Study of Different Diseases: Vaccines, Side Effects, and Treatment

ASSESSMENT
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
1. Tuberculosis.............................................................................................................................3
2. Influenza..................................................................................................................................3
3. Athletes foot.............................................................................................................................4
4. Malaria.....................................................................................................................................4
5. Round worm.............................................................................................................................5
6. Diarrhea ...................................................................................................................................5
7. HIV..........................................................................................................................................6
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7
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Introduction
This report consists of study of seven different diseases in terms of their vaccines available,
durability of its vaccines, side effects, cost barriers, and identifying social, cultural or religious
issues associated with treatment. Diseases considered in this report are: tuberculosis, influenza,
athletes foot, malaria, round worm, diarrhea and HIV.
1. Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that usually affects the lungs. It can also spread to
other parts of the body, such as the brain and spine. It is caused by a bacterium called
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that spread through the air, such
as a cold or the flu. Anyone can only get it if they come into contact with someone who has it.
Vaccines available for TB
People with active tuberculosis are treated with antibiotics and other drugs that kill or control
tuberculous mycobacterium. Treatment usually lasts several months. Patients with subsequent
latent tuberculosis can be treated with antibiotics to prevent active tuberculosis.
Calmette-Guerin bacillus (BCG) vaccine is used in national immunization programs in high-
consumption countries. The vaccine does not protect children from lung diseases caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and does not prevent the latent infectious infection from becoming
an active disease. However, it prevents serious complications of tuberculosis in children such as
meningitis.
There are various of antibiotics which is used in treatments of TB. In this there are several line of
drug used such as the first line drug which is used in combination. Pyrazinamide and ethambutol
for the first 2 month of the 6 month of treatment period.
Also there is 2 antibiotic which is used for 6 month is isoniazid and rifampicin for 6 month. The
mechanism of action of isoniazid and rifampicin. In this rifampicin is an inhibitor of the beta
subunit of RNA ploymerase of prokaryotic which include tuberculosis which is resistance to
rifampicin that is mediated by mutation in various circustance. In this is clustered is small
regions of rpoB gene. So as per this, the isoniazid is an pro drug which is active during only
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