Research methodology Assignment pdf

RUNNING HEAD: ASSESSMENT
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................2
Background of the study.........................................................................................................2
Aims and Objectives...............................................................................................................3
Research questions.................................................................................................................3
2. Literature Review...............................................................................................................3
3. Research methodology........................................................................................................6
4. Data analysis and findings.....................................................................................................7
5. Conclusion............................................................................................................................14
References................................................................................................................................15

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1. Introduction
The product of various social, financial and health influences can be defined as
homelessness. Specific factors such as inadequate learning, whether someone is studying,
familiar or domestic abuse, mental health conditions and injury, depression, and drug abuse is
the potential reason of homelessness for youth in the Australia. Increased housing risk often
leads to socioeconomic causes, including the lack of sufficient wages or insufficient access to
appropriate and accessible housing. A significant ongoing subject of homelessness analysis is
how individual and collective risk factors affect the vulnerability and perception of a person.
SHS delivers programmes in Australia to help people at risk or suffering from homelessness,
targeted at monitoring and treatment response, post-crisis and emergency support.
Government support for the procurement of housing and personal facilities is available to
organisations. The scale and type of assistance given differ. However, now, it is important to
conduct a research for getting an idea regarding youth homelessness in Australia and in order
to understand how policies are contributing to the process of managing the issue. By
considering this matter, the research topic has been selected here. In the following section,
the background is going to be provided.
Background of the study
Housing can be regarded as a focus of public health (Clifford, Wilson & Harris, 2019.
Hence, it is justified to do a strategy regarding such an important issue, homelessness. Almost
one fourth of the homeless have a substantial mental disorder. Nearly half of these people
struggle with violence and dependency. Unlike common opinion, many homelessness people
with significant mental disorders are able to accept care and programmes according to the
National Alliance for homeless people it has been stated that extension services are most
effective because individuals have a trustworthy connection with the people they want to
support. Simple disparities in the situation between native homelessness and other types of
homelessness in Australia are a result of a legacy of contacts that has oppressed much native
population in their own country and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI). As per the viewpoint of
Kuskoff (2018), the powers of colonisation, which dispersed the aboriginal people,
irrevocably altered their life and greatly affected ties to their country of origin. Present paths
to aboriginal homelessness illustrate how these colonising movements continue to affect
people's lives actively and indirectly.

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More than 116.000 inhabitants were counted in Australia on a census night of 2016, 58%
were male, 21% were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Island Australian, between 25 and 34
years of age and 20% were classified (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2019).
Roughly 51,000 of these people (44 per cent) lived in extreme homes. More than 21,000 (18
percent) lived in assisted housing and 8200 people had rough sleeping accommodation.
However, the problem related to youth homelessness in Australia is considerable. On Youth
Homelessness matters day, National commissioner of Children Megal Mitchel cites the figure
of census and it was showing that In Australia, 28,756 children and young people are
homeless. These people are under 12 years of age. By considering this kind of statistical data,
it has been possible to understand that the youth homelessness-related problem in Australia
and it is truly important to find out how policies are working to reduce or mitigate the policy.
It is also very important to find out the gap of the policies for future improvements.
Aims and Objectives
The aim of the research is to find out the effectiveness of policies in regard to the process of
managing youth homelessness-related issues in Australia. The objectives of the research
study are as follows:
 To find out the effectiveness of Australian homelessness-related policies in managing
the problem related to youth homelessness
 To find out how the youth homelessness-related issues are being managed in Australia
through the implementation of proper policies
 To find out the process to mitigate the issue by removing policy gap and improving
the important aspects of the policies
Research questions
RQ1: How the issues related to homelessness in Australian youth are being handled through
the implementation of proper policies?
RQ2: How effective the Australian homelessness-related policies are in reducing the rate of
youth homelessness and how the policy-related gaps can be mitigated?
2. Literature Review
According to Watson & Cuervo (2017), around 10.3 million renters in 2012 were highly
poor and simultaneously, these individuals found only 5.8 million units accessible. In

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comparison, 75% of ELI households regularly spend over half its income every month and
service, leaving no funds for other uses, such as foodstuffs, medication and transportation.
The following report is focused on qualitative analysis, in order to collect first-hand
information from homeless people using the interview method. The theoretical context,
however, of this essay is based on the philosophy of justice of Iris Marion Young, where the
writers have adequately discussed in a social equality context the psychological factors
involved in youth homelessness. The importance of this essay lies in its rejection of the
political approach to homelessness that may provide short term solutions to the immediate
challenges but, in the long term, does not because it does not prioritise the empowerment of
homeless people (Zaretzky, Flatau, Spicer, Conroy & Burns, 2017).
As per the viewpoint of Heerde, J. A., Bailey, J. A., Toumbourou, J. W., Rowland, B., &
Catalano, R. F. (2020), there are multiple and nuanced factors of homelessness..
Homelessness may be attributed to violence, unemployment or the absence of adequate
housing, or could be caused by a breakup of the home, a psychiatric condition, sexual abuse,
addiction, financial distress, alcoholism or social alienation. Home abuse is Australia's main
source of homelessness. Young people are more susceptible to homelessness because of
problems with long-term accommodations and the fact that in Australia they are especially
affected by insecurity and lack of adequate housing. When teenagers experience the need to
abandon their home family, they often have little choice but to end up on the streets.
On the other hand Clarke, Parsell & Vorsina (2020) contradicted that the reasons and
outcomes of a young person who is homeless could be mental health conditions. Their
homelessness experiences often contribute to physically intensive complications (for
example, due to a lack of diet and/or dental and general healthcare). This makes it impossible
for a young person to get safe and be secure enough to find a stable environment, monitor
their lives and get back into touch with families, friends and society. A teenager or those in
the family (e.g. their parent or carer or a sibling), may suffer homelessness through the use of
problematic alcohol or medication. During the period of homelessness, misuse of drugs will
also happen. The author also stated that teenagers try to use the networks to obtain alternative
housing more frequently. It involves moving in with a girlfriend, a partner's friends, a
grandparent, an older sister, a cousin, a night at a friend's house or sleeping on the sofa such
as leasing, occupying or sharing a room for a few months. However, most young adults can
only remain for a brief time in the positions of friends and family before either they are asked

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to go on or they have taken the lead to leave, and understand household burden because of
their presence (Flatau, Zaretzky, Crane, Carson, Steen, Thielking & MacKenzie, 2020).
Along with this Mabhala, Yohannes & Griffith (2017) argued that securing work can be
challenging if young people do not have the qualifications, training and expertise and they are
often pressured to leave school sooner because they are no longer safe. Young people also
face prejudice when applying for work because of their age. Owing to the instability of
certain living choices, teenagers often have to remain in various environments before they are
able to find affordable housing. Other areas where young people reside on the highway,
parks, empty buildings, a bicycle, hut, transport hubs or residential homes involve in the
months or weeks after they leave their homes (Watson & Cuervo, 2017).
The comparison followed the literature review process, so it can be argued that the
conclusions are attributed to a thorough study of secondary evidence. This reference is
important to be included in this analysis because, aside from providing particular facts from
Australia concerning the crisis of homelessness, it indicates that the homogenisation approach
of the strategies is likely to struggle before they are able to understand the scope of the real
issues. In order to resolve this question, this connection supports the necessity of "policy
translation and assemblage" where initiatives have been formed on the basis of the
particularities of the issues faced by the homeless in Australia (Martínez-Jaramillo, Ruiz-
Muñoz & Valencia-Ruiz, 2017). This essay reflects on the socioeconomic factors that
inevitably cause people to be become homeless (Dempsey, Parkinson, Andrews & McNair,
2020). The importance of this reference exists in its early evaluation to propose a
fundamental change in the interpretation of homelessness that was assumed to be
synonymous with the lack of suitable housing. Instead, this article provides a more socially-
affiliated concept of homelessness that introduces new sources of factors that contribute to
homeless persons. In this respect, the importance of this relation to be used in this analysis
can also be explained, since the latter is intended to figure out the various explanations that
contribute to it (Goeman, Howard & Ogrin, 2019).
As commented by Moschion & Johnson (2019), SHS agencies focus on providing
services across Australia to help people at risk or at risk of unemployment to prevent and
respond early, crisis and post-crisis interventions. Government financing for the provision of
accommodation and personal services is provided to agencies. The size and the type of help
they offer vary. As mentioned earlier, SHS agencies support both persons who are homeless

