Benefits of Artificial Intelligence in Health and Social Care

This report explores the benefits of using artificial intelligence in the health and social care sector. It discusses how AI improves diagnosis, reduces costs, and enhances patient care. The report also highlights the importance of ethics, workforce education, and evidence-based regulation in accelerating the adoption of AI in Hackney.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 1
REPORT ON BENEFITS OF NEW TECHNOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
Name
Institution
Date
Course
Tutor
City/Sate

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 2
Executive summary
Advancements in technology have greatly impacted healthcare and social care globally. With its
outcomes of making what seemed impossible possible, technology has not lagged behind in the
health sector too. Artificial intelligence provides a new capacity to undertake diagnosis of
various diseases effectively. Many opportunities have been offered by technology in the
improvement of healthcare though the challenges of NHS have continually pinned down the
advancements. Genomics and precision medicine have been successfully integrated though the
full potential is yet to be realized. The potential of technology to deliver important savings to the
NHS is faced by a challenge that its services lack a strong track record in the implementation
area. Assessment of benefits and challenges then has to be considered before implementing new
technology advancements. Many people in the borough of Hackney have got little knowledge on
how technology is integrated with NHS and how the data is used to facilitate health research.
Introduction
Technological advancement in health and social care refer to programs are created to be used to
better health care provision both in hospitals and at homes (Everlyn and Lydia 2018 p. 165).
These advancements make it possible for some perceived difficulties to vanish as new
knowledge on the way to undertake health care is discovered. In the London borough of
Hackney, technological advancement and artificial intelligence have had significant benefits to
the population despite little knowledge on how the technology works (Blease 2019). In the past
some advances were made, integrated to NHS but they later failed to generate the desired
outcomes. Though this had happened, it is important to note that advances have not stopped

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 3
since it is always difficult to think of how the technology will work. Artificial intelligence has
also made it possible for some medical practices to be undertaken. The adoption of the new
technological advancements in Hackney have increased the well being of patients and the
general public since health care and social care has been greatly improved courtesy of
technology. Risk assessment and the prevalence of chronic diseases have been tracked down and
the data is used by researchers in the development of medicine and raising awareness on specific
levels, effects and dangers of certain pandemics.
How Artificial Intelligence works.
Artificial intelligence is not a very new concept since it is widely used in the entertainment
fields. It has not advanced to the level in which it is expected. The world health organization says
that artificial intelligence will help to reduce the number of people who are unable to access
healthcare. This technology gives computers the ability to learn reason and apply logic. The
various personnel involved work together to enter data and develop machine learning research
(Luxton 2014 p. 337). The data in the diagnosis fields and treatment are matched with the
catchment area language and cultural information which could be helpful in offering reliable and
safe health and social care.
With advancement of technology in the global business environment, the health care system has
been transformed greatly. According to ///, technology has increased the use of data and areas
such as artificial intelligence is now presenting huge opportunities that are greatly transforming
the healthcare while improving the quality of life for the global community. The same study also
denote that it has made the job of working within the clinical environment more rewarding and
effective, an aspect that calls for the enhancement of its potential and functionality. The areas of

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 4
artificial intelligence have several applications in different industries and the healthcare system
has not been left out. As a result, using technology not only increase efficiency but helps the
organization to tap into the system to increase service delivery and quality of care to patients.
In their study, Tuohy, Flood and Stabile (2014) denote that the processing power within the
artificial intelligence system can be applied in many area beyond the provision of simple
diagnosis for different health complications. It is essential in helping health professionals to
identify the level of severity if what the complication is with the patient. Therefore, it helps in
the provision of the insight as to why the patient is experiencing certain challenges or symptoms
depending on the complication within the body. In other words, it is essential in helping doctors
to decide on the most appropriate treatment that can be given to a particular patient depending on
their condition. For this reason, Nangla (2018) denote that artificial intelligence offers bright
future in the health care system that cannot just be reached in case the necessary infrastructure
are not in place to support its objectives and development within the local and global health
industry.
Benefits of AI in Hackney
Relative reduction of mortality rates
The artificial intelligence technology in the borough of Hackney has progressed through a series
of steps. Disease prevention is one of the areas where AI has contributed to the well being of the
Hackneans. In cases where the disease has already invaded, proper, accurate and effective
treatment is administered (Nangla 2018 p. 54). The medics have also been able to learn from the
past knowledge by assessing the outcomes of various actions taken. However it is not yet fully

