Artificial Intelligence In Medicine

This report focuses on artificial intelligence and its impact on medicine. Two aspects of the research have been highlighted in this report. Four reviewed articles have been summarised as a part of literature review of the concerned topic. The peer reviewed articles that has been used are based on the application of artificial intelligence in the cardiovascular diseases. In addition to this, utilisation of artificial intelligence is highlighted in the diagnosis and treatment of leukaemia. AI technologies can help to diagnose the signs faster than the normal clinicians. However, there are problems in the accuracy; level for the data given by such devices. A speculation is done on the basis of prevalent ethical norms that may give rise to issues in trust and moralities during the utilisation of AI.

Running head: Professional research and communication
PROFESSIONAL RESEARCH AND COMMUNICATION
Artificial Intelligence In Medicine

Professional research and communication2
Table of contents
Part A...............................................................................................................................................3
An abstract.......................................................................................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Two aspects of topic........................................................................................................................3
Aspect of society..............................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
Reference list...................................................................................................................................9

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Part A
An abstract
The report focuses on artificial intelligence and its impact on medicine. Two aspects of
the research have been highlighted in this report. Four reviewed articles have been summarised
as a part of literature review of the concerned topic. The peer reviewed articles that has been
used are based on the application of artificial intelligence in the cardiovascular diseases. In
addition to this, utilisation of artificial intelligence is highlighted in the diagnosis and treatment
of leukaemia. AI technologies can help to diagnose the signs faster than the normal clinicians.
However, there are problems in the accuracy; level for the data given by such devices. A
speculation is done on the basis of prevalent ethical norms that may give rise to issues in trust
and moralities during the utilisation of AI.
Introduction
The current report sheds light on two important fields of IT and society. The report
highlights the use of artificial intelligence in medicine. The report will focus on two aspects of
the topic, namely artificial intelligence from IT and medicine as a social aspect. The report
summarises four peer reviewed article that will be based on the use of artificial intelligence in the
medicinal field. The research articles that are selected are summarised based on research
questions, motivations of researchers and types of research studies conducted in previous
arrangements.
Two aspects of topic
The area of IT

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The area of IT that has been chosen is the artificial intelligence. As viewed by McQuail
& Windahl (2015), artificial intelligence is the method of developing computer systems that can-
do tasks, which otherwise would require human help. There are number of real life examples of
artificial intelligence, such as self driving cars, ASIMO, chat bots, computer games and
navigation. As stated by Simpson (2015), there can be both weak and strong artificial
intelligence. Machines which are designed with weaker specifications are often unable to take
critical decisions and work in an autonomous manner, which is a guiding concept of artificial
intelligence. On other hand, machines which are made with the strong artificial intelligence can
able to think like a human (Hargie, 2016).
There is rare amount of real life examples of strong artificial intelligence; however best
representation can be made through the imaginary concepts of Hollywood movies that are used
to portray their simulations and robots. There is a test name Turing test which is being developed
to determine the level of intelligence a computer is having. As viewed by Petersonet al. (2014),
healthcare, medicine, perfect lawyer, music are some areas which evidences the future of
artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is the use of software and algorithms in the analysis
of complex medical data. As stated by Noor, Kamardi&Ahmi (2016), artificial intelligence is
helpful to reduce human casualties in field of natural disaster, car accidents, and dangerous
workspaces. Some of the daily activities are also being done by the artificial intelligence, such as
cleaning, shopping and transportation.
Aspect of society
The chosen social aspect in IT research is medicine. Medicines deal with the practice of
diagnosis, prevention of disease and promotion of the heath. As suggested by Shehata, Ellis, &
Foster (2015), medications. Drugs and other such substances are used to treat and cure disease so

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that health can be promoted. As stated by Friesset al. (2017), there are two basic types of medical
training that a person can take which includes allopathic and osteopathic. Artificial intelligence is
implemented in the field of medicines to improve the well being of the society. As demonstrated
by Wanget al. (2017), there are always some risks in taking medicines without having enough
knowledge regarding the medicines. As opined by Shen, Lyytinen &Yoo (2015), it is significant
that one should think about the risks before taking medicine. This is further concurred by Kayeet
al. (2015), who state that ingestion of safe drugs can also create adverse side effects. These
effects are prominent when a prescribed medication is made to interact with additional drugs or
alcohol, thereby giving rise to drug poisoning. In order to reduce the risk of the reactions, it is
necessary that one should take the medicines correctly. As stated by Paulet al. (2016), one should
be more careful while giving medicines to children; this is due to the reason that children are
more vulnerable with the effects of medicines.
In almost every field artificial intelligence has been used including medicine. As
commented by Byström(2016), modern medicine is failing challenges of acquiring, applying and
analysing knowledge that is necessary to solve some of the strong clinical problems. As viewed
by Henseler, Hubona& Ray (2016), diagnosis is being dines with the help of artificial
intelligence. This is helpful for the clinicians.
Summarise four academic papers
Paper 1
In the article “Artificial intelligence on Precision Cardiovascular medicine” use of
artificial intelligence in evolution of cardiovascular medicine has been discussed. There are no
specific research questions that are developed by the researcher in the concerned article. The
article has revealed that AI is being used in cardiovascular medicine in order to explore the new

