advocacy, Defamation, Battery, Trespass,
Functions of the coroner, Autonomy, non-maleficence & beneficence, Justice, Veracity and
Bioethics (Baillie and Black, 2014). In addition to this, it is necessary for care professionals to
focus on mentioned ethical principles and regulatory guidelines because avoiding them is
considered as a legal offence for which their superior of client can take legal action against them.
Meanwhile, it has been analysed that obeying these aspects is beneficial for providing better
outcomes for a sick person in health & social care. At the other hand, care professionals who

ignore these legal instructions they can face strict legal and official actions like their licence will
be cancelled along with termination from their professional position. Moreover, these
practitioners have to pay a huge amount of money as a penalty or may face years of prison in
case of avoiding legal requirements accordingly.
2. Implementation of domains, principles and values that are established by Nursing and
Midwifery board of Australia
The domains, principles and values set by Nursing & Midwifery Board of Australia in
fulfil several aspects such as practise legally including legal compliance, practice safely,
effectively & collaboratively considering person centred practice and cultural practice &
respectful relationships. It also includes care standards to Act with professional integrity
consisting professional behaviour and Promote health and well-being of people (Billings and
Halstead, 2015). However, it includes communicating about general public about standards
which can be expect Enrolled nurse (EN) and identify an eligibility criteria registration of
individuals who have completed an EN program. In addition to this, EN are required to perform
under indirect and direct supervision of registered nurse for providing proper care to patients.
Meanwhile, an enrolled nurse should focus on their roles and responsibilities along with
remaining responsible for their attempted criterion or actions. Meanwhile, an EN can be
considered for accountable in giving delegated care to an individual. Moreover, it is necessary
for EN to remain focussed towards actual requirements and comfort level of patients in terms of
providing person centred care for making them well being.
3.a) Response to complaint made by the resident
In case of resident's complaint, it is necessary to make an individual feeling relaxed by
making him understand to solve his problem as soon as possible. It is required to report this
incident to respective authority without disclosing person's name to sort out the issue to improve
their comfort level (Blažun, Kokol and Vošner, 2015).
b) Legal obligation of the case
The legal obligation in given case is to compliant about assaulter practitioner to
authorities of hospital and if ignored then put complain to legal organisations for respective
actions to save resident.

c) Person to be notified in the first instance
After notifying the person, it is necessary to make him comfortable and tell them that
such abuse will not happen again by providing assurance by making effective communication
(Brennan and Bakken, 2015). It is also required to determine injury due to abuse for treating it
and then take action towards abusive professional.
d) Way of notifying or report this person
The person can be notified by his uncomfortable behaviour and scary expressions of face
for determining their problem. This can reported to higher authorities or hospital to take action
against the care practitioner and report to legal authorities also (Butts and Rich, 2019).
e) Requirement of maintaining patient's privacy and confidentiality while reporting the incident
The privacy should be maintained by protecting relevant personal information about that
resident and do not disclose with another person or care professionals about the assaulting
incident. It is necessary to manage respect and dignity of an individual by solving their problem
of get assaulted by care professional only through reporting this incident to legal authorities.
4. Describe given laws in nursing practices and potential consequences of breaching them
Civil law defines the rights and responsibilities of every person, government entity or
private organisations when they are interacting with each other. This law is relevant to nursing
practices which conveys that nursing staff should focus on their responsibilities towards patient
while providing effective treatment for their well being. Civil law is important to to encourage
medical professional to fulfil their duty appropriately which is favourable for people to get
proper treatment and become disease free.
Common law provide instructions to every person for giving proper reasons behind their
decision about any aspect. It is relevant to nursing practices through which nursing staff should
appropriate reasons to patient about conducting any kind of clinical procedure for them (Cappell,
2017). However, it is important to make patient understand about necessity of specific process by
analysing its necessity and gain their cooperation to attain better outcomes.
Statute law refers to set of legal rules and norms which are mandatory to be followed by
nursing staff while providing care facilities to sick people for their welfare. It is important to
obey legislations because they direct efforts of care professionals in correct direction and reduce
chance of occurring drug errors or other relevant mistakes.

