Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics

Article Analysis and Evaluation of Research Ethics
Article Citation and
Permalink
(APA format)
Article 1
Salama, M. F., Jamal, W. Y., Al Mousa, H., Al-AbdulGhani, K. A., & Rotimi, V. O.
(2013). The effect of hand hygiene compliance on hospital-acquired infections in an
ICU setting in a Kuwaiti teaching hospital. Journal of infection and public
health, 6(1), 27-34.
Point Description
Broad Topic Area/Title Impact of adherence to HH on HAI in ICU setting
Problem Statement
(What is the problem research
is addressing?)
This research is mainly aiming to address the issue of low adherence to hand hygiene
(HH) recommendation. HH practice related to hand washing or use of alcohol based
hand sanitizers is one effective method to prevent hospital acquired infection (HAI)
As no research in Kuwait has investigated about the effect of HH on nosocomial
infection rate, this study aimed to assess the benefits of HH on infection rates in ICU
hospital settings.
Purpose Statement
(What is the purpose of the
study?)
The purpose of the study was to evaluate rate of compliance to HH before and after an
educational intervention and observe its effect on HAI rates using WHO observation
method.
Research Questions
(What questions does the
research seek to answer?)
The research question mainly seeks to find whether indication, opportunity and
actions supporting HH practice can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections in
hospital or not.
Define Hypothesis No hypothesis has been stated in the study. However, as per the variables used, it is
hypothesized that HH compliance and nosocomial infection will increase with the
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(Or state the correct hypothesis
based upon variables used)
implementation of educational intervention.
Identify Dependent and
Independent Variables and
Type of Data for the
Variables
The dependent variable in the study was the rate of HAI and the dependent variable
and the independent variable in the study included HH compliance and devices used.
The data were mostly quantitative data with HH compliance being recorded based on
number of actions, missed actions, opportunities and compliance rate. In addition, the
HAI rate was calculated based on overall HAI/1000 patient days. The calculation was
done separately for different stage of infection too.
Population of Interest for
Study
The population of interest for the study was HCWs in ICU setting.
Sample The sample for the study was medical team in the ICU consisting of 4 specialist
doctors, 2 registrars, an assistant matron, a head nurse and staff nurses
Sampling Method One of the drawback is that proper explanation regarding sampling style is missing. It
included 12 doctors and 26 nursing staffs members who took part in a Kuwait HH
Prevention Program
Identify Data Collection
Identify how data were
collected
In case of HH compliance, data was collected based on direct observation of health
care workers (HCWs) and compliance was measured by defining WHO’s five
moment of HH. All HCWs were unaware about the observation period. The data was
recorded based on job category. In addition, HAI rate was calculated using CDC
National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) System. Both device associated
infection and multidrug-resistance bacteria infection such as Clostridium difficile,
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and others were recorded. The HAI
calculation was done based on acquiring of infection post 48 hours of hospitalization
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