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and persons who are at risk. SHS has helped a larger proportion of customers in danger of
homelessness every year (since collection began in 2011–12). Flatau, Tyson, Callis,
Seivwright, Box, & Firth (2018) commented that the Australians known to be at particular
risk for homelessness include families and domestic violence, youth, child support and
treatment orders, indigenous peoples of Australia, people who have prevented their health or
social care, and Australians aged 55 or older. Some 119,200 SHS clients suffered domestic
disorder at some time during the 2019-20 reporting period (Table 2). At first aid levels, some
groups of SHS clients were much more likely to encounter homelessness than the others; in
particular, young people between the ages of 15 and 24 were lonely (51 per cent), clients with
existing mental health issues (50 per cent) and emotional awareness diagnosis and protection
instructions (47 percent).
3. Research methodology
3.1 Research approach
In order to conduct the research study in a significant manner, the deductive research
approach has been used. In order to meet the research-related objectives, the researcher was
not required to develop new theories or concepts. Here, the overall research has been done by
collecting information from existing articles and policies. Hence, it can be stated that the
deductive research approach has been used here.
3.2 Research method
It is a fact that building a research while relating it to existing knowledge is a difficult
matter. By considering the difficulties, the research method has been chosen here (Snyder,
2019). Policy analysis is the research method that has been used here. It has already been
stated that the research is being conducted in order to find out the effectiveness and
implication of policies in mitigating the issue of youth homelessness in Australia. Hence,
Policy analysis has been found to be the best method to be utilized here. It can be regarded as
a secondary research method as here secondary sources, such as policy-related reports,
journals and articles have been analyzed here in order to get the answer to the research
questions.
3.3 Data analysis process

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Thematic data analysis method has been utilized here. By considering the relevant
policies and the articles related to it, themes have been generated and a discussion has been
elaborated by considering the key themes.
3.4 Data Collection
In order to get the answers to the research questions and in order to meet the objectives of the
research, data has been collected from policy-related reports, articles and journals. First of all,
important data has been extracted from these important sources and the data has been saved
in an excel file. After that, the data has been analyzed properly in order to fulfil the aim of the
research study. Authentic policy-related reports have been used here in order to accomplish
the research study in the proper manner. The researcher was well aware of the matter that the
research is being accomplished here just by using secondary sources. Hence, it is highly
important to use only the sources that are highly credible and authentic. Hence, before
collecting data from a report or article or anything else, the authenticity of it has been
checked in an effective manner. Hence, it can be stated that data that has been collected here
is authentic and the most authentic outcome of the research has been achieved here. In the
following section of the study paper, a discussion regarding the findings is going to be
elaborated.
4. Data analysis and findings
4.1 Important policies that are contributing to manage the problem related to homelessness
of Youth in Australia
At the time when the matter comes to making a discussion regarding the policies related
to youth homelessness in Australia, it becomes highly important to highlight the National
Housing and Homelessness Agreement (NHHA). The policy has been commenced on
July, 2018 and it provides a significant amount each year to ensure that Australians are
gaining the chance to get a secure and affordable housing across the housing spectrum
(Dss.gov.au, 2020). It is a fact that the policy has not been implemented just for Youths and
the policy has been implemented by considering homelessness as a common issue. However,
the matter is that, it is definitely providing a significant effect in reducing the rate of youth
homelessness in Australia. The policy has been launched by considering some common
issues. The priority areas of the policy are going to be highlighted in the following section.
 Affordable housing

