Aspects of Contract

Aspects of Contract

Table of Contents
1.1 Essential Elements:.............................................................................................................................4
Different essential elements of a valid contract:.....................................................................................4
1. Offer and Acceptance......................................................................................................................4
2. Intention to Create Legal Relationship............................................................................................4
3. Certainty of Meaning.......................................................................................................................4
Offer:.......................................................................................................................................................4
Acceptance:.............................................................................................................................................5
Case: Carlill v carbolic smoke ball co [1893]...............................................................................................5
Fact:.........................................................................................................................................................5
Held:........................................................................................................................................................5
Intent:......................................................................................................................................................5
1.2 Unilateral and Bilateral Contracts:.........................................................................................................6
1. Unilateral Contract:.............................................................................................................................6
2. Bilateral Contracts:..............................................................................................................................6
1.2.1 under Seal (Deed) and simple contracts:........................................................................................6
1.2.2 Written contracts and verbal contracts:.........................................................................................6
Written contract:.....................................................................................................................................6
1.2.3 Face to face and Distance Selling Contract :...................................................................................7
Face to face contract:..............................................................................................................................7
Distance selling:.......................................................................................................................................7
Written contract :....................................................................................................................................7
Contract by conduct:...............................................................................................................................7
1.3 Express terms and Implied terms:.........................................................................................................8
TERM:......................................................................................................................................................8
KINDS OF TERMS:....................................................................................................................................8
Implied Terms:.........................................................................................................................................8
Express Terms:.........................................................................................................................................8
1.3.1 Conditions, Warranties and Innominate terms:..............................................................................8
Conditions:..............................................................................................................................................8

Warranties:..............................................................................................................................................8
Innominate terms:...................................................................................................................................9
2.1essential elements to the scenario:........................................................................................................9
Scenario:..................................................................................................................................................9
3. Exclusion clause :...............................................................................................................................10
4. Warranties:........................................................................................................................................10
5. Conditions:.........................................................................................................................................10
2.3 remedies are available to Eric :............................................................................................................10
1. Cash DAMAGES..................................................................................................................................10
(a) Methods of Computing.................................................................................................................11
(1) Expectation intrigue.....................................................................................................................11
(2) Reliance intrigue...........................................................................................................................11
3) Restitution intrigue........................................................................................................................11
3.1 Contrast liability in tort with contractual liability:...............................................................................12
1. Result of agreement..........................................................................................................................12
2. Result of law......................................................................................................................................12
3.2 nature of liability in negligence:..........................................................................................................12
Negligence:............................................................................................................................................12
3.3 business can be vicariously liable:.......................................................................................................13
Vicarious liability:..................................................................................................................................13
Professional negligence:........................................................................................................................14
4.1. Element of Tort of Negligence............................................................................................................15
4.2 Application of the Law.........................................................................................................................15
References:............................................................................................................................................16

1.1 Essential Elements:
Different essential elements of a valid contract:
1. Offer and Acceptance.
In order to create a valid contract, there must be a 'lawful offer' by one party and 'lawful acceptance' of
the same by the other party.
2. Intention to Create Legal Relationship.
In case, there is no such intention on the part of parties, there is no contract
3. Capacity of parties. The parties to an agreement must be competent contract.
According the following persons are incompetent to contract.
(a) Miners, (b) Persons of unsound mind, and
(c) persons disqualified by law to which they are subject.
3. Certainty of Meaning.
According to Section 29,"Agreement the meaning of
which is not Certain or capable of being made certain are void.
The three elements for the valid contract are:
• There must be Offer and acceptance
• There is intent for making the legal relation
• There must be Consideration
Offer: