Assessment (Management & operation).

Assessment
(Management &
operation)

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................3
P1: Examine the roles and characteristic of manger & leader................................................3
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................5
P2: Role of leaders and functions of managers in different situation of business..................5
P3: Describe different theories and models of leadership......................................................6
TASK3.............................................................................................................................................8
P4: Approaches of operation management with role of leaders & managers........................8
P5: Importance and values of operation management within attainment of goals of Uber. 10
TASK4...........................................................................................................................................12
P6: Define the factors that has an influence on operation management and decision-making of
managers & leaders of Uber.................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
1

2

INTRODUCTION
Management is considered as the coordination and administration of activities and tasks
to accomplish a goal or objectives of business. These activities includes setting of plans and
strategies for organisation, coordinating of staff's efforts to achievement of these goals by
application & implementation of available resources (What Is Management? 2020). It is an
important part of every business entity and responsible of managing & controlling of works,
human resources and entire firm.
Uber Technologies Inc. is a multinational transportation company based in America. It
was founded by Travis Kalanick & Garrett Camp in 2009 and headquarter of it is located in San
Francisco, California, US. Uber provides variety of services including transportation, food and
package delivery services, couriers with the help of partnership with electric bicycles, scooter
rental etc.
This is report which is based on the topic management and operations of Uber
Technologies Inc. within which different aspects are covered. Roles, characteristics of managers
and leaders, function of manager within different areas of business are considered in this report.
Moreover, different styles of leadership, role and importance of operation management in
business objectives are explained. At last factors that affect manager & leaders decision-making
are discussed within the report.
TASK1
P1: Examine the roles and characteristic of manger & leader.
Manager: A manager is the person from upper level who has the responsibility to plan
strategies for business, assign roles & duties to sub-ordinates, directing behaviours or
performance of employees and managing the operation of entire organisation.
Leader: A person who holds the duty or responsibility to encourage & motivates
employees for hard work & accomplishment of common objectives, influencing them for co-
operation and co-ordination between groups (Reid and Sanders, 2019).
Characteristic of leader & manager: Feature or characteristic defines the nature of any
object. In terms of Uber Technologies Inc. comparison between features and characteristic of
leaders & managers are considered below:
Basis of comparison Leader Manager
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Purpose In context of respective
organisation the major purpose
of a leader is to manage the
development and growth of
employees as well as
organisation (de Sousa Jabbour
and et. al., 2019).
While, the main objective and
purpose of a manager is to
achieve the objectives and
goals of business.
Risk taking ability Another important
characteristic of a leader is
avoiding the risk.
While, managers are risk
takers and looking towards
taking new and risky ideas for
growth of business (Cole,
Stevenson and Aitken, 2019).
Ability to take decisions In terms of characteristic of
leaders of respective firm is
ineffective decision-making as
compared to mangers (Russell
and Taylor, 2019).
While, mangers have the
ability to take effective and
more successful decisions than
leaders.
Comparison between roles of leaders and managers: roles and responsibilities of a mangers
is associated with directing and controlling of entire firm while, leaders are responsible to guide
and motivate employees for obtaining common results. These are discussed as follows:
Basis of comparison Leader Manager
Goal setting In terms of Uber Technologies
Inc. leader has the
responsibility to setting goals
for future growth of business.
On the contrary managers of
respective firm are liable to set
objectives for present
situations of company Glock
and et. al., 2019).
Guiding vs. controlling Leaders of respective
organisation are responsible
While, managers has the
responsibility to monitor and
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for influencing and guiding
employees for accomplishment
of tasks and duties Benjaafar
and Hu, 2020)
control the behaviours or
performances of employees
and staffs.
Relationship with employees In context of respective
organisation leaders plays
prominent role in building
trust and confidence among
employees that creates
favourable relationships
between leaders and
employees.
On contrast with leaders,
managers of Uber are
responsible for controlling and
monitoring staffs that leads to
unfavourable relationships of
personnel with mangers
(Nahmias and Olsen, 2020).
Thus, managers and leaders both plays important role in accomplishment of business
objectives that leads to smooth and effectual functioning and future growth of business.
TASK2
P2: Role of leaders and functions of managers in different situation of business.