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genotypes as well as phenotypes in the disease which are already existing (Krittanawonget al.
2017). The motivations of the researcher were to reduce the traditional CV risk factors. In the
field of image recognition, deep- learning AI is a technique that is being majorly played by
prominent healthcare practices. The researcher was motivated to know the traditional statistics
and the machine learning. The researcher was motivated to know the big data that are not being
searched, interpreted or stored using the traditional data processing methods (Krittanawonget al.
2017). The researcher has used the secondary data analysis for doing this research work.
Machine language has also being discussed in the research in mitigating the issues of the CV.
supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning has been discussed in the articles along
with the limitations.
Paper 2
In the article “Artificial intelligence as a medical device in radiology: ethical
and regulatory issues in Europe and the United States” the researcher has analysed the state of
AI regulations in the context of the medical devices development . The researcher is motivated in
knowing the challenges of AI in medicine and radiology (Pesapaneet al. 2018). The researcher
has revealed that precautionary principle approach and permission less innovation approach that
can help in regulating the AI systems in medicine. The researcher has focused on approaches of
United States and Europe in the current research. In addition, the researcher has not mentioned
any specific research questions in the research work. The researcher has used secondary data to
fulfil the objective of the research paper (Pesapaneet al. 2018). The researcher has also
concluded that despite having challenges to face in medicines and radiology, AI is significant in
this field. AI based device help to reflect the ethical standards of medicines that have been

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noticed in medicinal sector. On the other hand unethical of the illegal use of this technology can
be harmful for the society.
Paper 3
In the article “Intelligent Techniques Using Molecular Data Analysis in Leukaemia: An
Opportunity for Personalized Medicine Support System” the researcher has highlighted the use
of intelligent artificial methods that uses the analysis of molecular data in the leukaemia patients.
As stated by Banjaret al. (2017), this is an opportunity for developing the personalised medicine
support system. The researcher has not developed particular research question for carrying out
the research. The researcher has carried out a systematic search to identify the study using
intelligence techniques among leukaemia patient (Banjaret al. 2017). However, future
advancement in case of leukaemia is essential to develop molecular models that can use the
advanced methods of machine learning. Overall 10 databases have been searched in Scopus,
Medline, EMBASE, digital library and IEEExplore. Appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria
are used to select journals based on the given topic. 55 total studies have been reviewed in these
articles. The motivations of the researcher include, identification of the advancement in the
leukaemia treatment using the artificial intelligence. Banjaret al. (2017) stated that personalised
medicine support will improve the treatment of leukaemia. The review has been done based on
recent development of PMSS and the study based on the molecular data analysis in leukaemia.
Paper 4
In the article “Use of artificial intelligence techniques for diagnosis of malignant pleural
mesothelioma” the researcher has focused on use of artificial intelligence for diagnosing the
disease named malignant pleural mesothelioma. No research questions have been developed in
the research paper by the researcher. The objective of the research includes the epidemiological

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studies in Turkey(Er, Tanrikulu&Abakay, 2015). This is difficult in Turkish village due to the
low level of environmental exposure. The researcher has used secondary research method and
has accumulated relevant datasets of malignant pleural mesothelioma. These datasets are
obtained from faculty of medicines databases based on the patient’s hospital reports. The
researcher has revealed that there is 97.75% o accuracy performance that is developed by the
artificial immune system. The machine learning based decision support system has been
discussed by the decision support system. In the dataset used, includes the dataset of 324 patients
that suffers from the variety of malignant Pleural metliothema (Er, Tanrikulu&Abakay, 2015)..
The artificial immune system made by AI equipments can be utilised in artificial neural network.
The researcher has also used some algorithms to research the conclusion. AIS algorithm was
better for the researcher than NN algorithm.
Conclusion
Thus, based on the discussion it can be concluded that AI has increase the hope of
making the treatment process in the some disease easier. AI system is used in cardiovascular
systems, radiology, leukaemia and MPS. A limitation of this study is the absence of primary
research that could have provided ample empirical observation. However, researchers are trying
to implement the AI system in the other disease as well. This would decrease the mortality rate
of the persons due to various deadly diseases.

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