Considering above mentioned laws, potential consequences of breaching them consist
professionals punishment in civil law and common law. But in case of statute law, breaching it
creates major problem for a care professionals because legal and strict actions can be taken by
legal bodies.
5.a) Shelly's duty of care and relevant breach
There is breach in contract because as Shelly is responsible for taking care of Mr. A, so if
he is calling her for help, then she is responsible for providing it. She can not ignore her
responsibility by saying they Mr. A call him for no reason. There is breach of contract because as
she is responsible for taking care, then it is essential for understanding it properly and conduct in
appropriate manner (Griffith and Tengnah, 2017).
b) Legal requirements of using restraint
There is requirement of restraints through which it is easy for Shelly can perform actions
in better and effective manner. As Mr. A is suffering from dementia and hip injury, so it is
essential to have legal restraints through which contract cannot be breached.
c) Person responsible for vicariously negligence regarding fall of patient
In case MR. A can fall from the bed, then in this case hospital management is responsible
for it. It is relevant and significant for management of hospital to take care that whether nurse is
taking care properly or not. As health and social care organisation is legal bound for taking care
of Mr. a hence family will held responsible for them.
6. Progress notes of the patient
Date + Time Focus Progress Note
12th November 2016, 1030 Taking care of red marks Mr. Wells is suffering from
issue of red rashes at her left
ankle. She is not able to sit on
chair after shower and requires
help for getting back to bed.
But after few minutes she is
able to sit on herself.

---------------------------RN------
7.a) Determine the concept of ethics in context of selected patient and his family
There is requirement of ethical concept of justice and accountability. In this health and
social care organisation have to communicate with patient and family about every aspects and
treatment.
b) Things to be considered while communication with patient and family
While communicating with family members of Mr. Kenhal, there must be politeness and
taking care of their emotions. As Mr. Kenhal have zeal and for life and love his family, hence it
is important to take care of their emotions.
c) Ethical issue and potential ethical dilemmas take place
There is lack of fidelity and autonomy due to which performance of workers is not up to
the mark. There is ethical dilemma they if Mr. Kenhal is offered with palliative treatment but as
e is in last stage of lung cancer, so this treatment is not fruitful.
d) Determine ethical problems and way to manage them
In order to deal with ethical issues, health care organisations have to understand about
different concepts properly to individuals and people working associated with patients (Gunn,
Taylor and Hutcheon, 2014). This makes changes in working efficiency and perform activities in
better and effective manner.
e) Way of supporting patient in their decision and wish to live
I will make possible ways through which Mr. Kenhal is able to perform actions in better
and effective manner. There is some fantasies individual have when they live their life, so I make
best possible ways through which he can fulfil them. This makes it easy for getting best feel in
life.
f) ''Not for resuscitation'' order
This is the order provided by doctors not to perform an attempt for revive an individual
when their heart beat stops. With the help of this order, instructions are provided to the health
care practitioners to not to make use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (Johnstone and Facn,
2019).

8. Describe the problem and how & why it may cause of moral or ethical dilemma for staff
Abortion is not good because in this factor, there is requirement of causing death of
infant. There is moral dilemma that if infant is disable, then it must not be born, but death of an
individual is also valid and appropriate.
Organ donation creates ethical dilemma because if there is any issue to donor, then it
may transfer to person to whom it is transferred.
Euthanasia refers to painless killing of individual. There is moral dilemma that if patient
is killing by slow position, then this is murder of individual which is not good.
Assisted suicide is performed by individual when they are forced by someone else to
perform it due to some unethical behaviour (Lachman, Swanson and Winland-Brown, 2015).
This is also moral unethical behaviour of candidates which gives negative impact on society.
Stem cell research is moral unethical behaviour because of change in transplantation. But
this cause any other issues to patient and this might lead to death of candidate.
Tissue transplantation is performed if individual wants to implement some new
characteristic in their body. This is not successful if it is not done in appropriate manner. So if
doctor is not curing in appropriate manner, then this creates problems for patents in performing
their routine work.
Reproductive technology is best option through which baby can get birth but it is moral
unethical because of infant is transplanted through technology, then there are possibilities that
infant might suffer in their routine work.
Quality of life is moral unethically because of individual is not working in appropriate
manner, then there are possibilities that they can not live life up to the mark.
Conscientious objection is the action which is performed because of interest in particular
action. There is ethical dilemma because some times personal interest is due to improper
working of individual (Lo, Biondo-Wood and Haber, 2014).
9. a) Principles and processes of open disclosure of the scenario
Open disclosure refers to the process through which there is discussion about patients
issue with him and their relative. It is crucial and relevant for worker of health and social care
organisation to understand what is the problem and actions which can be taken. There are five
principles which has to be considered under open disclosure i.e. apology, factual explanation

