Behaviour of professional architect within regulated profession

This document discusses the behaviour of professional architects within the regulated profession and the ethical code of conduct they must follow. It explores the role of professional architects in creating safe, sustainable, economical, and efficient spaces. The document also highlights the importance of effective communication and collaboration between architects and clients for successful project outcomes.

Architecture

TABLE OF CONTENT
QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................1
1. Behaviour of professional architect within regulated profession ...........................................1
2. Delivery of services to clients .................................................................................................1
3. Role of professional architects.................................................................................................2
4. Future architects ......................................................................................................................3
5. Statutory requirements and regulations informing project .....................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

QUESTIONS
1. Behaviour of professional architect within regulated profession
A profession is defined as the group of individuals who are disciplined to ethical
standards and who possess specific skill and knowledge which is derived from higher level of
education, training and research1. The members of profession are called professionals which are
regulated by ethical code of conduct2. They also profess their commitment to morality, integrity,
promotion of public good, morality and altruism within their expert domain. Architects are
professionals who are qualified for designing technical as well as aesthetic designs on both
private and public spaces3. They are also responsible to effectively use their technical and
practical knowledge in creating safe, sustainable, economical and efficient space.
The high level psychological understanding and interpersonal skills of the architects also
assist in meeting wider needs of communities4. Architects are required to follow specific code of
conduct related to ethics, safety, design and quality standards, punctuality, decision making, time
management and other professional aspects. The Architects registration board (ARB) sets these
standards for professional behaviour desired from architects5. The failure to accomplish these
standards results in professional incompetence which are unacceptable and result in disciplinary
actions6.
A voluntary organisation 'Royal institution of British Architects' gives training,
recognition, support and knowledge to member architects so that they follow professional
behaviour7. The key behavioural elements expected from architects in RBA includes
1 Hassanpour, B., Alpar Atun, R. and Ghaderi, S., 2017. From words to action:
Incorporation of sustainability in architectural education. Sustainability, 9(10), p.1790.
2 Apan, R.D., 2019. Postgraduate Studies on Continuing Professional Development and
Training in the Field of Law: To Be or Not to Be?. Journal of Law and Public
Administration.9). pp.13-19.
3 Hay, R. and et.al., 2018. Post-occupancy evaluation in architecture: experiences and
perspectives from UK practice. Building Research & Information, 46(6), pp.698-710.
4 Mendoza, D.R. and et.al., 2017. Reinventing Mutual Recognition Arrangements: Lessons
from International Experiences and Insights for the ASEAN Region. Asian Development
Bank.
5 Patten, B. and Saunders, H., 2018. Professional negligence in construction. Routledge.
6 Dimyadi, J., Governatori, G. and Amor, R., 2017, June. Evaluating legaldocml and
legalruleml as a standard for sharing normative information in the AEC/FM domain.
In Proceedings of the Lean and Computing in Construction Congress (LC3)(to appear,
2017).
1

competence, integrity and relationships8. The behaviour of architects must be ethical and
professional in terms of promoting social welfare, safety, quality designs supporting ethics in
inclusion, equality, material sourcing and investment9.
2. Delivery of services to clients
Architecture is cognitive process which uses theories and observations to provide design
solutions and thus act as problem solver10. The role of architects is not only limited to provide a
design instead they are also responsible to regularly inspect that construction takes place as per
the design specifications11. However clients usually have low satisfaction from services of
architects and thus their role is often misunderstood or undervalued. The clients are not aware of
the problem solving approaches and design making needs involved in designing process12. Thus
it often result in performance gap due to poor client management.
An improved relation and understanding between clients and architects can reduce the
design drawbacks, cost and time13. The architects must use their cognitive psychology to solve
design problems14. The marginalisation of architects as arrogant for honoured projects and
7 Martí, N. and et.al., 2017. Design of interactive and collaborative learning units using
TICs in architectural construction education. Revista de la Construcción. 16(1). pp.33-
42.
8 Samad, N.A.A. and Said, I., 2017. Universal Design Approach for an Accessible Built
Environment through Legislation for Effective Implementation in Malaysia.
9 Oswald, D. and et.al., 2018. Exploring safety management challenges for multi-national
construction workforces: a UK case study. Construction management and
economics, 36(5), pp.291-301.
10 Agarwal, R., Thakur, V. and Chauhan, R., 2017, March. Enterprise Architecture for e-
Government. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Theory and
Practice of Electronic Governance (pp. 47-55).
11
Aasheim, C., Shropshire, J., Li, L. and Kadlec, C., 2019. Knowledge and skill
requirements for entry-level IT workers: A longitudinal study. Journal of Information
Systems Education. 23(2). p.8.
12
Fernández-Sanz, L., Gómez-Pérez, J. and Castillo-Martínez, A., 2017. e-Skills Match: A
framework for mapping and integrating the main skills, knowledge and competence
standards and models for ICT occupations. Computer Standards & Interfaces. 51. pp.30-
42.
13 Sedik, D., Ulbricht, C. and Dzhamankulov, N., 2016. The architecture of food safety
control in the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union (No. 918-2016-
72724).
14 Bosher, L.S., Chmutina, K. and Von Meding, J., 2016. Disaster risk reduction as a
professional competency. A review of related training and education provision for built
2