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It is a fact that the economic status in Australia is effective. However, the matter is that
several people in this country are unemployed and they are struggling with poverty. Hence, it
is getting difficult for them to develop a house or get a secure house on rent. By considering
this matter, the affordable housing-related strategy has been considered here. By considering
the Census data, it has been possible to understand that more than 116,000 people were
estimated to be homeless in Australia and it is definitely a significant amount. Among all of
these people, 58% were male and 21% of this people have been found to belong to the age
group 25 – 34. It is a fact that people belong to the age group 15 to 24 can be regarded as
youth generation. By considering the statistical data, it can be stated that a significant number
of people who are homeless are belonging to the youth generation. As the policy is providing
the affordable housing service to all of the individuals struggling with homelessness, it is
expected to help the youth homeless effectively in regard to their issue.
 Encouraging growth and supporting the viability of the community housing
sector
In order to reduce the number of homeless people in Australia, it is important to
encourage community housing sector and by considering this matter the policy has set this
particular priority area. Community housing can be regarded as a type of social housing. It is
a long-term accommodation that is provided by such organizations that work without the
expectation of any profit. By encouraging such communities, it is possible to bring an
improvement to their service process. At the time when the service process of them will be
improved, more number of houses would be developed and would be available for homeless
people in Australia. As the number of youth homeless peoples in Australia is significantly
high, the implementation of the policy, especially this objective of the policy, is expected to
be able to reduce the number of homeless youth in Australia.
This homelessness-related policy is required to address the priority cohorts and the priority
cohorts are as follows:
 Women and children who are facing issues due to domestic violence
 Children and young once
 Indigenous people
 People who are experiencing repeat homelessness
 Older people
 People exiting from care

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By considering this matter, it can be stated that the policy is prioritizing the needs of young
ones. Hence, it can be stated that though the implementation of the policy, it is possible to
reduce the number of homeless young ones in Australia.
By considering this data, it can be stated that the Australian Government is taking adequate
steps in order to handle the issue related to youth homelessness in Australia If the policy can
work in the proper manner and if all of the processes related to the policy can be followed,
then it is for sure that the issue would be handled in the proper manner (Thomas, Gray &
McGinty, 2010).
When the matter is about making a discussion regarding the homelessness policy in Australia,
it also becomes highly important to make a discussion regarding Mission Australia. Mission
Australia is a national Christian charity that provides several community services throughout
Australia. The Non Profit Organization has also taken and is taking significant steps in order
to reduce the number of homeless people in Australia. The non profit organization has
developed a plan to halve the number of homeless people in Australia by 2025. It has already
been stated that a major portion of the homeless population in Australia are youth people.
When the number of homeless people will be halved, the number of youth homeless people in
Australia will also be decreased. This non profit origination has launched the policy
“Homelessness Policy 2015”. By considering this data that has been collected by going
through several secondary sources, it has been possible to understand that along with the
government in Australia, the non profit organizations are also taking several initiatives in
order to reduce the number of homeless people in this place. However, in this regard, it is
also very important to state that the policy is providing a significant attention to youth
homelessness and it had a mission to halve the number of homeless youth in Australia. This
initiative is truly effective to prevent homelessness in Australia by helping people before they
reach the crisis point. The policy is working in an effective manner by paying adequate
attention to some crucial issues. Here, a discussion regarding these issues is going to be
provided.
 The policy is intended to provide income support and rental assistance to people so
that they do not feel rental stress (Mission Australia, 2015). In addition, the policy is
also intended to help people to live in areas where they can get the opportunity to
participate in work and their communities