Leaders and managers of Uber Technologies Inc. performs several roles and duties in
achievement of business goals & objectives so as to make organisation enable to attain long
terms sustainability or growth of business (Torlak, Demir and Budur, 2019). There are various
situations arising in a firm in which skills and abilities of leaders & managers plays significant
role for business. These roles and functions are defined as follows:
Situation1
Launch of new product: In context of Uber Technologies Inc. wants to introduce or
launch new or innovative products within its product portfolio for enhancing product range of
business. This situation is arising when organisation wants to enhance its business and raising the
profit. Here managers and leaders have different functions and roles and considered as follows:
Function of manager: If respective organisation wants to introduce a new product in
current portfolio of business. Manager is responsible to communicate and covey the vision,
mission and objective associated with fresh product to its employees and allocate the required
resources for accomplishment of objectives.
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Role of leader: In above situation of Uber Technologies Inc. leaders plays crucial role in
encouraging and motivating employees and staffs for accomplishment of purpose of successful
launch of new product. For the purpose leaders should encourage and appreciate employees for
their contribution within implementation of above plan.
Situation2
Change management: This situation arise when organisation wants to implement a
change within organisation for achievement of effectiveness and efficiency within objectives &
goals of business. This happens due to various factors such as political policies, environmental,
technological development etc. that forces organisations to implement them within organisation
for successful operation of business (Yang and et. al., 2020). Role and functions of leaders and
managers in context of respective organisation in this situation are explained as follows:
Function of manager: As per above decision managers of respective business should
formulate and provide effective training and development for employees and staffs regarding the
implementation of new change in organisation. This is necessary for effective implementation
and application o0f change for the growth & success of organisation.
Role of leader: Leaders of Uber should encourage employees enhance their moral as this
change will creates huge opportunities for development of skills and knowledge of sub-ordinates
that leads to attainment of expertise and higher positions in order to accept the change. It helps in
increasing self moral of employees towards accomplishment of personal goals with reaching
professional objectives.
Although managers and leaders are responsible plays significant role & functions in
accomplishment of business objectives and goals that helps in successful management and
operation of activities essential for growth & sustainability of business in long run.
P3: Describe different theories and models of leadership.
Leadership is defined as the ability of a person or group of persons to lead or influence
behaviour and performance of someone else. In context of Aston Martin following are the
theories of leadership:
Situational leadership: The first and most important style of leadership is situational
leadership which is based on different situations arise within the business (Kapletia and et. al.,
2019). Situational leadership is sub-divided into four categories considered as follows:
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 Telling leadership: This style of leadership based on skills and abilities of leaders
to communicate and convey the jobs and duties of individuals or human resources
within organisation. As per respective business telling leadership in an effective
styles for crisis time of business. This will help in influencing employees for
accomplishment of tasks and jobs.
 Selling leadership: Another significant type of situational leadership is based on
selling and exchanging expertise of leaders with subordinates so as to guide and
support them. Leaders of Aston Martin can adopt this style for helping employees
in tasks accomplish within specified time limit.
 Participating leadership: This type of leadership is suitable for respective
business in terms of improving behaviours of employees through allowing
employees to participate within decision making process of business
 Delegating leadership: The last type of situational leadership is associated with
allocating tasks and duties with some authority so as to enhance performance of
employees. In context of respective business leaders should allow subordinates
for doing work with own capabilities and assistance.
System leadership: This is the significant type of leadership style for which personal
skills and abilities are not enough for accomplishment of business objectives. According system
leadership leaders should also have some past experience that helps in building effective image
and examples among employees (Peltonen and et. al., 2019) As per this style leaders of
respective organisation should formulate a situation where each & every individual tries for
accomplishment of business objectives with full possible potential.
Contingency leadership: It is the last style of leadership for which possession of special
skills and knowledge is not required for leaders. This is the flexible approach where leaders are
free to use solutions for solving of business problems. In terms of respective organisation this
style of leadership gives leaders freedom towards making employees capable to complete tasks
and duties.
Leadership traits:- These are refers as the special characteristic and abilities of
individuals that makes them capable of leading and guiding others. In terms of respective
organisation following are the traits that makes a leader effective:
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 Communication: It is the essential characteristic of a effective leaders. In terms
of respective organisation leaders should possess impressive and encouraging
communication skills for encouraging subordinates for reaching efficiency in their
performance.
 Creative and innovator: Leader of Aston Martin should have the unique skills
and capabilities to create innovations and creativity within organisation helps in
spreading change within organisation for growth of business.
 Positive attitude: In terms of becoming effective leader of respective firm should
show positive attitude in every situation so as to enhancing the moral of
employees.
 Accountability & responsibility: Leaders of Aston Martin should fulfil their given
promise with their subordinates in order to gain trust and loyalty of employees.