awards is misleading the value of architects15. Many clients used to believe that architecture only
add to extra and unnecessary cost16. Thus there is need that communicate the information
regarding impact of built environment and design on the quality or lives of people17.
The wide gap between client satisfaction and performance of architects is due to diverse
relationship and attitude between clients and architects18. On one side clients show limited
interest in architects while on the other side architect's response differs from needs of clients 19. It
affect the project quality. Use of knowledge and skilled architects is not only vital for meeting
needs of clients but also to understand the business process of construction industry which is
greatly influenced by design20.
3. Role of professional architects
For excellent delivery of services architects must integrate team collaboration and their
individual responsibilities as architect21. For achieving cost efficient and quality designs
architects must have effective communication and and collaboration with the all stakeholders of
project22. There is need to balance professional ethics and code of architectural conduct with the
business needs23. Along with the project manager and team members architect must also be an
environment practitioners in the UK and Australia.
15 Fraser, G.R., 2016. Landscape Professional Practice. Routledge.
16 Manderson, A.D., Jefferies, M.C. and Brewer, G.J., 2017. An analysis of the integration
of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in standard construction contracts. Integrated
Building Information Modelling, pp.82-101.
17 Ajayi, S.O. and Oyedele, L.O., 2017. Policy imperatives for diverting construction waste
from landfill: Experts’ recommendations for UK policy expansion. Journal of cleaner
production, 147, pp.57-65.
18 Viļuma, A. and Bratuškins, U., 2017. Barriers for use of wood in architecture: The
Latvian case. Architecture and Urban Planning, 13(1), pp.43-47.
19 Patrick, A.D. and et.al., 2017, June. A Measure of Affect toward Key Elements of
Engineering Professional Practice. In ASEE annual conference & exposition
proceedings.
20 Bonenberg, W. and Kapliński, O., 2018. The architect and the paradigms of sustainable
development: A review of dilemmas. Sustainability, 10(1), p.100.
21 Becher, T., 2018. Professional practices: Commitment and capability in a changing
environment. Routledge.
22 Pelsmakers, S., 2019. The environmental design pocketbook. RIBA publishing.
23 Karakusevic, P., 2018. A New Era of Social Housing: Architecture as the Basis for
Change. Architectural Design, 88(4), pp.48-55.
3

