Argumentative Essay | Article review on philosophy

Running head: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
Argumentative essay
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Article review on philosophy:
“The Problems of Philosophy” written by Bertrand Russell was published in 1912. Here, the
author attempts to generate accessible and brief guidance to various concerns related to philosophy.
Here, he claims that as the problems are focused, that would lead to constructive and positive
discussion. For this, the author emphasizes on knowledge instead of metaphysics. As this has been
uncertain that different external objects are there, the question arises on how one might know of that
through probability. No reason is left behind to make doubt of the presence of various external
objects just due to the sense data. On the other hand, the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
is composed of David Hume, the empiricist philosopher from Scotland. In 1748 this was published
in English. Besides, this has been the earlier of previous efforts named as “A Treatise of Human
Nature” by Hume. This was published anonymously in London from 1739-40. The author was
disappointed by the way the Treatise was received that "fell dead-born from the press". This is as per
the author have put that and tried repeatedly the dissemination of the more developed concepts for
the public through writing more polemical and shorter work. In the following study, a critical
analysis is done on the aforementioned texts.

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Article Name: “The Problems of Philosophy”
Author’s name: Bertrand Russell
As people go to sleep during the night, people dream. As one wakes from the dream, he now
understands that he is now back to reality. It is a matter of argument that how to do on know that
difference present between the world of dream and reality across that as one is awake. Here, the
study searches for the exact reality. In the study, Bertrand Russell has asked the readers to look
closely at the place where one considers the common sense regarding reality. For that, he points out
at the simple objects, the table and utilizes that as the beginning to explore a few important issued
faced by philosophers throughout the world. The writing is clear as a windowpane and the author
used copious daily instances for illustrating every point. Russell beings with the example of a desk.
There he asked whether he could understand with any sort of certainty and highlights that as the desk
in front is never as strong and is unchanging as it appears. The shape has been changing as per the
viewpoints as the shift in color with light and the texture is smooth as seen from distance and rugged
as seen with a microscope and many more. The authors have used that to lead to systematic doubt,
the system of Descartes which is not believing in anything till is quite certain that it is true. It is clear
that in doing that, it is helpful to reevaluate various things asked by common sense that is real and
true. It is asked that how people understand the sun would be rising again the next day. This has
been rising all day morning previously and one must provide answers based on laws of motion.
Nevertheless, in that case, one must need to ask whether one can know that anything can
happen easily since that occurred in a similar manner in the past countless times. Here, Russell has
provided a wonderful instance of the chicken having food from a human being daily till the person
kills it. The chicken is reasonable to intend food as per the previous happenings and more refined
perspectives as to nature’s uniformity have been helpful for the bird. He has used some kind of
detailed instances and the same languages for explaining different philosophical ideas and thinking

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ways like induction that begins from specific to arrive at the common principle and other particulars.
This also includes a deduction that goes from the common rules to others or to any specific. There he
provided fast portrayals of the philosopher’s view like Hegel and Kant prior to competing for the
summary of the value to study philosophy.
There he admits that various questions that are not answered yet and state that to be virtue
instead of a flaw. The interpretations have forms that can be thought of as an overall
misinterpretation. This has been without any support from Plato. The limitations of universals to the
abstractions that also excludes individuals can be considered as an arbitrary distinction through
which the author truncates the experiences. The logical mistake that must behold influences the
conception profoundly of a contrasting scenario of existence and universals. The dualism divorces
the logic and being of the universe from love and life. However, this seems to be fallacious and bear
a mere formulation of the popular type of prejudices that must go out with his great authority. Here,
the typical universal can be obviously the all-pervading pulse of Plato at one of desire and of
thought. The thing that he calls universals seems to only the barest type of an outline of a
substructure of the world and have a slight claim to the property of the pervasiveness and wholeness
marking the actual universal.
Thus in this review, the view of limits of the philosophical knowledge is highlighted. This
can be strongly agreed with various theological philosophers and can be accepted in a huge measure
of the author’s estimation of the value of the philosophy. This seems to be highly and finely
expressed. The thing that does not ensure that what application was in his mind as Russell censured
the philosophies identifying the universe that is never alien to self. For instance, the ideas of
Bradley, Hegel, Spinoza and Plato are equally described in the language, in phrase carrying the
author’s approval of the unity of self and not the self. It would be a serious mistake to censure the