 Honesty: In context of respective organisation leaders should Be honest or
trustworthy so as to set a good example for following by subordinates. This leader
to positive impact on employees.
 Motivating and influencing: Leader of respective company should have the
ability to motivate, encourage and enhancing the moral of employees for
achievement of required tasks and jobs.
 Empathy: In context of respective organisation's leaders should show some
empathy so as to make emotional attachment of employees with organisation for
retaining them long time.
TASK3
P4: Approaches of operation management with role of leaders & managers.
There are several approaches that plays significant role in management of production and
operation of business. Managers & leaders of respective organisation are responsible for
effective and efficient management of operation or administrative department of organisation.
For this purpose they use following approaches:
Total quality management: It is defined as the traditional method which is related to
understanding the impact on total quality cost (Sprock and et. al., 2019). It is based on root belief
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that preventing a loss is cheaper than compromising on quality failures. There are four basic
types of TQM approach described below: Prevention cost: these are the costs created by efforts of eliminating poor quality of
operation. For instance designing of products in such a way that they will be reliable,
durable, providing suitable training for employees in order to do effective job, certifying
suppliers so as to ensure supply of good quality of products and goods & documenting
procedures and improvement of quality. Appraisal cost: Another important type of total quality management approach is related
to the cost which includes in testing & inspection of raw materials, work in progress and
finished goods or products. It is very essential part of managing the total quality of goods
and services. Raw material is root of any product thus, it is very important to manage
appraisal cost within process. Internal failure cost: The third category quality cost are occurred when defects in any
product of good is discovered before reaching with final customers. For instance it
includes reworking product, lost of productivity & quality due to breakage any part of
machine or mistake of labour etc. It is more expensive cost for organisation as compared
to prevention and appraisal cost because it requires more time & efforts of material and
labour for discovering of a defeat. External failure cost: The last or fourth major cost of quality which discover defeat after
reaching of the product by final users. It is most expensive cost of total quality
management method. For example repairs, return of the products, warranty claims, lost of
the reputation and image of brand or firm.
Lean manufacturing approach: It is also a significant approach of managing the waste of
production and manufacturing process of goods & services. It consists of a set of tools that
helps in identifying and eliminating waste which can be created by over burden or
unevenness in workloads (Park and et. al., 2020). This an effective approach of operation
management that has prominent benefits for the firm such as- saving the time & money of
organisation, applicable or suitable for any structure of organisations, due to eco-friendly in
nature it saves cost of energy and fuel, provide flexibility and constant improvements within
the process for achievement of greater efficiency. As per lean manufacturing waste is divided
into three categories defined as follows:
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 Mura: This is the waste or unevenness arises due to fluctuations in demand of
goods and products come from request of customers.
 Muri: It refers as overburden waste occurs due to efforts for doing too much at
once. This is done with allocation of resources.
 Muda: This type of waste refers as the waste of process or non- value adding
work. Lean maximises value and reducing unnecessary waste.
Although as per above observation of both methods have their own importance and
existence but, in case of Uber Technologies Inc. Leaders & managers should use lean
manufacturing method for managing the production and manufacturing process of goods
and products. This will save the crucial time and money of business involves in
discovering of several defeats as per total quality management.
P5: Importance and values of operation management within attainment of goals of Uber.
Operation Management mainly concerned with planning, organising and managing in
factors of production, manufacturing or providing of services. It plays a vital role for business
because it helps in successfully direct, controls and supervises services, goods and people. With
the help of operation management organisation can improve their goods and services
productively (Medini and et. al., 2019). In respect of Uber Technologies Inc., there are many
benefits or advantages of operation management in attaining objectives of business: Productivity: In Uber technologies Inc. element that inspect strength and accuracy in a
product by operation management. It examines quality of goods or products which would
precede customer after and on delivery. When customer gets good quality of product they
are satisfied as comparing to other competitors in market segment it offers productivity
by effective operation management. Sales increases: When company start research and development on new technologies it
helps to increase in sales and to attract & also gain competitive advantages. In context of
Uber Technologies Inc., it uses effective methods of selling their product in market
segment by using different and latest technologies. By this profit and growth of shares in
company is improved. Increase in profit: With help of operation management it helps in increasing profit of
organisation. In terms of respective organisation, profit helps in enlarge business areas
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and also detain in another market segment. By increasing in profit it helps to build new
targets and achieve them. Waste reduction: It is important element of operation management, it includes lean
manufacturing system for reduce waste materials effectively. Waste management is very
prominent factor for Uber Technologies Inc. it is reduced with help of operation
management. So organisation use waste management to improve their profits. Customer Satisfaction: It is a responsibility of every organisation to satisfy their
customers through effective services and product. Operation management accurately
ensures this combination with quality product (de Jesus Pacheco and et. al., 2019). It
helps company to ensure that they acquiring loyalty of customer's towards enterprise. In
Uber Technologies Inc., it provides high standard services to satisfy customer's needs and
wants. This leads tom increase in goodwill of organisation. Market trends: In today's scenario in business area every new day some new other trend
arrives in market segment. These trends help company to achieve objectives and sees
opportunities for it. In Uber Technologies Inc., it offers services to customers as market
trends. So it can increase customer satisfaction and improve goodwill of organisation.
