Assessment 2a and 2b on Hypertension - Desklib

This assessment defines, describes and provides a rationale for hypertension. It covers the background, importance to nursing, personal reflection, search strategy, best evidence and findings.

Assessment 2a (500 words)
REFERENCES REQUIRED
 A e ment a andss ss 2 2b: Minim m o in totalu f 10
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Assessment 2b (500 words)
ONLINE THEMED DISCUSSION POST
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TEMPLATE TO USE FOR ASSESSMENT 2A AND 2B
Assessment 2a
Background
Hypertension is the name used to refer to high blood pressure, precisely; the
illness is a significant risk factor that causes cardiovascular disease. Notably,
it is not only familiar but also it is a significant public health issue. In the
coming days, Hypertension prevalence’s is expected to increase steadily,
primarily, rapid incidence increases it due to poor lifestyle factor, for
instance, physical inactivity, excessive use of alcohol and tobacco and people
having a diet which are rich in salt and having fatty food highly processed
(Tikhonoff et al., 2016). The disease burden is noted to spread at high speed from
countries already developed than to emerging economies. Hypertension
currently considered as a global health concern. Moreover, a report from the
World Health Organization indicated that the growth of industries with
processed food had impacted the amount of salt in diets globally which has
played a significant role in hypertension prevalence.
Importance to Nursing
In a society, nurses play a significant role in the process of educating, giving
advice and measuring people blood pressure. Precisely, the education is
essential since it provides modified behaviour that is related to people diet,
stress, weight and physical activity. Nurses were first involved not only in
measuring but also monitoring blood pressure and patient education (Mills et
al., 2016). As the awareness of hypertension is increasing in most of the world,
nurses are gaining skills in assessing health status of patients, adjusting their
medications, addressing barriers to hypertension not only care but also
control, primarily, nurses are becoming more involved not only in the process
of assessment of patient but also management of hypertension.
Fundamentally, as hypertension continuous to become a burden to society,
the role of nurses also expand. They are increasing their focus on advancing
practice nurses known as nurse practitioners. Notably, they have the legal
authority in prescribing not only antihypertensive but also other medications
independently
Personal Reflection

Reporting
As I was attending my patients, I come across a patient
who was having a severe headache, chest pain, difficult
while breathing and irregular heartbeat. First I thought
the patient was suffering from either fever or malaria
when I was analysing the symptoms that he give me, I
had to take a sample of his blood for testing.
Responding
First I become stranded for a while as I figured out what
could the patient suffering from, moreover, the patient
seems to be having stress and faces difficulties while
breathing hence I was merciful to her.
Relating
After figuring out that the patient had difficulties while
breathing and faces irregular heartbeat, the skills, and
knowledge I have to enable me to remember first to
measure the blood pressure of the patient. Since the
patient could be suffering from hypertension.
Reasoning After the situation happened, I realized that it is entirely
different from the reasoning of a student as compared to
a health professional when analysing the symptoms of a
patient. Skills a health professional has are essential in
analysing patient symptoms.
Reconstructing
The situation influenced my learning since. First I
realized that many people have hypertension but don’t
bother to attend to a health professional to know their
blood pressure. Moreover, after learning this, I realized
that in the future everybody in society should know his
blood pressure

Assessment 2b
Aim
High blood pressure can damage an individual body before its symptoms
develops. Basically, if this burden is left uncontrolled, it can led to disability
and sometimes fatal death. Globally, half of individual suffering from
hypertension and are untreated die of heart diseases that are associated to
poor blood flow and due to stroke. This paper will develop a search strategy
thus finding the best evidence for clinical practice of hypertension.
PICO (Quantitative)
Population Headache
Intervention Taking medication like thiazide diuretics
Control Rest
Outcome Pain relief
PICo (Qualitative)
Population
Phenomenon of
Interest
Context
Research Question
What are best practices essential in prevision of high blood pressure
prevalence?
Search Strategy
The keyword used in searching evidence is prevention. Precisely, best
practices are essential as they aim at lowering the increased prevalence of
high blood pressure. Furthermore, practices such as eating health food,
decreasing salt in diet are all significant. Individual should also increase their
physical activity and at the same time maintain a healthy weight and limit
alcohol drinking. The method used in conducting the research are using
sample conducted by other researchers and asking questioners.

