Assessing Population Health: Obesity, Mental Health, Alcohol Abuse, Substance Use and More

This report assesses the health needs of the Borough community, including obesity, mental health, alcohol abuse, substance use, and more. It covers key sources of community health, such as secondary data and well-being information, and provides evidence in the form of percentages.

Assessing Population Health.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
The health of the population is generally defined as the status of well-being and its
outcomes among a group of people instead of considering the well-being of an individual at a
time. While assessing the population's health can specifically involve measuring, observing,
investigating, and rendering the public health information. The population health can include the
intelligence and knowledge about the people's well-being status, consisting of the social
determinants of health and its disparities. In this report, we are considering Borough as a
community. This report will cover the health community needs assessments that are specifically
on top, such as obesity, mental health, alcohol abuse, substance use, and many more. There is a
discussion regarding the health needs assessments to determine community well-being
requirements so that specific interventions can be made to overcome the health issues (Barile and
Agner, 2020). In this report, it will cover the key sources of the community health such as the
secondary data and its well-being information that has been used to illustrate the evidences in the
form of percentages.
BACKGROUND
Community health needs evaluation is defined as an organized process that explicitly
includes the community to identify and analyse the health need in the Borough. Evaluation of the
health needs generally provides a pathway for the district to prioritize the well-being
requirements. This can involve planning and acting over the community's health needs especially
not met. The assessment can provide organizations ample evidence about the current well-being
status, its need, and its issues in the Borough community. This specific information can aid in
developing the health improvement plan of a community by simply justifying how and where the
well-being resources must be placed to meet the best community health needs. With the help of
assessment, the community can aid in establishing the priorities of a program, its objectives, and
its goals. These can assist in enhancing the understanding of the social service and health needs
among the other communities that provide the services such as Barking and Dagenham.
Furthermore, community health profiles are generally made up of the indicators such as socio-
demographic characteristics, the well-being status, and the quality of life. The health profiles can
involve the risk factors that are associated with health and its resources, which are considered in
various communities across world. As it can give a base for comparing the two different
communities. Through health profiles, determination of various health issues along with its

potential solutions can be effectively done. The indicators can give the primary descriptive data,
which can inform the priority settings and the explication of the information so that prevention
can be taken in order to reduce the prevalence of obesity. The community health profiles are
used to determine capabilities, imperfections, needs, and issues within a community to make
decisions about particular well-being services. Furthermore, the health profiles are also used to
justify the resources allocation. In context with Borough, the health assessment is generally a
target for health disparities and the quality of life. (Reese et al., 2021).
Monitoring can effectively prevent the adverse well-being effects and severe illness
within a population to effectively provide health services. Monitoring the population's health is
quite useless without public health reporting. The specific goal of reporting the population health
is to convey the health state of the whole population to all who generally need to know and to
encourage both the phase such as preparatory and evaluative of the health policymaking and the
planning of health care as well.
MAIN BODY
A community health profile is an overall assembling of all shreds of evidence about a
particular community. Various health issues specifically impact the population in Borough,
England. Some of these are obesity, mental health, which can affect people worst and the worse
cases among them are even leads to death. It is determined from the health survey that about
28% of the adults in England are getting obese or fall under the category of overweight (Obesity
Statistics, 2021). In this, obesity can be analysed by having the basal mass index of the human
body is 30 or above it. Obesity can affect the population as an outcome of a low diet and an
unhealthy lifestyle, such as consuming a large amount of processed food or fast food, which are
eventually high in sugar and fat. In this, drinking too much alcohol is also a reason that people
are getting obese day by day, as it can consist of a lot of calories, which can result in overweight.
In this, the percentage of the demographic region specifically affected by obesity within England
involves about 62% of the adults, including the people aged 18 and above, who fall under the
overweight category. About 67% of the adults in England were obese, and these are the highest
percentage out of all the ethnic groups (International Health Care System Profiles England,
2020).
Moreover, the adult people were generally more liable than the average to be obese. In
addition to this, the influence of deprivation over the obesity rates in England is more profoundly