about what went wrong and right, opportunities to patient to explain, discussing consequences ,
lastly explanation about managing actions taken to overcome with issue.
In order to deal with this situation in case of opera, first she has to apologise for her act,
then actions has to take to reduce possibilities of its adverse effect. This is the best way through
negative outcome can be reduced and at the same time there must be opportunities to patient as
well to share experience (Parandeh and et. al., 2015). This assist in making situation positive and
in future positive actions has to be taken.
b) Roles of another professionals in open disclosure
In open disclosure, there is crucial role of different authorities which are sitting in
organisation. It is important for upper level management to understand what is the scenario and
actions has to taken to overcome them. They must feel apologise towards patients and their
family. There must be provision of fine as well as workers, so this might be not again in future.
10. Latest version of Acts, standards and legislation
Age Discrimination Act, 2006
Australian Human Rights Commission Act, 2002
Disability Discrimination Act, 2009
Racial Discrimination Act, 1975
Sex Discrimination Act, 2013
Health Records Act (Commonwealth), 2012
Aged Care Act (Commonwealth), 2006
Carers Recognition Legislation, 2006
Criminal Code Act (Commonwealth), 1995
Disability Discrimination Act (Commonwealth), 1992
Privacy Act (Commonwealth), 1988
Workplace health and safety, 2011
11. EEO and its implementation in practices
EEO refers to Equal Employment Opportunity. This is the act which is important in
health and social care organisation because as there are many worker, so if there is
discrimination among workers, then this might affect performance of whole organisation

(Poorchangizi and et. al., 2017). Hence in order to maintain equality in organisation, this EEO
applies to workplace.
12. 'Recency of practice' and types of evidence required
'Recency of practice' can be described that a health professionals has maintained an
adequate link with and recent practice in profession since qualifying for obtaining registrations.
It includes the criterion of analysing new practices and put efforts to understand and way of
conducting the in appropriate manner. However, it consist the evaluate the roles and
responsibilities to be carried out while carrying out recent establish clinical practices that are
advanced as well as much effective to wellness of people (Pozgar, 2019). In addition to this, care
professionals focus new & advanced techniques and learn about them to carrying out relevant
steps to conduct recent clinical practices in more effective as well as efficient manner.
At the other hand, it requires different of evidence that are given below:
 Do the hours worked have to be continuous?
 If I am a registered nurse as well as a registered midwife, do I need to meet recency
requirement. For both professions?
 If I am working overseas as a registered nurse or midwife, are these hours acceptable
evidence of recency of practice?
 What happens if I an unable to meet the recency of practice requirements?
 What if I an employed at the time of application for renewal but do not meet the three
months' recency of practice requirement?
 Do I need to keep evidence of my recency of practice?
 Do I need to submit evidence of my recency of practice of the NMBA each year when I
renew my registration?
 What if I have never practised since graduation and do not meet the recency standard?
13. How many continuous professionals development points/hours required to maintain Enrolled
Nurse Registration
In order to maintain enrolled Nurse Registration, it is essential to have specific hours of
continuous professionals development (CPD). Continuous professional development refers to
improving and maintenance of specific profession with the help of enhancing knowledge level,
expertise and competence. It also consist development of professional as well as personal

qualities needed throughout their professional career. Specific requirements of CPD hours for
nurse are given here.
Nurses CPD requirements Total additional CPD
hours
Total CPD hours
Nursing professional Registered nurse – 20
hours
Nursing professional
endorsement requires
extra 10 hours relevant
to prescribing as well
as administering the
diagnostic
investigations,
consultations, referral
and medicines
(Shahriari and
Baloochestani, 2014).
10 hours 30 hours
Registered nurse along
with regular
medications
endorsement
Registered nursing
professional – 20
hours
Schedules medicines
endorsement needs
additional 10 hours
relevant with gaining,
providing and
administrating the
regular medications.
10 hours 30 hours