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 The policy is intended to help people to keep their home. It is a fact sometime, people,
especially youth ones, may be unable to keep their home due to financial stress and
loan-related pressure. The policy is intended to help them to keep their home so that
they safely and securely. By ensuring an effective process to help people to keep their
home, the policy is expected to help youth people to avoid the homelessness-related
issues
 It is a fact that several young people face family-related conflicts. Sometimes, these
people leave homes with frustration and disappointment. The policy is intended to
help them. It is also an effective step to reduce the number of youth homeless people
and from this point of view, it can be stated that the policy is effective enough to deal
with the concerned issue
 Building more homes and strengthening communities is another objective of homeless
Policy 2015. In the case of national policy, it has already been stated that the policy is
trying to encourage communities and influence them to build more number of homes
so that
All of these initiatives of the policy are effective and it can bring an improvement to the
homelessness-related issue in Australia. In the following section of this research paper, a
discussion regarding the implication of the policy is going to be elaborated.
4.2 Implication and effectiveness of the policies
By considering the data of census, it has been possible to understand that the rate of
homelessness is being fluctuated. In 2001, the rate of homelessness was 51% per 10,000
populations. However, it has become 45 in 2006. On the other hand, it has been increased and
has become 50% in 2006. Hence, it is not possible to analyze the implication of the
Australian homelessness-related policies. However, it is not also possible to analyze the
impact of the policy in this current situation as people are going through a tough situation,
Covid_129 phase. However, the matter is that the pandemic has been able to suppress the
homelessness-related issue and the rate of homeless people in Australia has fallen
significantly in April-June 2020. Actually, in order to reduce the rate of Covid_19, the
Australian government has taken some important steps and homelessness mitigation strategy
has also been taken as it has been found to be effective in reducing the number of homeless
people in Australia (Aph.gov.au, 2020). However, the matter is that in this regard, the

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effectiveness of the pre discussed policies cannot be judged. At the initiation phase of
Covid_19, the government has started taking some important initiatives in order to ensure a
safe and secure place for rough sleepers and almost 33,000 rough sleepers and others were
booked into hotels and temporary accommodation around the country
(Launchhousing.org.au, 2020). This is the main reason why the number of homeless people
in Australia has been decreased in a significant manner in this situation. However, if the
implications and effectiveness of the policies can be judged with respect to this situation, then
it would definitely be a mistake. However, the matter is that the initiatives of the policies
were highly effective and this is the reason, it can be stated that the policies are expected to
be able to work well. All of the priority areas that have been founded by the policies are
effective and all of the points that both of the above-discussed policies have paid adequate
attention to are considerable. He NHHA strategies are considerable and have been adopted
after considering the homelessness-related situation in Australia. On the other hand, homeless
policy 2015 has been able to find out some important initiatives that can reduce the rate of
youth homeless people in Australia in the best possible manner. This is the reason why it is
expected that the implications of the policies are effective. Due to the Covid_19 situation and
the steps that the government has taken in order to reduce the number of homeless people in
Australia for reducing the rate of Covid-19, it is getting very tough to evaluate the implication
of the policy on the homeless youth people in Australia. However, the matter is after
analyzing the sole purpose of the policy and the policy-related initiatives, it can be stated that
the policies would work well in the future and would be able to meet its primary objectives.
However, it is not that the policies do not have any gap or issues. Though the government
and the NGO have adopted the policies with an effective aim and initiative, if it can be
analyzed properly, some gaps related to the policies can be identified. In the following
section, the gap of the policies is going to be elaborated.
4.3 Gap of the policies
Fund-related issue
When the matter comes to analyzing the gap of the policies related to homelessness of
youth in Australia, it becomes highly important to make a discussion regarding the fund-
related issues. The initiatives of both policies were effective. However, in order to ensure
proper implication of the policies, it is important to ensure that the government of the NGO
has adequate funding. By considering the homelessness policy 2015, it has been possible to