concerning, with children or adults in the deprived regions. In this, the impact of poverty on
obesity in childhood is quite alarming. As children and older people are more exposed to the
cause of obesity in England. Such as the age group that is most likely to be considered obese is
under the age of 65 to 74. The prevalence of obesity is above 70% among all the age groups
above 45. this, the adult age group are least likely to be obese comes under 16 to 25 years old,
with approximately 56% at an average weight and about 35% obese. It is determined that obesity
levels among females are high compared with males, while males are overweight but not obese
more than females. These proportions can vary with age. In context with Borough, the
community also rose in childhood obesity rates but not compared with other neighbourhoods
such as Barking and Dagenham. These two communities have elevated proportions of obesity
among childhood within London and England. Furthermore, the proportions of the life that is
spent in a good well-being generally varies among the London Boroughs. Some of the Boroughs
have relatively increased life expectancy but a reduced proportion of this is mainly spent healthy.
In context with Borough, adults generally face less issues regarding weight as compared
with children. But there are no alterations in the physical activity in between the state level and
the national level among people. At the level of Borough, the number of children is mainly
classed under obese category are quite increased in east and east London. Daily physical activity
has been found to be highly advantageous to the physical and mental health and well-being.
Among children's, it can enhance both the learning and attainment. This is the only reason that
the government has sets the targets for both the children and adult people as well to be more
active. The south and west Borough of the capital had fared a lot high, with various levels of
activity that is above 80%. The physical activity is mainly limited for about 15% of all the people
residing in Borough who contain disability, and more could have a damage or the long-term
disease which can specifically limits their activity. It is determined from the study that there are
comparatively strong correlations at Borough level among the weight issues, inactivity’s as well
as mainly in reduced levels of walking and cycling. On the other hand, among children, there are
some of the laws of similarity among physical inactivity and the childhood weight issues for the
Boroughs, but the information’s are not directly parallel due to various different age groups (The
London Intelligence Health and wellbeing, 2019). Moreover, the main reason for the prevalence
of obesity within Borough and England is reduced economic conditions as the transitions among
the nutritional amount can explicitly affect the people. In this, the dietary changes are generally

the combination of enhanced access towards food and reduced physical activities. It has been
determined to be a primary risk factor for developing more chronic illness and obesity in
Borough and England. Other determinants of health are more prone to the prevalence of obesity
such as education, neighbourhood, family, occupational status, and many more (Ashdown-
Franks et. al., 2020). In contrast with education, it plays an important role in obesity, as the level
of education increases, the rate of obesity specifically reduces. The people who generally do not
complete their education had the elevated numbers of obesity such as 35%, whereas the people
who had completed their education had less numbers comparatively to the people who do not
such as 32%. There is a correlation among the health and education that may mirrors the three
possible components of the relationships such as a causal link that is running from enhanced
education towards enhanced well-being, a reverse casual relation that depicts that improved well-
being leads to greater education. In addition to this, an absence of the casual relationship among
the health and education that appear to be correlated because of the possible unobserved factors
that affects both the education and obesity as well in a similar direction. In this, these three
components are not reciprocally exclusive and some of the combination of these three are more
probable to provide the most arguable illustrations of the strong relations consistently found
across nation among the health and education as well or obesity (Sansom and Portney, 2018).
IMPLICATIONS OF FINDING.
It is determined that obesity is mainly responsible for the deaths that are occurring every
year nearly about 30,000. As obesity can enhances the developing risk of the host of all illnesses
such as diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses. The people who are obese are specifically at an
elevated risk of various cancers, consisting being three times are likely to germinate the colon
cancer. In this, more than 2 times are likely to improve the blood pressure that is specifically a
risk factor for heart related illnesses (Soltani, 2021). In this, decreasing the prevalence of obesity,
mainly among the children, is specifically one of the priorities of the public health England. The
Public Health England specifically intent to enhance the ratio of the children leaving the
educational institutions with a healthy weight and decrease in the levels of an excess weight in
adults. The Public Health England is currently working to specifically decrease the obesity
among childhood, and contributing towards the delivery of obesity plan among childhood by the
government. In this, no individual is immune towards obesity but some of the people are more
likely to become obese than the other people (Davies and Matley, 2020). It is determined from

the above study that social deprivation, income as well as ethnicity generally have an influence
on the chances of becoming overweight. In addition to this, there is a strong relationship among
childhood obesity and deprivation as well. It has been identified that the prevalence of obesity
among the children are increases as the increase in socio-economic deprivation such as poverty,
lack of education and many other. As the percentage of the prevalence of obesity in the most
deprived regions is about 10% twice than that of the people who are living in least deprived
regions. There are factors which are behind the increase in levels of obesity such as behaviour,
genetics, culture and environment. In this, the main risk factor involve in obesity are the
environment involving drinks and food, inactivity of physical things. In this, the Public Health
England Eat-well Guide gives a compelling information base for eating a healthy diet as well as
ignoring such advises can enhances the likelihood of becoming overweight (Garnett et. al.,
2018). In this, the community health needs evaluation is generally a tactical way of determining
the gaps in a particular community service. It can also analyse the strengths as well as the assets
that are effectively available in a community. In this, outcomes from the community health need
assessment can effectively aid to enhance the understanding about what the programs has to
attain as well as the unpaid steps that are required to be taken. In context with Bradshaw's
taxonomy of need, it generally involves the needs such as normative, felt, expressed as well as
the comparative needs that specifically depicts, the needs are grown in one region can be similar
for the people living in another region. Its main aim is to determine that which type of people are
in specific needs, disaggregated by various class of the people as well as their various unique
needs. In this, the assets that are based on community development that specifically builds on the
assets which are found in the community as well as can mobilizes the peoples, their links and the
institutions to come together to realise as well as develop their strengths. This particular thing
makes it more challenging to an inadequacy-based approach which concentrates on determining
as well as servicing the demands.
Needs evaluation is specifically considered as a organized approach for analysing the
requirements or can effectively identify the gaps among the current conditions as well as the
desired conditions. Thus, it is a pretty essential part of the planning procedure whether for
enhancing the current performance or for correcting the prevalence of specific illnesses such as
obesity (Wolstenholme, 2020).

