Argumentative Essay on Climate Change, Cooperation, and Policy

This argumentative essay compares and contrasts three articles focusing on climate change and international cooperation. It examines the role of public opinion, second-order beliefs, and the impact of interests and norms on climate policy. The essay highlights the significance of reciprocity strategies, economic sanctions, and linking climate issues with other global concerns to foster cooperation. It also explores how industry-specific costs, social norms, and individual perceptions influence support for climate action. The analysis covers various factors, including the influence of political actors, the importance of addressing both causes and consequences, and the potential of international agreements to mitigate the effects of global warming. The essay concludes by emphasizing the need for further research on the dynamics of public opinion and the development of effective climate policies to address the challenges posed by climate change.

Running head: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors note

1
The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast using all facts and solutions that are
mentioned in all the three articles, regarding climatic change that is interchangeably similar to
the global warming. There are different consequences that has been aroused from global
warming which is causing the climatic change that is further responsible for creating some severe
issues and negative effects to the environment that is very harmful in terms of the entire
humanity. For which the many laws and strategies are made in order to cope up with the issue
and to protect the environment that everyone in the world is living in universally (Mildenerger,
Matto, & Dustin, 2019). The authors of all the three articles have provided explanations
regarding the climatic issue and its after effects all over the world and how to mitigate or curb it,
which shows different precise arguable angles in terms of the solution of the issue, that are
different from traditional angle and have different interpretations in order to provide a global
improvement to the process.
Climate change is debatably the utmost menace for recent times and the biggest threat
that humanity has ever came across and in the verge to alleviate it there is significant antagonism
to the kind that would must be taken. In order to set out as evidently as possible the paths that are
taken to approach the inevitably contradicting indication on policy issue which are most
concerning like climate change. The process vehemently re-establish the principle that the
schemes are observed as most substantial when the following criteria like, contrary bits of
evidence, doubts, caveats are admitted. On the other hand public and politicians wants to listen
either all-or-nothing with no haws and hems in terms of the verdict (Hsiang, & Burke, 2014).
Consistently enough with the approaches it can be concluded that the human made climate
change is a matter to be concerned and worry to a great extent in all aspects; however, there are
ways and guidelines, which are fanciful and sensible in order to deal with this particular problem

2
or matter of issue regarding climate change. Although, the concept of global warming and the
concept of climatic change can easily be confused by people, as interchangeably the concept of
global warming is considered as one aspect of climate change. Although the concept of Climate
change is all about the cumulative changes over a period of time in the measures of the climate
or weather, and it happens because of all the human induced factors (Gosling, & Arnell, 2016).
However, the term Global warming is referred as the accumulation in the global temperatures
mainly because of the growing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. This defines
that these two concepts are different from each other. In the article of belief about climate belief:
group contingent benefits individuals costs are entailed by political actions, however some
inflated actions only deliver individualized profits after the contribution becomes extensive, as
the individualized protests are being performed by all the civil leaders and the ability of these
protestants totally be contingent among the number of people who took part in it. Also many
other climate reforms are been enacted by the governments of many nations regarding unilateral
climate (Ebi, et al. 2014). However, when the political activities involves individual costs
nonetheless collected liable welfares and contribution may need individuals to consider
themselves as a community fate member. In this case the founding of the political societies of
fate through the assortment of contemporary political matters may be contingent not only on first
individual beliefs, the over penetrating attention of political conduct and public opinion, also on
secondary credence, and personal perception of belief of others (Bunn, 2015). In terms of the
importance of secondary belief is that the danger of the growing the concentration of the global
greenhouse gas unabatedly to that level where the scientists states that risk of anthropogenic
climate change can be triggered, as inaction can persist climate change as well as across
advanced economies. The efforts of interconnecting the public preference distribution echo a

3
literature document that is diverse and in which the process is responsive and reliable to be the
mass public opinion (Van, et al. 2014).
In order to deal with the problem by addressing the causes along with the consequences
climate change poses the most preferable encounters to the humanity. Its cooperation faces some
particular problem as states requires to consider at least some set of policies and regulations
regarding the global problem of climate change. A solid solution to the problem could be the
policies, which are domestically of climatic policy (Van, et al. 2014). The strong support
regarding the global climate in several countries, support by some countries, however, it is
opposed by some other countries on the other hand. The argument is mainly on the fact that the
sector based interest as well as the presence of the internalized social norms shape the
international policy of climate and shares its popularity. After analysing different surveys data
for from different countries, it is found that the empirical help is the base of the argument
(Buhaug, et al. 2014). Employment related social norms as well as interests like, reciprocity and
at the same time the altruism precisely supports the general climate cooperation, as the vital
individual attach in order to know the consequences of the greenhouse gas and their intention to
provide the support regarding the environmental protection. Also in terms of the cost and
participation of similar features of climate agreements leveraging an experiment. The effects
regarding these features of climate agreements are significantly working in sectors with potent
level of greenhouse emanations and those employment sectors are less effected by pollution in
manner that are reliable with the theory (Brulle, 2014). However, the public opinion portion in
the content in all three article is same.
Also, as the believe the global cooperation is responsible for arousing the reciprocity
strategies, where it investigated that whether the people of the united states along with all other