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 5
effective systems should be introduced to enable medical personnel to attend to cases based on
the urgency to prevent more deaths.
Accurate and effective diagnosis
It has remained a challenge that medics diagnose patients wrongly in the entire globe. Since the
introduction of AI systems wrong diagnosis is slowly fading out in Hackney. This is because
systems that gives advice to people whether to seek medication or not is in place (Grosz and
Stone 2018 p. 69). Machines that can diagnose complex issues within minutes are in place for
example the IBM computer that diagnosed a leukemia Japanese patient within minutes by cross-
referencing 20 million oncology records.
Medical cost decrease.
Medical cost has over the centuries remained an unbearable burden in the globe and Hackney has
not been an exceptional. This used to happen because of wrong diagnosis and treatment of
ailments (Banifatemi 2018) that do not exist. Technology advancement has made medical cost
relatively cheap since at a single diagnosis an ailment is identified and instantly treated therefore
waste of money having all the sicknesses tested has come to an end. Trends that can easily go
unnoticed when human diagnosis is used are now easy to spot and appropriate interventions are
made. AI sifts through laboratory data and reports to arrive at the appropriate end results.
Reduction of fatigue related errors.
Human errors that occur in the medical field are very costly. This is because not only resources
are wasted but also human life is endangered greatly. Fatigue has always been overlooked as a
result of activities undertaken which has most often turned out to be soar since it is later

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 6
discovered that the fatigue is a sign of an impending disease (Radick 2017 p. 23). Overworking
is another major source of fatigue where medics can attend to patients because it is a routine and
fail to effectively accord the necessities required. In Hackney after the introduction of Artificial
intelligence systems fatigue has been greatly reduced since most tasks are just keyed in and the
computers process the requirements.
Use of therapeutic robots
Pets caring are of great help since it contributes positively to human health. Condtions such as
blood pressure and anxiety are greatly reduced since social interaction between people and the
environment is of significant importance. Animals and robots used for therapy (Davenport and
Ronanki 2018) are very important in Hackney since the quality of life is improved mostly in
places where people are lonely and have no close people to share their intimate lives with.
Movement assistive devices.
Movement devices are of great help in cases where immobility has occurred. Through artificial
intelligence individuals who are unable to move can now move by the use of these devices.
Mobility issues affect many mainly after stroke, spinal dislocations, diabetes foot ulcer which
prompts amputation and other complications. The AI technology (Marvin 2019) has seen the
invention of devices that help to ensure the limitations associated with these problems are
limited. In Hackney borough as well as many other parts of the world, rehabilitation has been
done by the use of artificial intelligence (Tuohy, Flood and Stabile 2014)compared to a decade
ago where nurses are the ones to provide training and ensure movement ability is upheld.
Reduced number of surgeries

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 7
Surgery in has remained the most complex problem in the medical sector. It contributes to higher
chances of mortality an aspect that instills fear to patients and many die due to stress once
surgical activities are mentioned as part of their recovery process. With the recent AI technology
it is possible to screen an individual and show them what exactly needs to be done in their body
systems (Viglione and Deputy 2017 p. 26). Chances of conditions that may advance to surgery in
the future are spotted in the early stages hence possible to eliminate them early without
necessarily performing surgery. This has seen a dramatic decline of the number of the patients
that go for surgery in Hackney in the past decade. Some surgeries are even conducted easily
since they are intercepted at when still minor an aspect that has reduced trauma and blood loss.
Radiology has improved.
Scanners such as Computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has been
of great help since their introduction in 1971 and 1977 respectively. These machines can scan the
entire body of a human being to expose any threats. Since the millennium (Wider 2017) Heart
and body MRI has been a routine to follow in most of the health facilities around Hackney
borough. The machines used are able to detect specific conditions and at the same time analyze
scanning results so as to arrive at an amicable conclusion on how to administer medication.
Virtual presence
This is an Artificial intelligence where medical personnel and health care providers are able to
engage with patients and other members of staff without having to be necessarily there to make
things work or move on. This is achieved through the use of remote control robots which will
undertake the actions they are guided to (Juliben 2019 p. 358). The robots are able to move about

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 8
as instructed an aspect that makes it possible for medics to attend to patients who may not be in a
position to travel to see doctors.
How to accelerate Artificial Intelligence
Adherence to Ethics
When ethics related to artificial intelligence are developed, more people will be able to develop
trust with these devices. The healthcare professionals should be engaged with an aim of enabling
them to protect the privacy of the patients. Ethical framework as well as transparency should be
key factors to inculcate in the medics so as they are able to explain clearly to the patients
anything they may demand to know after screening (Bhavaraju 2018 p. 1271). Use of patient’s
data to develop research sounds unethical and a majority of patients would not be pleased to hear
that their data has been tabled as the main discussion for a research to be undertaken. The general
public should also be educated on the basics of understanding AI outcomes in the various areas
in which it is undertaken. The problems that need a solution are also developed at the moment
when the public is involved so as to make them own up the idea. These strategies will increase
the impact (Hui Li and Hilsenrath 2016) of AI practices in Hackney where they have lagged
behind for quite some time.
Educating the workforce
When the level of AI workforce is increase in Hackney, the efficiency increases by a reasonable
percentage. Having a few educated individuals to facilitate the work of the technology deprives
the AI in the entire borough the ability to undertake the conditions facing the entire population
(Serah 2019 p. 222) Capacity building is very important as it educate a larger group of people at