Best Evidence
Best Practice Level of
Evidence
Study Design In-text Citation
in APA 6th
Format
Physical activity High Cross sectional
study
(Malbrain at al., 2015)
Healthy diet High Prospective study (Mills et al., 2016)
Weight
management
High Cross sectional
studies
(Tikhonoff et al., 2016)
Physical activity High Cohort study (Dorobantu et al, 2014)
Health
management
High Case controlled
study
(Li et al., 2016)
Health and diet
management
High Mata analysis
studies
(Tocci et al., 2017)
Physical activity High Prospective study Cifkova, Fodor, &
Wohlfahrt, 2016)
Weight
management
High Case controlled
study
Yoon, Fryar, & Carroll,
2015)
Findings
According to a survey conducted in 2010, it indicated that 31.1%
adult’s population had hypertension, precisely, for high-income nations it was
28.5% while for low and middle-income countries 31.5% respectively. The
people of an adult with hypertension were about 1.39 billion and 1.04 billion
for high and middle-income nation respectively (Malbrain at al., 2015). The trend
has been increasing every year indicating that there is a global hypertension
disparity. Primarily, there is a need for a collaborative mechanism to be
undertaken with an objective combating the emerging hypertension burden
mostly in countries that are in the category of low and middle income.
A study conducted by The World Report it estimated that by 2025 more
than 1.56 billion of the world population would be suffering from
hypertension. Fundamentally, it will influence an economic burden (Mills et al.,
2016). Hence public awareness, prevention, treatment and means of
controlling the further increase of cases of hypertension is an essential public
health awareness.

Primary hypertension doesn’t have an identifiable cause. However, it
develops over time, precisely, and this kind of blood pressure develops slowly
to a human body. The primary factor that influences this kind of blood
pressure are; genes as indicated by scientific researchers some individuals
are genetically predisposed to hypertension. Mostly, it is affected by not only
gene mutations but also genetic abnormalities that are inherited Tikhonoff et al.,
2016). Other causes include physical change and the environment that an
individual lives. Meanwhile, for secondary hypertension, in most scenarios, it
occurs quickly, and there is high likelihood to be more severe than primary
hypertension, precisely, for secondary hypertension the lifestyle of a person
mostly influences it.
References
Malbrain, M. L., De Waele, J. J., & De Keulenaer, B. L. (2015). What every ICU clinician needs
to know about the cardiovascular effects caused by abdominal
hypertension. Anaesthesiology intensive therapy, 47(4), 388-399.
Mills, K. T., Bundy, J. D., Kelly, T. N., Reed, J. E., Kearney, P. M., Reynolds, K., ... & He, J.
(2016). Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of
population-based studies from 90 countries. Circulation, 134(6), 441.
Tikhonoff, V., Hardy, R., Deanfield, J., Friberg, P., Muniz, G., Kuh, D., ... & Richards, M. (2016).
The relationship between affective symptoms and hypertension—role of the labelling
effect: the 1946 British birth cohort. Open heart, 3(1), e000341.
Yoon, S. S., Fryar, C. D., & Carroll, M. D. (2015). Hypertension prevalence and control among
adults: United States, 2011-2014. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
Dorobantu, M., Darabont, R., Ghiorghe, S., Arsenescu-Georgescu, C., Macarie, C., Mitu, F., ... &
Craiu, E. (2014). Hypertension prevalence and control in Romania at a seven-year interval.
Comparison of SEPHAR I and II surveys. Journal of hypertension, 32(1), 39-47.
Li, W., Gu, H., Teo, K. K., Bo, J., Wang, Y., Yang, J., ... & He, X. (2016). Hypertension
prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in 115 rural and urban communities involving 47
000 people from China. Journal of hypertension, 34(1), 39-46.
Tocci, G., Nati, G., Cricelli, C., Parretti, D., Lapi, F., Ferrucci, A., ... & Volpe, M. (2017).

Prevalence and control of hypertension in the general practice in Italy: updated analysis of a large
database. Journal of human hypertension, 31(4), 258.
Cifkova, R., Fodor, G., & Wohlfahrt, P. (2016). Changes in hypertension prevalence, awareness,
treatment, and control in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: an update. Current
hypertension reports, 18(8), 62.

PICO WORKSHEETS AND SEARCH STRATEGY
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The Required Text
o mann T ennett el MarH ff , ., B , S., & D , C. (2017).
idence a ed practice acro t e ealt
Ev -b s
ss h h h
pro e ion
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. at ood l e ierCh sw , NSW. E s v .
The Recommended Text
c neider ite ead o iondo ood a erS h , Z., Wh h , D., L B -W , G., & H b , J. (2016).
r in and mid i er
Nu s g w f y
re earc Met od and apprai al or e idence a ed practice
s h: h s
s f v -b s (5th ed dne l e ier.). Sy y: E s v
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ACCEPTABLE RESOURCES FOR YOUR BEST EVIDENCE
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UNACCEPTABLE RESOURCES FOR YOUR BEST EVIDENCE
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 idence mmarieEv su s
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ACCEPTABLE RESOURCES FOR SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
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 Te t p to ear oldx s u 5 y s
 e ite intended or pro e ional not con merW bs s f f ss s, su s
UNACCEPTABLE RESOURCES FOR SUPPORTING EVIDENCE
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