essential part of decision making process24. The lack of communication and collaboration can
influence innovation, cultural changes, cost and timely completion of the project25.
Along with project cost and quality professional architects are also responsible for
overseeing projects and safety considerations26. The project team includes engineers, planning
and cost consultants, project manager and architects27. The collaboration of architect with
contractor, finance and designers result in best designing solution in all aspects28. For
accomplishing best decisions architects must also develop good relations with clients29. The
strong relations are helpful for the architect to understand the client needs in accordance with the
possible ethical and safety choices for design30. Thus they are able to provide optimum designing
solutions to the client and better project outcomes are provided31.
4. Future architects
Success can be defined as the accomplishment of any task or activity within desired time
period or within certain parameters which indicates achievement of sequence of actions32.
Success can vary as per the priority or mental well being of an individual33. Successful
24 Kangas, H.L., Lazarevic, D. and Kivimaa, P., 2018. Technical skills, disinterest and non-
functional regulation: Barriers to building energy efficiency in Finland viewed by energy
service companies. Energy Policy. 114. pp.63-76.
25 Kivimaa, P. and Martiskainen, M., 2018. Dynamics of policy change and intermediation:
the arduous transition towards low-energy homes in the United Kingdom. Energy
research & social science, 44, pp.83-99.
26 Akotia, J. and Sackey, E., 2018. Understanding socio-economic sustainability drivers of
sustainable regeneration: an empirical study of regeneration practitioners in
UK. European Planning Studies, 26(10), pp.2078-2098.
27 Segrelles, J.D. and et.al., 2017. Virtualized Computational Environments on the cloud to
foster group skills through PBL: A case study in architecture. Computers &
Education. 108. pp.131-144.
28 Akatkin, Y.M. and et.al., 2017. Digital economy: Conceptual architecture of a digital
economic sector ecosystem. Бизнес-информатика, (4 (42) eng).
29 Jones, R.V., Goodhew, S. and de Wilde, P., 2016. Measured indoor temperatures,
thermal comfort and overheating risk: Post-occupancy evaluation of low energy houses in
the UK.
30 Bonenberg, W. and Kapliński, O., 2018. The architect and the paradigms of sustainable
development: A review of dilemmas. Sustainability. 10(1). p.100.
31 Sawer, M. and Vickers, J., 2016. Introduction: Political architecture and its gender
impact. In Federalism, feminism and multilevel governance (pp. 3-18). Routledge.
32 Kopaczyk, J., 2017. Terms and conditions: a comparative study of noun binomials in UK
and Scottish legislation. In Phraseology in Legal and Institutional Settings (pp. 160-185).
Routledge.
33 Onsman, A., 2016. Assessing creativity in a ‘New Generation’architecture
degree. Thinking Skills and Creativity. 19. pp.210-218.
4

architecture can measure their success through client satisfaction, happy design team members
and evaluation of project or design outcomes by comparing them through standard code of
conduct34. For the successful project there must be holistic inclusion and mutual respect between
architecture professionals and clients so that diverse professional practices can be
accomplished35. The perception of people towards architects and personality of individual is also
a critical parameter36.
The modern business organisations must promote strategies such as entertainment,
openness, flexibility, social interaction and communication which promotes and support mental
well being at work place37. Job satisfaction is also one of the success parameters for the
professionals. For instance some architects used to deliver low cost designs so that poor
communities can be supported while others may consider the complex and costly designs as
success parameters38. Mental health issues such as stress, work pressure or over excitement can
have negative impact on the project cost and quality39. The financial security is also driving
force for controlling mental health and design quality of the professionals40. The inclusion of
holistic approaches, cultural diversity, mutual respect between clients and architects as well as
project members is helpful in improving job satisfaction, client satisfaction and other project
related success outcomes41.
34 Mackay, F., 2016. Devolution and the multilevel politics of gender in the UK: The case
of Scotland. In Federalism, feminism and multilevel governance (pp. 155-168).
Routledge.
35 Illingworth, J.R., 2017. Construction methods and planning. CRC Press.
36 Khamaksorn, A., 2016. Project Management Knowledge and Skills for the Construction
Industry. In International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Sustainable
Development (CASD) Dec (pp. 1-2).
37 Adafin, J., Rotimi, J.O. and Wilkinson, S., 2016. Risk impact assessments in project
budget development: Architects’ perspectives. Architectural Engineering and Design
Management. 12(3). pp.189-204.
38 SAMAD, N.A.A., SAID, I. and RAHIM, A.A., 2018, October. Planning Accessibility
Strategies and Connectivity for Malaysian Urban Built Environment. In Transforming
our World Through Design, Diversity and Education: Proceedings of Universal Design
and Higher Education in Transformation Congress 2018 (Vol. 256, p. 367). IOS Press.
39 Ghazinoory, S. and et.al., 2017. Technology roadmapping architecture based on
technological learning: Case study of social banking in Iran. Technological Forecasting
and Social Change. 122. pp.231-242.
40 Caven, V., Navarro-Astor, E. and Diop, M., 2016. A cross-national study of gender
diversity initiatives in architecture: The cases of the UK, France and Spain. Cross
Cultural & Strategic Management, 23(3), pp.431-449.
5