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 9
the same including those in the community an aspect that will increase the impact of AI in the
borough. Basic education is passed to the entire lot, technical education to the technical team and
management of data as well as the technology to the senior managers so as to increase the
effectiveness of each individual in there is of specialization. As the education is being passed on,
accuracy in the handling of information or data pertaining to patients (Walsh and Groarke 2019)
is inculcated an aspect that will make prompt computer designers to take up these positions so as
to minimize errors associated with keying in data. When the correct data is entered, correct
diagnosis is arrived at and finally the correct medication and advises are given to the patients.
Keeping evidence of effectiveness and regulation
Evidences of how effective the technology has been should be kept ready in most of the Hackney
health facilities so as make it easy for the medics to explain whenever questions are posed on
them by inquisitive patients (Hlavac, Beagley and Zucchi 2018 p. 122). This can be done by
mounting the evidences on walls using soft boards. The members of the public will then be able
to read and believe in the effectiveness of the technology. The display of representatives
comments will also increase the impact of the technology especially comments from global
figures and also from the local borough of Hackney. Regulation of how the technology is used
should be practiced by the medics to minimize scaring the patients. This is because some of the
medics if they have no proper education on the subject of the use of the technology they may
tend to instill fear on the patients an aspect that will lead to lose of impact and even defaming the
technology (Huang and Rust 2017 p. 913). Attendants of the machines should also be regulated
so as to encourage development of a relationship with the patients instead of having a new
individual in a short span of time which puts off patients from sharing with the medics on their
progress in the process of recovery.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 10
Funding the technological development
Financial constraints have remained a major cause of ineffectiveness of the Artificial intelligence
in Hackney. Some of the very best technology machines fail to work due to inability of the health
facilities to maintain them. All the causes of continued prevalence of diseases (Whitten 2014) in
the borough revolve around financial instability in the health sector. Though the national
government allocates funds to run the sector, the money isn’t enough to settle all the
requirements of drugs and technology advancements. Due to the reduced cost of health care,
patients have greatly benefitted by the burden now lies on the government. This means majority
of the health care facilities end up being at risks since government agencies concerned with the
budget allocate little amounts to the facilities which is insufficient to deal with the ever
increasing cases of pandemics. The technology in the borough demands for training of people to
operate the machines. This means that computer experts (Mohammed 2013) are required to
ensure smooth running of all the technology so as to serve the people of the borough. If
appropriate funding is not undertaken, then waste of resources will be inevitable.
Recommendations
Following the introduction of Artificial intelligence (AI) and related technology, health and
social care has been greatly improved over the past two decades. This means that the technology
should be embraced in the borough of Hackney so as to ensure the prevalence of diseases is dealt
with in the borough just as it is dealt with in the parts of the world. Immense benefits such as
proper diagnosis, development of assistive movement devices, reduced number of surgeries etc
have come along with the AI technology therefore members of the public as well as medical

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 11
practitioners should be made aware of the benefits by raising awareness. Training or education of
all the people should be done with an aim of inculcating the importance of the technology unto
them and also teaching the medics how to use the equipments as well as guiding them on the
management and regulation. Ethical issues in the concern of how the equipment is used and the
input and output of data should be inculcated so as to help members of the borough to gain
confidence and trust in the effectiveness of the technology. Rehabilitation in cases where
assistive devices have to be used should be manned enough through virtual presence in cases
where patients cannot be able to travel to see a doctor or to undertake training. Considering the
challenges of finance facing the health sector in the borough, adequate financing should be done
to ensure effectiveness in the sector. This will help to ensure the technological advancements are
effective through Hackney.
Conclusion
Artificial intelligence has come with greater possibilities and it provides a new capacity to
undertake diagnosis of various diseases effectively. Many opportunities have been offered by
technology in the improvement of healthcare though the challenges of NHS have continually
pinned down the advancements. This has not stopped technology in the sector. The benefits of
technology have made it possible for pandemics prevalences reduction. The benefits include
reduced number of surgeries, introduction of movement devices, proper diagnosis etc which have
contributed to the improvement of health in the borough. Education of those involved in the
processes of technological maintenance has seen an increase in the acceleration of the
technology advancement. The locals have also been able to develop trust on the Artificial
intelligence capabilities since the privacy of their information is assured. Financing of the health

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 12
sector is also an important aspect that when keen interest is taken on, the advancements in
technology will be of greater help to the people of Hackney.
List of References