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understand that Mission Australia wants to enhance the number of homes in Australia in
order to reduce the number of homeless people. However, the matter is that, it is not so easy
to increase the number of homes as it would require the policy initiator to make a huge
investment and it might be difficult for the policy initiators to ensure that much funding.
However, by analyzing the policy-related initiatives, it has been possible to understand that
the policies have not considered anything significant related to funding. It can be regarded as
a gap of the policies. However, if the funding-related issues can be solved, then both of the
policies would work effectively. It is a fact that the last few years have been found to be an
upsurge in rough sleeping and street homelessness in Australia (Steen, 2018). In order to
mitigate the issue completely, it is a true fact that a huge amount would be required.
Special attention was required to be provided to youth homelessness and unemployment
Figure 1: Homelessness in Australia
(Source: Statista, 2020)
By considering the graph, it can be stated that 15% of homeless people in Australia are
belonging to the age group 19-24 years. It is their youth age and the homelessness-related
issue can ruin their future effectively. If the future of them gets ruined, then it is for sure that
the future of the country will also be affected and that is the reason why the policies were
required to pay adequate attention to this matter. Though Homeless Policy 2015 has set an

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objective to reduce the number of homeless people in Australia by 50% within 2020, it has
not taken any kind of special initiative just for the youth homeless people in Australia. It is
certainly a gap of the policy. On the other hand, the NHHA has also not taken any kind of
significant initiative by considering the severity of the issue related to youth homelessness
and it can easily be regarded as a gap of the policy. On the other hand, in order to reduce the
number of homeless people who are belonging to the age group 20 – 24, it is important to
secure their financial stability. In order to secure the financial stability of these people it is
important to secure their employment first. However, the policies have not taken any
significant initiative for securing the employment of these people. It is definitely a gap of
both of these policies. However, if the policies would be able to work while paying adequate
attention to these issues, then it is for sure that the major problem related to homelessness in
Australia would be mitigated.
4.4 Process to improve the situation through the adoption of proper policy-related
strategies
It is a fact that the needs of health and social care of homeless people in Australia is
inadequately addressed. This matter is required to be considered in this regard (Goeman,
Howard & Ogrin, 2019). In order to bring an improvement to the policy-related strategies, the
first initiative that the government or the respective NGO is required to take is about finding
out the reasons behind the youth homelessness in Australia. It has already been stated that
15% of youth people in Australia are homeless and there are definitely some reasons behind
the homelessness of them. In order to handle the situation properly, the policy initiators are
required to find out the reason and they are also required to work while taking initiatives for
mitigating the issues. If the policies work in this way, then it is for sure that the number of
youth homeless people in Australia will be reduced and it would ultimately bring an
improvement to the overall society (Bullen, 2015).
Secondly, the policies are required to take an initiative for mitigating the unemployment-
related issues. If the education and employment of young people can be secured, them it is for
sure that the homelessness-related issues will also be mitigated. It is a fact that in Australia,
one in four young individuals is refugee or migrant (Couch, 2017). At the time of paying
adequate attention to youth homelessness-related issue, this matter is required to be
considered.

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For both of these policies, it can be stated that the funding-related issues are required to be
provided with adequate care. In this regard, contacting some investigators might be an
effective idea. However, the overall matter is dependent on the funding that the policy
initiators can ensure and the initiatives of them. However, if they get some potential
investors, then it is for sure that the policy implementation and taking some important
initiatives’ related to the policy would be easier for them.
5. Conclusion
In the above-stated passages, a discussion regarding the homelessness policy in Australia has
been illustrated by considering the research questions. The best effort has been provided here
in order to get the answer to the research questions. The research questions were about the
policies that are being implemented in order to reduce the number of youth homeless people
in Australia. In 4.1, a discussion regarding it has been elaborated and the answer to the
research question has also been gained. Apart from that, the second research question was
about the effectiveness of the policies and in the section 4.2; a discussion regarding the same
has also been elaborated. Another question was about the gap of the policies and in the
section 4.3 the answer to this question has also been provided. It means that all of the
research questions have been answered here effectively and the overall research has been
done in am authentic way. Data has been collected from authentic sources. Before using the
data in the research the authenticity of the source has been checked. Though it was a time
consuming matter to accomplish a research study while maintaining the best level of
authentic, the best effort to do the same within the allotted time has been provided here.

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References
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