5. Statutory requirements and regulations informing project
The architecture business is regulated by the RIBA work plan which describes the stages
and outcomes of practices, build regulations and control measures42. The legislation measures
protect and control the designs so that they deliver safe, sustainable and ethical solutions43.
Along with the client satisfaction it is also required to sustain desirable profits so that operational
expenses and staff income can be paid44. UK government has specific regulations regarding
design parameters so that safety is not compromised in business projects45. It also includes
regulations related to land use, health and safety parameters, building shape and design as well as
atmosphere impact46.
There is also need to include financial monitoring into consideration so that project
budget does not exceed its limits47. In addition to the safety of clients it is also mandatory for the
business to ensure the safety of staff members48. The employer must also protect the fundamental
and safety rights of staff members49. For this purpose architects and other project members must
41 Stirna, J., 2017, June. A comparative analysis of concepts for capability design used in
capability driven development and the NATO Architecture Framework. In International
Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering(pp. 27-38). Springer, Cham.
42 Van der Linden, V., Dong, H. and Heylighen, A., 2016. Capturing architects’ designerly
ways of knowing about users: Exploring an ethnographic research approach. Proceedings
of DRS.
43 Ling-Chin, J. and et.al., 2019. UK building thermal performance from industrial and
governmental perspectives. Applied energy, 237, pp.270-282.
44 Balalaie, A., Heydarnoori, A. and Jamshidi, P., 2016. Microservices architecture enables
devops: Migration to a cloud-native architecture. Ieee Software. 33(3). pp.42-52.
45 Assiter, A., 2017. Transferable skills in higher education. Routledge.
46 Piber, A., 2018. wonderland–MANUAL FOR EMERGING ARCHITECTS. Birkhäuser.
47 Toledo, L., Cropper, P. and Wright, A.J., 2016, July. Unintended consequences of
sustainable architecture: Evaluating overheating risks in new dwellings. PLEA (Passive
and Low Energy Architecture) Conference 2016.
48 Abdirad, H. and Dossick, C.S., 2016. BIM curriculum design in architecture,
engineering, and construction education: a systematic review. Journal of Information
Technology in Construction (Itcon). 21(17). pp.250-271.
49 Trad, A. and Kalpić, D., 2017. The business transformation and enterprise architecture
framework The London Interbank offered rate crisis-the model. The Business &
Management Review, 9(2), pp.67-76.
6

essentially conduct risk assessment of the project so that harmful and potential risks can be
identified and resolved50. It will assure the safety of clients as well as employees51.
50 Hensel, M.U. and Nilsson, F. eds., 2016. The changing shape of practice: Integrating
research and design in architecture. Routledge.
51 Wallhagen, M., Malmqvist, T. and Eriksson, O., 2017. Professionals’ knowledge and use
of environmental assessment in an architectural competition. Building Research &
Information, 45(4), pp.426-442.
7