14. Create diagram of Australian court system
Australian Court System is given below –
Considering above image, it has been analysed that Australian court system has several
sub parts. It consist two types of courts such as State or Territory courts and commonwealth
courts which are responsible for dealing with cases take place in respective geographical areas
that comes under these courts to be solved. However, sate or territory courts further ave it sub
sections in small geographical areas to deal with various legal matters and other. It consist state
or territory supreme courts, intermediate state or district courts and lower courts local or
magistrate courts to handle relevant cases in appropriate manner. Moreover, commonwealth
courts has to sub parts like Federal courts and Family courts under which Federal Magistrate
court is established to specific ally deal with case of different geographical places of the country.
Additionally, above mentioned digram is helpful to understand about hierarchy of court of
Australia according to the Tabbner's description for the same.

17. Explain role of Power of Attorney, Living Wills and Life Prolonging Treatments
a. Power of Attorney: Written legal authority that is being given by one party to the other so
that they can act on their behalf is referred to as power of attorney. Decisions that are made by
agent legally binds to the principal. This is only active when principal is alive as well as
capacitate d. Principal possess the power to revoke it whenever they feel like.
c. Living wills: This is a legal document that is liable for specifying type of medical care which
individual need or do not need when they are not not able to communicate their desires.
Basically, it illustrates wishes for medical care for end of life (Stuart, 2014). It do not possess
any power after death of an individual.
d. Life prolonging treatments: It denotes care that is being used when they expect that person
can recover as well as treatment will become temporary. Sometimes there occur conditions in
which recovery is not easy or even may not occur then treatment becomes necessary for the
person's rest of life.
18. a) Human rights to access healthcare
a. The human right to access healthcare: As per World Health Organisation, 1946, highest
possible standard of health is fundamental right of each human being (Human rights and health,
2019). Acknowledgement to human right leads to creation of legal obligation for ensuring access
to acceptable, timely as well as affordable health care for suitable quality and render efficient
determinants of health like sanitation, housing, gender-equality and health related information
(White, Dudley-Brown and Terhaar, 2016). This right must be enjoyed by each individual
without any kind of discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, age, race or any other basis. The
information is acquired from website of who.int.
b) National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) standards 2017
b. National Safety & Quality health services standards 2017: NSQHS aims at protecting
public from any kind of harm as well as at improvisation at quality of health service provisions.
It is liable for ensuring that quality assurance mechanism is provided with respect specific
system that whether they meets anticipated standards of quality and safety (National Safety and
Health Service Standards (second edition), 2019). It comprises of medication safety, clinical
governance, comprehensive care, partnering with consumers, interaction for safety, blood
management, prevention as well as managing infections associated with health care and

recognition of acute deterioration. This information is gained from safetyandquality.gov.au
website.
19. Direct & indirect discrimination and its impacts
Direct discrimination: When an individual or a certain group of persons is treated least
favourably as compared others due to certain traits or background is referred to as direct
discrimination. This is unlawful within federal laws of discrimination as if it depends on
protected attributes like sex, martial status, person's race, sexual orientation or gender identity.
Its overall impact is not good as in case older applicant is not considered as an appropriate for
specified job then it will not have affirmative impact as each individual needs to have to some
source of income for their survival.
Indirect discrimination: When there exist unreasonable policies or rules which are
identical to each individual but creates unfair effects on people who have similar attributes is
referred to as indirect discrimination (Winland-Brown Lachman and Swanson, 2015). For an
instance, it can be a sex discr9imination like managers need to have full time job and women
works for part time due to family responsibilities. This is considered as unlawful. The impact is
pessimistic as as each individual have their certain problems and with respect to that liabilities
must be given to them.
20. Requirement of Enrolled nurses for remaining aware about existence of social media policies
Healthcare professionals makes use of social media for personal as well as professional
purposes but they need to ensure their confidentiality and privacy in terms of their physical,
mental situations. The policy have been created by National Boards to assist practitioners to
acknowledge their obligations while making use of social media. This is applied to all the
Australian health practitioners. For an instance, nurses and midwifery needs to ensure code of
professional conduct with respect to their duties for maintaining confidentiality of information
of their patients. The other example can be taken to understand this, like posting of unaccredited
photographs of their patients in any platform leads to breach of privacy of patient. There are
certain standards which are articulated within code of conduct while carrying out communication
with someone else. In addition to this, section 133 of National law has imposed certain limits on
ways in which health services are being furnished by registered practitioners.