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 13
Banifatemi, A. (2018) ‘Can We Use AI for Global Good?’, Communications of the ACM, 61(10),
pp. 8–9. doi: 10.1145/3264623.
Bhavaraju, S. R. (2018) ‘From subconscious to conscious to artificial intelligence: A focus on
electronic health records’, Neurology India, 66(5), pp. 1270–1275. doi: 10.4103/0028-
3886.241377.
Blease, C (2019) ‘Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Primary Care: Exploratory Qualitative
Study of UK General Practitioners’ Views’, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(3), p.
N.PAG. doi: 10.2196/12802.
Davenport, T. H. and Ronanki, R. (2018) ‘Artificial Intelligence for the Real World. (cover
story)’, Harvard Business Review, 96(1), pp. 108–116. Available at:
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=126919992&site=ehost-live
(Accessed: 13 April 2019).
Everlyn S. and Lydia Y (2018) ‘Voice Horizons, Part 3’, Journal of Singing, 75(2), pp. 163–169.
Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=eft&AN=132843420&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 13 April 2019).
Grosz, B. J. and Stone, P. (2018) ‘A century-long commitment to assessing artificial intelligence
and its impact on society’, Communications of the ACM, 61(12), pp. 68–73. doi:
10.1145/3198470.
Hlavac, J., Beagley, J. and Zucchi, E. (2018) ‘Applications of policy and the advancement of
patients’ health outcomes through interpreting services: data and viewpoints from a major public

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 14
healthcare provider’, Translation & Interpreting, 10(1), pp. 111–136. doi:
10.12807/ti.110201.2018.a07.
Huang, M.-H. and Rust, R. (2017) ‘Technology-driven service strategy’, Journal of the Academy
of Marketing Science, 45(6), pp. 906–924. doi: 10.1007/s11747-017-0545-6.
Hui Li and Hilsenrath, P. (2016) ‘Organization and Finance of China’s Health Sector: Historical
Antecedents for Macroeconomic Structural Adjustment’, Inquiry (00469580), 53, pp. 1–8. doi:
10.1177/0046958015620175.
Juliben K. (2019) ‘Artificial intelligence in healthcare robots: A social informatics study of
knowledge embodiment’, Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology,
70(4), pp. 351–369. doi: 10.1002/asi.24145.
Luxton, D. D. (2014) ‘Artificial intelligence in psychological practice: Current and future
applications and implications’, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. (Telepractice),
45(5), pp. 332–339. doi: 10.1037/a0034559.
Marvin, R. (2019) ‘The Future Issue: What Tech Will Look Like in 2039’, PC Magazine, pp.
97–118. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=buh&AN=133694402&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 13 April 2019).
Mohammed, E (2013) ‘Knowledge and utilization of computer among health workers in Addis
Ababa hospitals, Ethiopia: computer literacy in the health sector’, BMC Research Notes, 6(1),
pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-106.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 15
Nangla, K. (2018) ‘Artificial Intelligence and Health Insurance’, Journal of the Insurance
Institute of India, 6(2), pp. 56–62. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=buh&AN=135589505&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 13 April 2019).
Radick, L. E. (2017) ‘Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: The Current, Compelling Wave of
Interest’, Healthcare Executive, 32(5), pp. 21–28. Available at:
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=124805405&site=ehost-live
(Accessed: 13 April 2019).
Serah N. (2019) ‘Toward a Common Agenda for the Public and Private Sectors to Advance
Digital Health Communication’, American Journal of Public Health, 109(2), pp. 221–223. doi:
10.2105/AJPH.2018.304806.
Tuohy, C. H., Flood, C. M. and Stabile, M. (2014) ‘How Does Private Finance Affect Public
Health Care Systems? Marshaling the Evidence from OECD Nations’, Journal of Health
Politics, Policy & Law, 29(3), pp. 359–396. doi: 10.1215/03616878-29-3-359.
Viglione, J. and Deputy, D. (2017) ‘Your Tax Data Is Ripe for Artificial Intelligence. Are You
Prepared? Al is still evolving, but machine learning is already here’, Tax Executive, 69(5), pp.
24–30. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=buh&AN=125572226&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 13 April 2019).
Walsh, J. C. and Groarke, J. M. (2019) ‘Integrating behavioral science with mobile (mHealth)
technology to optimize health behavior change interventions’, European Psychologist.
(Adjustment to Chronic Illness), 24(1), pp. 38–48. doi: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000351.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 16
Whitten, P. (2014) ‘Interactive Health Communication Technologies in the Public Health Sector:
Positive Perceptions Still Outpace Actual Utilization’, Journal of Technology in Human
Services, 22(3), pp. 25–40. doi: 10.1300/J017v22n03_02.
Wider, J. (2017) ‘Clinical analytics consultation’, Health Management Technology, pp. 1–6.
Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=buh&AN=123359369&site=ehost-live (Accessed: 13 April 2019).

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE HEALTH SECTOR 17