Thus, operation management assist company to have data and information about recent
technologies and trends in market segment.
 Reduction in operating cost: Every organisation aims to increase profitability through
reduce in operating cost. Operation management helps enterprise to control their
resources effectively and this leads organisation to reduce production cost. In terms of
respective organisation, operation management helps enterprise to increase their
profitability rate and reduce operating cost.
Thus, from above it is concluded as, operation management support company to attain
targets and goals by improving quality of goods and services. In addition, it helps organisation to
expand its profits for expand business in other marketplace.
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TASK4
P6: Define the factors that has an influence on operation management and decision-making of
managers & leaders of Uber.
PESTLE Analysis:- It refers as the external or macro environmental factors and
component that affects the performance and decision making process of any organisation (KC,
2019). In context of Aston Martin elements of pestle analysis are discussed as follows:
1. Political factors: Political conditions of UK include political stability, reducing
the rates of tax for local businesses have positive impact on the decision-making
of leaders & managers of respective business towards expansion and growth of
business.
2. Economical factors: Due to pandemic situation or huge recession faced by
United Kingdom slowing the economic development of nation that leads to
negative impact on respective organisation. But, due to fast and quick delivery
services offered by Uber leaders and managers of respective firm should continue
their services for satisfying the needs of customers.
3. Social factors: It is related to cultural and changing buying habits of customers
leads to negative impact on large scale organisations. It impacts the decision
making of leaders and managers of respective firm in terms of making reliable
and convenience its services through the use of Smartphone’s for booking rides.
4. Technological factors: United Kingdom is technological driven country and
engagement of Uber in different online and digital activities such as- booking
online, sharing customer experience through online etc. impact the decisions of
leaders & managers in positive ways.
5. Legal factors: As per legal factors Uber faced bans and criticism this impacts the
decision making of mangers and leaders as they should adopt employee safety
laws, copyright laws etc.
6. Environmental: Uber started a carbon project known as Uber green where riders
have the choice to request of green ride that lades to protect the environment from
pollution and harm. Thus, this factor of UK has positive impact on decision-
making of managers & leaders of respective organisation.
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Although these are the essential factor to study in order to sustainable growth of
organisation that leads to future expansion of business and help in building effective
position within the market as compared to competitors. All these factors create
opportunities of Uber in terms of long term growth and sustainability.
CONCLUSION
From above discussion it is analysed that leaders and managers are important part of any
organisation that possess different characteristics and perform distinct role for successful
operation of business. Further, distinct role and function are performed by leaders & managers of
firm in different situations that has prominent impact on firm’s operation & management.
Moreover different leadership theories and styles, importance of operation management in goals
accomplishment are analysed within the report. At last external factors and their impact on
managers and leaders decision-making are explained in this report.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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and supply chain management. Supply Chain Management: An International
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of Constraints in Operations Management. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma.
de Sousa Jabbour, A.B.L. and et. al., 2019. Circular economy business models and operations
management. Journal of cleaner production. 235. pp.1525-1539.
Glock, C.H. and et. al., 2019. Applications of learning curves in production and operations
management: A systematic literature review. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 131.
pp.422-441.
Kapletia, D. and et. al., 2019. Redistributed manufacturing–challenges for operations
management.
KC, D.S., 2019. Worker Productivity in Operations Management. Available at SSRN 3466947.
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Nahmias, S. and Olsen, T.L., 2020. Production and Operations Analytics. Waveland press.
Park, J.S. and et. al., 2020. Indoor positioning-based mobile resource movement data
management system for smart factory operations management. International Journal of
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Reid, R.D. and Sanders, N.R., 2019. Operations management: an integrated approach. John
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