21. Need of PII under Health Practitioner Regulation National Law Act
Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA's), registration standards require that
PII needs registered & enrolled nurses, midwives and nurse practitioners to retain evidence of
their insurance. The requirements have been illustrated below:
 If employed nurses & midwives are employed and work for employer only, than it is
necessary that employer must possess PII arrangements which renders sufficient cover
for practice as well as risks that are involved in this.
 If they are self-employed then, nurses and midwives need to make their own PII
arrangements. As well as they have to manage there own cover directly through
insurance broker.
 If they are registered but at present not practising then PII arrangements are not needed
for that specified time frame. But if they want to carry it out then they need to have
specified run-off cover for matters.
 If segregation of employed & self employed roles is being carried out then PII
arrangements must be ensured within own work space so that appropriate cover can be
provided for all the practices that are being delivered.
If practice is carried out as a volunteer then also PII arrangements have to be made within place.
22. 3 things essential in application submitted by an Enrolled Nurse
Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency requires the following standards that must be
submitted by nurse. They are:
 English language skills: All applicants needs to illustrate that their English skills leads
them to deliver their health practices safely (Yoder-Wise, 2014). The National Board has
formulated diverse pathways for applicants for demonstrating their English skill abilities.
 Professional indemnity insurance arrangements (PII): This is applicable only for
health practitioners. Here, they need to have specific arrangements to the level which is
illustrated through National Board.
 Recency of practice: This is also applicable for health practitioners who have applied for
registration. In this all practitioners needs to have carry out specified number of hours
while carrying out their practice as it is being mentioned by National Board within
preceding years of their registration.

23. Ensuring safety of visitors including children
Australian child protection legislation: This is an area related with public law in which
authorities have power to intervene within family settings due to allegation of relevant risk or
harm to the child. Within Australia, territory as well as state government is liable for operations
and administration of child protection services (Australian child protection legislation, 2019). It
involves best interest of child, their early intervention and participation of young people as well
as children within decision making.
Youth legislation: Organisations must comply with various Acts of Parliament and
subordinates to work with young people. The legislation involves Alcohol & other drug, Child
death, Child & Young Persons Protection, Crime & young justice, Disability, Discrimination and
various others (Youth Legislation, 2019).
24.a) How the own upbringing influenced beliefs
Considering the ethical decision making, it is helpful to encourage beliefs of care
professionals to perform their regular work ethically correct. It can be considered as an approach
to make appropriate decision making regarding clinical practices with the help of using problem
oriented approach, requiring rational and systematic reasoning. Ethical decisions making must
consider that ethical dilemma should be recognised & defined and facts related to person & issue
must be involved. It also consist to understand moral rules and principles of ethical decision
making along with appropriate way of implementing them. The decision making model can be
utilised as it is helpful to understand about relevant effective principles that support to make
correct decision for treatment of patients.
b) How do you think it will influence your response to situations requiring ethical decision
making?
Understanding about ethical decision making is helpful to influence the thinking of care
professionals positively that encourage them to utilise desired model like decision making
framework, problem oriented approach etc. However, it motivate to use decision making make
model to establish an appropriate decision with the help of following relevant principles.
Meanwhile, it consist to follow national guidelines provided by respective authorities that
includes to discuss with experienced professionals and follow desired policies & practices. It
requires to focus on evidence based research, legislative change, technological change and safety
& quality of medical services provided to particular patient for their well being.

CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been analysed that ethical and legal practices plays an
important role in order to deliver appropriate care services to needy people for their better health.
It includes the responsibility of nursing staff to focus on legislations and ethical principles which
facilitate to make an appropriate decision making in terms of providing effective care to people.
However, it includes Civil law, Common law and Statute law with their importance as well as
potential consequences if ignored. In addition to this, it consist number of legal rules with their
latest version that should be followed by nursing staff including Age Discrimination Act,
Australian Human Rights, Commission Act, Disability Discrimination Act, Racial
Discrimination Act and so on. Moreover, it involves several case scenarios of people with
respective situations where ethical and legal norms should be considered to provide an
appropriate facilities for welfare of individuals.

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