CONCLUSION
Evaluation of the well-being, that are particularly answered by the people, which
specifically asks about the personal behaviour’s, the risks, life-altering events, the well-being
goals as well as its priorities and the whole health. From the above study, it is concluded that
evaluation of the needs is an essential step in designing as well as empowering the services. It
can specifically aid to understand the requirements of the population and its type as well as
dispersion of the well-being and its care services which will bring forward the highest welfare. It
is pretty important to ensure that the people across community can effectively express their
requirements to a community, that can give a sort of evidences required. Providing people with a
forum in which illustrates their requirements to access the care professionals that might be
productive.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Barile, J. and Agner, J., 2020. How OTs Can Contribute to Health Equity Among People With
HIV and AIDS: Results From a Needs Assessment. AJOT: American Journal of
Occupational Therapy, 74(S1), pp.NA-NA.
TAMIR TETROASHVILI, L. and Mezan, R., 2020. Innovation Management in Family Health
Clinics in Israel: The Contribution of Customer Needs’ Assessment. Postmodern
Openings/Deschideri Postmoderne, 11(1).
Reese, T.J and et. al., 2021. Implementing lung cancer screening in primary care: needs
assessment and implementation strategy design. Translational Behavioral Medicine.
Rhee, H.Y and et. al., 2021. Candidates' and policymakers' perspectives on the needs for a
master's program in nursing. Nurse education today, p.105243.
Hiam, L., Steele, S. and McKee, M., 2018. Creating a ‘hostile environment for migrants’: the
British government’s use of health service data to restrict immigration is a very bad
idea. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 13(2), pp.107-117.
Iparraguirre, J.L., 2020. Reductions in local government spending on community-based social
care and unmet social care needs of older people in England. The Journal of the
Economics of Ageing, 17, p.100126.
Filice, E. and Meyer, S.B., 2018. Patterns, predictors, and outcomes of mental health service
utilization among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals: A scoping review. Journal of Gay &
Lesbian Mental Health, 22(2), pp.162-195.
Griffiths, R., 2021. Transitional Safeguarding in London Borough of Hackney: A Case
Study. Practice, pp.1-10.
McDonald, K.L., Hoenig, J.M. and Norman, C.C., 2021. Identifying profiles of need among
psychiatric inpatients approaching discharge in New York City: a latent class
analysis. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 56(1), pp.63-73.
Lopez-Bassols, I and et. al., 2021. Providing effective lactation care: The Merton NHS Specialist
Breastfeeding Clinic. Journal of Health Visiting, 9(12), pp.516-524.
Das, P., 2020. Kevin Fenton: pursuing equity and equality in public health. The
Lancet, 396(10260), p.1388.
Kunonga, E., Gibson, G. and Parker, C., 2020. Inequalities in health and wellbeing across the
UK: a local North-East perspective. Local Authorities and the Social Determinants of
Health, p.121.
Greener, M., 2020. Infant nutrition: 1000 days that last a lifetime. Journal of Prescribing
Practice, 2(Sup10), pp.S9-S13.
Arden, K., Cunliffe, K. and Cook, P.A., 2020. Cultural change and the evolution of community
governance: a North-West England perspective. Local Authorities and the Social
Determinants of Health, p.149.
Ashdown-Franks, G and et. al., 2020. Predictors of physical activity recording in routine mental
healthcare. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 18, p.100329.
Sansom, G. and Portney, K.E., 2018. Sustainable Cities, Policies and Healthy. Integrating
Human Health into Urban and Transport Planning: A Framework, p.31.
Soltani, N., 2021. Dietary practices of Iranian migrant women in the United
Kingdom. Appetite, 162, p.105144.

Davies, E.L. and Matley, F., 2020. Teachers and pupils under pressure: UK teachers’ views on
the content and format of personal, social, health and economic education. Pastoral Care
in Education, 38(1), pp.4-22.
Garnett, E and et. al., 2018. Social enterprises and public health improvement in England: A
qualitative case study. Public health, 161, pp.99-105.
Wolstenholme, E., 2020. System dynamics applications to health and social care in the united
kingdom and europe. System Dynamics: Theory and Applications, pp.229-252.
Online:
The London Intelligence Health and wellbeing, 2019 [Online] Available through:
<https://www.centreforlondon.org/reader/the-london-intelligence-health-and-wellbeing/data/
#adult-obesity>35888888888888888
International Health Care System Profiles England, 2020 [Online] Available through:
<https://www.commonwealthfund.org/international-health-policy-center/countries/england>
Obesity Statistics, 2021 [Online] Available through:
https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn03336/