Architecture United States of America Analysis 2022

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ARCHITECTURE
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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................3
2. CASE STUDY........................................................................................................5
2.1 Tokyo in japan...................................................................................................5
2.2 Paris...................................................................................................................5
3. BEIJING.................................................................................................................6
3.1 Urban spatial structure and history...................................................................6
3.2 Development of rail transit network.................................................................8
3.3 Influence of rail transit on urban space...........................................................10
4.0 OVERALL ANALYSIS IN TERMS OF CITY LIFE.......................................13
5.0 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE STATEMENT...............................................14
6.0 REFERENCES...................................................................................................15

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
In the Wake of the twentieth century, a dramatic change was experienced in
transportation, with massive investment taking place in the infrastructure. In
particular, the construction of rail transit such as the metro system and urban light rail,
thereby contributing significantly to the various developments in the city. For
instance, the constructions aside from reducing the commutation time of the urban
residents, It greatly changed the spatial patterns, the employment distributions, and
the populations (Levy, 2016). Critically analyzing from the perspective of an urban
planner, rail transportation is significant in minimizing the commutation speed of the
city dwellers but also presents some unique opportunities and challenges on
metropolitan development.
A direct example is the United States of America 2050, the European Union
initiative polycentric metropolitan strategy, as well as several Asian nations which
view the rail transport as an essential factor in promoting sustainable growth in the
metropolitan regions. In a global perspective, the large scale high speed promotes
changes in the metropolis on a macro-level scale, while reshaping the look of the
urban ion a meso-level scale. Hence, the cross-regional transportation infrastructure is
key when it comes to regional cooperation as well as other administrative functions.
An instance also is china’s first five-year plan in the mid-twentieth century, which has
seen rail transport significantly advancing the nations industrialization process as well
as the tentative growth.
The already existing research has focused much more on the aspects such as
network configuration, transport efficiency, as well as job-housing spatial
relationship. For instance: with regards to the traffic analysis zones, frank and Pivo
described how a four-stage traditional transportation model predicts the traffic volume

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and traffic demand. Significantly, the major issues in this transportation model are to
enhance the mobility and the efficiency of the transport systems. In the years that
followed, more research was done based on the urban field, where scholars would
apply demographic data to come up with a simulation of both the current and future
travel behavioral. An analysis of the employment density data and the population, the
GIS technology support and the available census data was of great help in regards to
the transportation networks (Vuchic, 2017).
The literature of the present tends to lie on the side of traffic model
characteristics, network efficiency, and accessibility. Nonetheless, studies of the
social, spatial, and economic impacts of transportation comprehensively are still not
common. Against this background, this paper mainly focuses on the impact
mechanism of rail transit on urban space development, examine the impact efficiency
of urban rail transit on urban space development, and explore the gap between the
development status of rail transit and urban demand. It focuses on Beijing as a case
study, with a comparison of other cities that have deployed the rail transit system such
as Multicenter cluster space in japan, and Paris.