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aasheim, C., Shropshire, J., Li, L. and Kadlec, C., 2019. Knowledge and skill requirements for
entry-level IT workers: A longitudinal study. Journal of Information Systems
Education. 23(2). p.8.
Abdirad, H. and Dossick, C.S., 2016. BIM curriculum design in architecture, engineering, and
construction education: a systematic review. Journal of Information Technology in
Construction (Itcon). 21(17). pp.250-271.
Adafin, J., Rotimi, J.O. and Wilkinson, S., 2016. Risk impact assessments in project budget
development: Architects’ perspectives. Architectural Engineering and Design
Management. 12(3). pp.189-204.
Agarwal, R., Thakur, V. and Chauhan, R., 2017, March. Enterprise Architecture for e-
Government. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Theory and
Practice of Electronic Governance (pp. 47-55).
Ajayi, S.O. and Oyedele, L.O., 2017. Policy imperatives for diverting construction waste from
landfill: Experts’ recommendations for UK policy expansion. Journal of cleaner
production, 147, pp.57-65.
Akatkin, Y.M. and et.al., 2017. Digital economy: Conceptual architecture of a digital economic
sector ecosystem. Бизнес-информатика, (4 (42) eng).
Akotia, J. and Sackey, E., 2018. Understanding socio-economic sustainability drivers of
sustainable regeneration: an empirical study of regeneration practitioners in
UK. European Planning Studies, 26(10), pp.2078-2098.
Apan, R.D., 2019. Postgraduate Studies on Continuing Professional Development and Training
in the Field of Law: To Be or Not to Be?. Journal of Law and Public Administration.9).
pp.13-19.
Assiter, A., 2017. Transferable skills in higher education. Routledge.
Balalaie, A., Heydarnoori, A. and Jamshidi, P., 2016. Microservices architecture enables devops:
Migration to a cloud-native architecture. Ieee Software. 33(3). pp.42-52.
Becher, T., 2018. Professional practices: Commitment and capability in a changing
environment. Routledge.
Bonenberg, W. and Kapliński, O., 2018. The architect and the paradigms of sustainable
development: A review of dilemmas. Sustainability, 10(1), p.100.
Bonenberg, W. and Kapliński, O., 2018. The architect and the paradigms of sustainable
development: A review of dilemmas. Sustainability. 10(1). p.100.
Bosher, L.S., Chmutina, K. and Von Meding, J., 2016. Disaster risk reduction as a professional
competency. A review of related training and education provision for built environment
practitioners in the UK and Australia.
Caven, V., Navarro-Astor, E. and Diop, M., 2016. A cross-national study of gender diversity
initiatives in architecture: The cases of the UK, France and Spain. Cross Cultural &
Strategic Management, 23(3), pp.431-449.
Dimyadi, J., Governatori, G. and Amor, R., 2017, June. Evaluating legaldocml and legalruleml
as a standard for sharing normative information in the AEC/FM domain. In Proceedings
of the Lean and Computing in Construction Congress (LC3)(to appear, 2017).
Fernández-Sanz, L., Gómez-Pérez, J. and Castillo-Martínez, A., 2017. e-Skills Match: A
framework for mapping and integrating the main skills, knowledge and competence
8

standards and models for ICT occupations. Computer Standards & Interfaces. 51. pp.30-
42.
Fraser, G.R., 2016. Landscape Professional Practice. Routledge.
Ghazinoory, S. and et.al., 2017. Technology roadmapping architecture based on technological
learning: Case study of social banking in Iran. Technological Forecasting and Social
Change. 122. pp.231-242.
Hassanpour, B., Alpar Atun, R. and Ghaderi, S., 2017. From words to action: Incorporation of
sustainability in architectural education. Sustainability, 9(10), p.1790.
Hay, R. and et.al., 2018. Post-occupancy evaluation in architecture: experiences and perspectives
from UK practice. Building Research & Information, 46(6), pp.698-710.
Hensel, M.U. and Nilsson, F. eds., 2016. The changing shape of practice: Integrating research
and design in architecture. Routledge.
Illingworth, J.R., 2017. Construction methods and planning. CRC Press.
Jones, R.V., Goodhew, S. and de Wilde, P., 2016. Measured indoor temperatures, thermal
comfort and overheating risk: Post-occupancy evaluation of low energy houses in the
UK.
Kangas, H.L., Lazarevic, D. and Kivimaa, P., 2018. Technical skills, disinterest and non-
functional regulation: Barriers to building energy efficiency in Finland viewed by energy
service companies. Energy Policy. 114. pp.63-76.
Karakusevic, P., 2018. A New Era of Social Housing: Architecture as the Basis for
Change. Architectural Design, 88(4), pp.48-55.
Khamaksorn, A., 2016. Project Management Knowledge and Skills for the Construction
Industry. In International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Sustainable
Development (CASD) Dec (pp. 1-2).
Kivimaa, P. and Martiskainen, M., 2018. Dynamics of policy change and intermediation: the
arduous transition towards low-energy homes in the United Kingdom. Energy research &
social science, 44, pp.83-99.
Kopaczyk, J., 2017. Terms and conditions: a comparative study of noun binomials in UK and
Scottish legislation. In Phraseology in Legal and Institutional Settings (pp. 160-185).
Routledge.
Ling-Chin, J. and et.al., 2019. UK building thermal performance from industrial and
governmental perspectives. Applied energy, 237, pp.270-282.
Mackay, F., 2016. Devolution and the multilevel politics of gender in the UK: The case of
Scotland. In Federalism, feminism and multilevel governance (pp. 155-168). Routledge.
Manderson, A.D., Jefferies, M.C. and Brewer, G.J., 2017. An analysis of the integration of
Building Information Modelling (BIM) in standard construction contracts. Integrated
Building Information Modelling, pp.82-101.
Martí, N. and et.al., 2017. Design of interactive and collaborative learning units using TICs in
architectural construction education. Revista de la Construcción. 16(1). pp.33-42.
Mendoza, D.R. and et.al., 2017. Reinventing Mutual Recognition Arrangements: Lessons from
International Experiences and Insights for the ASEAN Region. Asian Development
Bank.
Onsman, A., 2016. Assessing creativity in a ‘New Generation’architecture degree. Thinking
Skills and Creativity. 19. pp.210-218.
9

