TEMPLATE NSG2NMR (2018) Assessment 32018: Student Name: Site/Clinical School
Added on 2021-04-24
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Healthcare and ResearchStatistics and Probability
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ASSESSMENT 32018 TEMPLATENSG2NMR (2018)Assessment 3: 2,000 individual reportStudent First Name:Student Surname:Student ID Number:Facilitator Name:Site/Clinical School:TOTAL Word Count: 2,000 +/- 10%Excludes: reference list, appended search historyIncludes: in-text citationsDUE DATE: Identify a clinical issue and propose a research question about this clinical issue(approx. word count100)The primary focus of this study is to find out whether there is any difference made when patients receive preoperative education. In particular, it is research to analyse whether preoperative educationhas any impact on patient outcome. This paper will be an exploration of the impact preoperative education has on the outcome of the patients by reviewing the past literature. The review will bring the various outcomes of preoperative education into the light. For instance, the paper will explore theways previous researchers have analysed the concept of preoperative education. In this way, the paper will explore the areas where researchers have focused. Lastly, the paper will look at the various implications of the study and the recommendation for future research.Conduct a literature search (using Medline AND CINAHL databases) and identify literature relevant to the research question. APPEND THE SEARCH HISTORY TO THE ASSIGNMENT Write a Literature Review that describes what is already known about your research question (approx. word count 1,500)Preoperative education provides patients with useful information required for their surgical process. The education is mainly a nursing intervention that the healthcare teams provide focusing onsurgical procedures and postoperative impacts (Kruzik, 2009). The information learned from preoperative education does not only inform the patient concerning the entire surgical process and surgical procedure, but it also helps them deal with the feelings of anticipation, expected sensation, fear, anxiety and other probable outcomes (Arslan, Ozer, & Ozyurt, 2008). NSG2NMR 2018 Assessment 3 V1.0Page 1 of 10
According to (Marcus, 2014) preoperative education can be given to patients and family member in different forms such as written, verbal, or audio-visual. When education is given verbally, the work of (Marcus, 2014) states that it needs a multidisciplinary approach which should consider patient’s literacy level, learning styles, and culture. Besides written, verbal and audio-visual materials,the study of (Fernandes, Arriaga, & Esteves, 2014) demonstrated that board video games can also be used to enhance preoperative education on children scheduled for surgery. In addition, while this study also aimed to test the efficacy of the three methods (booklets, video, and board games), the study did not find any difference in the efficacy of the materials which suggested that any approach could be effective. Further, the work of (Phillips, 2017) advises that preoperative teachings take three levels withthe first one being information which explains the procedures care activities and the feelings that would come at perioperative times. Information should be followed by psychosocial support and lastyshould be the skill training to cope with the surgery outcomes. The work of (MacKenzie, Cornell, & Memtsoudis, 2014) retaliates on the same that education as well as preoperative training programs are goals should be well structured goals in the preparation for the patient for the surgery which may also help the patient after the surgery. In the past three decades, most of the experimental studies have been focusing mainly on themethods of providing the education. Some of the studies that have focused on methods are the study of (Boudreault, Li, & Wong, 2016) which analysed the impact of web-based training on consumer satisfaction. Another study analysing the method was the study of (Jlala, French, Foxall, Hardman, & Bedforth, 2010) which analysed the effect of preoperative multimedia information. Other studies have focused on the timing of the preoperative education and its effects on patient outcome one of these being the study of (Patel, et al., 2016). Looking at the meta-analyses available from different studies and without a regard to any particular method or outcome, studies have concluded that preoperative education has various positive effects as it helps patients reduce their length of stay in NSG2NMR 2018 Assessment 3 V1.0Page 2 of 10
their hospital, fear or anxiety of the surgical procedure, and pain. Another positive impact is that it helps the patients in the improvement of their psychological wellness hence facilitating their satisfaction. However, looking at the most recent studies, it is a bit difficult to study the impacts of preoperative education as a general phenomenon. To overcome this increasing problem, most of the authors decide to take preoperative education as a whole phenomenon, then subdivide it into specificareas of surgical operations such as orthopaedic surgeries, cardiac, and joint surgeries among others. Others focus on patients from particular demographic characteristics. Similarly, there is also a realm of studies that settle on studying a specific preoperative education intervention such as verbal, written or audio-visuals like DVD and Computer-based education as mentioned above. Others focus on specific outcomes such as pain, smoking reduction, or stoma self-management. In the same way, the increased similarity in studies have shown the possibility of the assessment of the effectiveness ofpreoperative education on specific group of patients. However, since this paper wants to focus on the impacts of preoperative educational approach on patients’ outcome, it is going to mainly focus on theliterature covering two domains. That is, literature on specific surgery and literature on specific patient outcome. Studies concentrating on specific surgical procedures all lead to the conclusion that preoperative education improves patients’ recovery process. For instance, the study of (Moulton, Evans, Starks, & Smith, 2015) assessed the outcome of patients within the authors unit following theirprovision of preoperative education. As a recovery program, the authors were offering patients in their units the chance of attending pre-operative education classes. Since not all patients attended the voluntary classes, the professionals decided to compare the outcomes. The results in their study showed that out of 318 patients who undertook elective total hip replacement, a total of 233 receivedthe training and 85 declined. The comparison of the data from the two groups revealed that those patients who received the training had a significant improvement and a reduced length of stay in comparison to the patients who missed the training. In terms of costs, this study showed that those NSG2NMR 2018 Assessment 3 V1.0Page 3 of 10
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