4
twenty five countries in favour of the concept of reciprocity in the verge of dealing with the
changing of climate issue. Although to catch fervour regarding the intrinsic reciprocity, which
countries lessen their usage of fuels only in the case where the other countries will also do the
same effort for the protection of the climate. The people supporting policies and economic
sanction in contradiction of the polluters and are intended to make them feel shame for their act
in this field of problem and the climatic change issue in the global and international forum, as
they totally polluting an accord. In order to create climate commitments, cooperation happened
to emerge from actions like connecting the climate issue with all other issues (Bechtel, et al.
2019). However on the other hand the result of other article only offer an informative theoretical
characterization regarding the lines that underlie the help for climatic policies, and also delivers a
long term utmost debate regarding the preferable origins for policies aim towards public good
providence. The exploration of the materials as well as the behaviour basics for global
cooperation of environment is offering, as it is useful information specifically for the makers of
the policy who are interested in the state under which the people are intending to approve climate
cooperation. Both policies suggested all in all suggests that compensating the economical fear
climatic intensified change forms and targets cooperate which resonate with largely invariant
time and social norms that contributes to the lessening of the opposition to the agreements
globally as per the policy of the German government’s response to the policy of current protest
of powers of coal producers, which is merely against the climate tax for extreme polluting plants
of power producers (Atieri, & Nicholls, 2017). Instead of giving social norms and economic
interests as explanation of rivalry for political views differences. According to the study of both
the set factors might deliver better insights into the policy of individual sources among countries.
A research agenda of this sort is very much helpful in terms of understanding the situation in a

5
much better manner under which the government reaches the cooperative keys to global shared
action difficulties in the face of local political restraints (Arnell, & Gosling, 2016).
Hence, in conclusion it can be considered that three of the articles support sorts of
solutions for the issues caused by the climatic change and the effects of global warming. Human
persuaded climatic change has subsidised greatly to the altering patterns of extreme weather
fluctuations across the world. If evaluated from a broad perspective it can be seen that the all the
coming consequences are some or the other way linked to the climatic change, which has
changed the nature limits by shifting the odds effects. The second order belief recommends that
new avenues in terms of further research, as in basic knowledge in the field of rationales might
be an auspicious on political group behaviour among domain issues. The case of climate
condition, offers a theoretically characterised information in order to support the climates issues.
The condition and cooperation study delivers the suggestions of support for reciprocity in policy
areas, like international trade and arms control, which is centralised to future studies of global
cooperation.

6
References:
Altieri, M. A., & Nicholls, C. I. (2017). The adaptation and mitigation potential of traditional
agriculture in a changing climate. Climatic Change, 140(1), 33-45.
Arnell, N. W., & Gosling, S. N. (2016). The impacts of climate change on river flood risk at the
global scale. Climatic Change, 134(3), 387-401.
Bechtel, Michael M., Federica Genovese, and Kenneth F. Scheve. 2019. “Interests, Norms and
Support for the Provision of Global Public Goods: The Case of Climate Co-operation.”
British Journal of Political Science 49 (4): 1333-1355.
Brulle, R. J. (2014). Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of US climate
change counter-movement organizations. Climatic change, 122(4), 681-694.
Buhaug, H., Nordkvelle, J., Bernauer, T., Böhmelt, T., Brzoska, M., Busby, J. W., ... &
Goldstone, J. A. (2014). One effect to rule them all? A comment on climate and conflict.
Climatic Change, 127(3-4), 391-397.
Bunn, C., Läderach, P., Rivera, O. O., & Kirschke, D. (2015). A bitter cup: climate change
profile of global production of Arabica and Robusta coffee. Climatic Change, 129(1-2),
89-101.
Ebi, K. L., Hallegatte, S., Kram, T., Arnell, N. W., Carter, T. R., Edmonds, J., ... & Winkler, H.
(2014). A new scenario framework for climate change research: background, process, and
future directions. Climatic Change, 122(3), 363-372.
Gosling, S. N., & Arnell, N. W. (2016). A global assessment of the impact of climate change on
water scarcity. Climatic Change, 134(3), 371-385.

7
Hsiang, S. M., & Burke, M. (2014). Climate, conflict, and social stability: what does the
evidence say?. Climatic Change, 123(1), 39-55.
Mildenerger, Matto, and Dustin Tingley. 2019. “Beliefs about Climate Beliefs: The Importance
of Second-Order Opinions for Climate Politics.” British Journal of Political Science 49
(4): 1279-1307.
van Vuuren, D. P., & Carter, T. R. (2014). Climate and socio-economic scenarios for climate
change research and assessment: reconciling the new with the old. Climatic Change,
122(3), 415-429.
Van Vuuren, D. P., Kriegler, E., O’Neill, B. C., Ebi, K. L., Riahi, K., Carter, T. R., ... & Winkler,
H. (2014). A new scenario framework for climate change research: scenario matrix
architecture. Climatic Change, 122(3), 373-386.