Oswald, D. and et.al., 2018. Exploring safety management challenges for multi-national
construction workforces: a UK case study. Construction management and
economics, 36(5), pp.291-301.
Patrick, A.D. and et.al., 2017, June. A Measure of Affect toward Key Elements of Engineering
Professional Practice. In ASEE annual conference & exposition proceedings.
Patten, B. and Saunders, H., 2018. Professional negligence in construction. Routledge.
Pelsmakers, S., 2019. The environmental design pocketbook. RIBA publishing.
Piber, A., 2018. wonderland–MANUAL FOR EMERGING ARCHITECTS. Birkhäuser.
Samad, N.A.A. and Said, I., 2017. Universal Design Approach for an Accessible Built
Environment through Legislation for Effective Implementation in Malaysia.
SAMAD, N.A.A., SAID, I. and RAHIM, A.A., 2018, October. Planning Accessibility Strategies
and Connectivity for Malaysian Urban Built Environment. In Transforming our World
Through Design, Diversity and Education: Proceedings of Universal Design and Higher
Education in Transformation Congress 2018 (Vol. 256, p. 367). IOS Press.
Sawer, M. and Vickers, J., 2016. Introduction: Political architecture and its gender impact.
In Federalism, feminism and multilevel governance (pp. 3-18). Routledge.
Sedik, D., Ulbricht, C. and Dzhamankulov, N., 2016. The architecture of food safety control in
the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union (No. 918-2016-72724).
Segrelles, J.D. and et.al., 2017. Virtualized Computational Environments on the cloud to foster
group skills through PBL: A case study in architecture. Computers & Education. 108.
pp.131-144.
Stirna, J., 2017, June. A comparative analysis of concepts for capability design used in capability
driven development and the NATO Architecture Framework. In International
Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering(pp. 27-38). Springer, Cham.
Toledo, L., Cropper, P. and Wright, A.J., 2016, July. Unintended consequences of sustainable
architecture: Evaluating overheating risks in new dwellings. PLEA (Passive and Low
Energy Architecture) Conference 2016.
Trad, A. and Kalpić, D., 2017. The business transformation and enterprise architecture
framework The London Interbank offered rate crisis-the model. The Business &
Management Review, 9(2), pp.67-76.
Van der Linden, V., Dong, H. and Heylighen, A., 2016. Capturing architects’ designerly ways of
knowing about users: Exploring an ethnographic research approach. Proceedings of DRS.
Viļuma, A. and Bratuškins, U., 2017. Barriers for use of wood in architecture: The Latvian
case. Architecture and Urban Planning, 13(1), pp.43-47.
Wallhagen, M., Malmqvist, T. and Eriksson, O., 2017. Professionals’ knowledge and use of
environmental assessment in an architectural competition. Building Research &
Information, 45(4), pp.426-442.
10