Assessment of Failed and Successful IT Projects

This paper assesses two IT projects in different organizations, analyzing the reasons behind their success and failure. It discusses the strategies adopted by these organizations and provides a comparative analysis. The paper also includes a literature review on IS planning and interviews with IT managers. Subject: IT Project Management

Running head: ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Assessment of failed and successful IT projects
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Abstract
The primary objective of this paper is to focus and identify two projects from two different
organizations. Detailed description of the business process and description will be presented
in the paper along with their organizational background. The paper will also describe the
strategies adopted by these two organization during the failed and successful projects. The
solution strategies adopted by these commercial establishments during the success and failure
of the projects will be evaluate in this paper in an organized manner. Comparative Analysis
between two organizations and results to the architecture will also be presented in the paper.
The description of the interview will be presented in the pictorial diagram in the appendix
unit of the paper.

2ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Description of Latrobe University.............................................................................................3
Description of Shaukat Khanum memorial cancer and research centre (SKMCH & RC)........5
IS planning.................................................................................................................................6
IS planning literature analysis for Latrobe University...........................................................7
IS planning literature analysis for SKMCH & RC.................................................................8
Response from Latrobe University........................................................................................9
Response from SKMCH & RC..............................................................................................9
Comparative analysis for IS planning..................................................................................10
Comparative of literature and case studies output...................................................................11
Introduction......................................................................................................................11
Significance of the topic...................................................................................................11
Literature Analysis...............................................................................................................13
Comparative Analysis..........................................................................................................15
Conclusion................................................................................................................................18
Reference..................................................................................................................................20
Appendix..................................................................................................................................25

3ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Introduction
The foremost determination of the paper is to focus on the assessment of two IT
projects in two different commercial establishments. The reason behind the success and the
failure of the project in these two different commercial establishments will be discussed in a
detailed manner in this report (DeCenzo, Robbins and Verhulst 2016). This report will have
numerous segments and each of the section can be very much beneficial to understand the
reason behind the success and the failure of the projects in numerous commercial
establishment.
Brief summary of the literature will also be provided in this paper in a detailed
manner from different perspectives. It can also be said that the usefulness of the literature
review will also be stated in the paper.
Description of Latrobe University
Name of the business: Latrobe University is a type of educational establishment
which deal with system application development and system application enhancement.
Location of the business: This educational establishment is located in Plenty Rd &
Kingsbury, Australia.
Size of the IT department: This educational establishment have a dedicated IT team
of 50 employees out of them 30 people work in the development team and the rest of the
professional work in designing, and documentation.
URL of the home page of this educational establishment:
https://www.latrobe.edu.au/

4ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Screen dump of the home page of the website
Figure 1: Home page of the website
(Source: University 2019).
Description of the business
It can also be said that this failure due to delay in scope has an undesirable effect on
the growth and progress of this educational institution. As a result of this failed project
Latrobe University suffered huge financial crisis over a period of time (Eken et al. 2015). The
delay in scope associated this business required extra investments to address the
complications of this failed project. There were numerous reasons behind the failure of this
project and the lack of accurate documentation is considered as one of the most significant
reasons behind this delay (Duffield and Whitty 2015). The agile procedure which were used
by the management team was very much beneficial for this tertiary education provider
establishment as it helped them to optimise each of the departs of the IT team of this
commercial establishment.

5ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Description of Shaukat Khanum memorial cancer and research centre
(SKMCH & RC)
Name of the business: It is one of the largest healthcare establishment in Pakistan
providing a wide range of service to their national as well as international consumers. This
commercial establishment provides huge range of services in terms of healthcare solutions.
Location of the business: This is one of the most significant cancer hospital and
research center located in Lahore, Pakistan.
Size of the IT department: This educational commercial establishment have a
dedicated IT team having both designers, developers, and dedicated professional which have
vast experience of all the emerging unproven technologies which are used in the systems used
in the hospital systems. Technologically advanced systems are used in the working
environment of this commercial establishment. The IT department of this organization deals
with numerous software-based applications, mobile applications and software
implementation.
URL of the home page of this educational establishment:
https://shaukatkhanum.org.pk/
Screen dump of the home page of the website

6ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Figure 2: Home page of their website
(Source: Shaukatkhanum.org.pk. 2019).
Description of the business
This healthcare organization provides huge range of software services in order to
serve each of the patients in an organized manner. The major project which failed in this
commercial establishment is the failed implementation of the online pharma module version.
There were lots of issues associated with this failed project, the initial reason behind this
failed project is the lack of finance management (Finkler, Smith and Calabrese 2018). It can
also be said that this project exhausted the allocated budget and separate investments are
required in the middle of the project in order to continue the project (Eken et al. 2015). The
other reason behind the failed project is the compatibility issue of the resources which are for
using this application. The significance of accurate documentation was identified after this
failed project.
IS planning
Data collected from the internal stakeholders of these commercial organizations helps
in understanding the what were the reasons behind the failed project at the same time the
answers to each of the questions also helps in understanding the significance of efficient

7ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
documentation control which are very much required during the enactment of any new
software or IT systems.
It can be said that Latrobeau deals with numerous system application development,
systematic application enhancement and there are lots of complexities in the enactment of
each of these applications (Karimi, Taylor and Goodrum 2017). IT manager of this
organization has responded to each of the questions in a detailed manner which helps in
identifying the exact issue faced by this organization in terms of the delay due to the changes
in scope and the complexities of the new projects (Karadag 2015). The importance of
maintaining agile project management was also determined from the detailed discussion. The
detailed conversation also helps in identifying how project success and failure is measured.
IT manager of SKMCH & RC helped in understanding the significance of the
employment procedure of any medical system which are provided by the IT department of
SKMCH & RC. The different factors which are responsible for the failure of the project was
understood from the interview (Kanki 2019). The interview also helped in understanding that
an effective implementation plan is very much required during the enactment of the new
software systems. The detailed conversation also determined the importance of the lessons
learnt from SKMCH & RC (Chelladurai and Kerwin 2018). The significance of the managing
the project deliverable, post implementation procedures, are the main learning lessons which
are obtained from the interview.
Thus, these discussions are very much significant to understand the effectiveness of
IS planning for the incorporation of new systems for any business environment.
IS planning literature analysis for Latrobe University
Analysis: Based on the above discussion, it can be said the lessons learned from the
previous projects can be very much useful to manage the complexities of the current projects.

8ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
The discussion can also be very much useful to manage each of the challenges of projects
such as resource management and time management. Based on the discussion of the paper, it
can be said that the probability of success and failure of the can also be identified using the
previous lessons and experiences (Kerzner and Kerzner 2017). It can also be said that
previous mistakes can also be determined using previous projects. The selection and the
management of the resources can also be improved using previous experiences. The concept
of change management can also be determined from the above discussions of the paper. The
risks as well as the complexities of the employment of the IT systems can be efficiently
decreased if the successful implementation of the similar IT systems are analyzed and used in
an organized manner (Larsen et al. 2015). The above discussion from numerous literatures
also helps in understanding the delay in scope and time schedule as these can have a
significant impact on the final outcome of the IT projects. The discussion of the researchers
also helps in understanding the importance of prioritizing of the task in IT projects.
IS planning literature analysis for SKMCH & RC
Analysis: The above discussion are very much useful to understand the importance of
project finance to understand the structure and the future implications of the projects. The
role of the additional sponsors and the investment risks can also be understood from the
above discussion (Muller 2017). Numerous scholars helped in understanding how financial
management can have a huge impact on the both the simple as well as complicated IT
projects. The concept of procurement, financial reporting and internal control systems can
also be understood from these papers as it can have a direct impact on the financial planning
of projects (Martin 2016). The above discussions also monitored that the cash flow of the
project must be controlled using the financial management plan so that the IT project is not
affected by any kinds of financial disruptions. Based on the above discussions, it can be said
that the success of the project depends not only on finance management as well as resource

9ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
management (Chaves et al. 2016). It can also be understood that the long term financial goals
as well as the short term financial goals of the end product of the products has to be
considered during the planning phase of the project itself in order to address the financial
uncertainties of the projects (McKinney 2015). Literatures helped in understanding the how
the financial management can be very much useful to make most of the essential financial
decisions required in the complex projects. The six steps of the financial planning process
was highlighted can also be understood from these papers. The transparency must be
maintained in most of the business transactions as it can ensure the financial stability of the
projects according to the literatures.
Response from Latrobe University
Based on the interview it can be said Latrobe University is an educational
organizational having a dedicated IT department which deals with numerous categories of
services such as the system application, system application enhancement, system application
development. None of the projects failed in this organization; however, it can be said that
there are numerous challenges associated with this commercial establishment in terms of the
delay in scope. This organization has adopted the agile approach, which helps them to deal to
counter the delay in scope. LPM principles are considered by this organization in order to
provide high quality services to the end users. The continuous learning process of this
organization results in understanding the defects in the production rooms and make less
changes to the project schedule. This organization uses the project management matrix to
measure success as well as the failure of the undertaken projects.
Response from SKMCH & RC
The interview helps in understanding that SKMCH & RC is a healthcare
establishment having a dedicated IT team. The developers of the IT departments, develop IT

10ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
systems which are used in the hospital premises itself. The failed project of this organization
is the unprofessional enactment of new software which is the online pharma module version.
The main reason behind this failed project is inefficient resource management and financial
management. The documentation of this organization are very much used in most of the
similar projects. Each of the learning ongoing processed are used in multiple projects in this
organization. It can be seen that following up of the previous exercises was very much
beneficial for this organization from business perspective. The measurement of the failure
and the success are determined considering the deliverables and post implementation
procedures which are practised in this commercial establishments.
Comparative analysis for IS planning
Based on the above discussions it can be said that the business of these two
commercial establishments are very much different from each other as Latrobe University is
an educational institution and SKMCH & RC is a healthcare establishment.
Based on the detailed interview, it can be said that the business process of Latrobe
University can be further improved using the scope management plan. It can also be said that
the delay in each phase of the projects can be addressed using the professional project
scheduling technique in terms of Gnatt charts (Noe et al. 2017). However, it can also be said
that the limitation of Agile and the LPM principles must be planned and organized in a
professional manner so that the continuous learning process is maintained in this
organization.
The interview of the IT manager of SKMCH & RC helps in understanding that this is
a healthcare organization having a dedicated IT unit providing a wide range of service which
are used in the hospital sectors only. The failed project of this hotel is the failed
implementation of a new software and the reason behind this failure is the budget issue and

11ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
lack of human resources (Oyewobi, Abiola-Falemu and Ibironke 2016). It can be said that the
financial issue can be addressed using efficient financial plan and the need new recruitment
strategies can be very much important to recruit new resources which can work very
professionally for this organization.
Comparative of literature and case studies output
Introduction
The topics which will be analysed in this management of the time and resource as it
can be one of the main reasons behind the success and failure of the projects (Brewster,
Mayrhofer and Morley 2016). The other topic which will be analysed is the importance of
learning from previous experiences and significance of the lean project management concept
as these practices can be very much significant for the success as well as the failure of
projects.
Significance of the topic
Resource and Time Management: Project finance management can be very much
important to ensure that the project completes successfully within the assigned deadlines and
the resource (Brewster, Chung and Sparrow 2016). The selection of the resources and
importance of managing each phases of the project are important to manage the resource and
time management. It can also be said that understanding how financial management and time
management is very much important to ensure the prosperity of the project (Renz 2016). The
flow of cash can also be very much significant to understand the cost of debt. The success of
the project depends mostly on the management of finances and time constraints. The strategic
importance of financial management was highlighted in the paper in a professional manner
(Oyewobi et al. 2016). Business plans must be altered in the first place so that the efficiency

12ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
of the business projects is maintained. The supply of the funds can be managed in an
organized way if finances are managed professionally using the project managers.
Justification behind choosing: The shareholders of the projects can also be
significantly benefited from the financial management plan which can help them to
understand the complexities of resource and financial management. Financial regulations of
the projects are managed professionally using financial management techniques. The
enhanced financial control are very much required in the complex projects is it address the
time and resource constraints. Different aspects of financial management such as recruitment
of the corporate manager, financial advisor, budget analysts, credit analysts, financial
planners, and investment bankers are very much important to solve the complexities of the
resource management.
Significance of learning experience: Lessons learn from previous projects can be
very much useful to address the complexities of the current projects. The concept of best
practices and design is always being used numerous organizations (Sadgrove 2016). Resource
management and time schedule management are the prime challenges faced by commercial
establishment which are addressed using the lessons learned from the previous exercises and
projects (Bratton and Gold 2017). The previous mistakes of the projects can be successfully
addressed using the previous exercises. The advantages and the disadvantages of the project
factors are considered to review the probability of the success and the failure of the projects.
Justification behind choosing: The selection of the resource is the most significant
aspect of the employment of the IT system, each of the resources are recruited according to
the necessities of the project which can be very much beneficial to minimize the risk and
uncertainties of the project of this organization.

13ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Significance of lean project management practices: Lean project management
process can be very much significant to understand and mitigate the continuous learning
procedure. The defects in the service offered from the projects can be effectively addressed
using the concept of lean project management (Sepasgozar, Razkenari and Barati 2015). The
delivery and the timeframe of the projects can be successfully addressed using the concept of
lean project management (Berman et al. 2019). The improvement of inventory control is
possible after the use of lean concepts.
Justification of choosing: The visibility of the projects can be efficiently addressed
using lean project management. It can also be said that the priorities of the project can be set
and understood in a better way using lean project management concepts. Both the short terms
as well as the long terms goals of the projects can be categorized and identified using the lean
project principles. It can also be said that the role of each of the stakeholders involved in the
projects can be reviewed and monitored using the lean project principles as well. Control
over the risk of the projects is possible using the LPM principles. The prominence of
managing the flow of traffic in a dedicated IT system using the LPM principles.
Literature Analysis
Latrobe University
The prime challenges faced by this educational institution is the delay due to the
scope changes, this educational institution is facing huge challenges in terms of the
performance of the stakeholders which is the main reason behind the occurrence of this issue
(Bekaert and Hodrick 2017). The deployment of the resources is also one of the prime
challenge of this educational establishment. This commercial establishment also uses lean
project management concepts to address these issue

14ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
As discussed by Sadgrove (2016), delay in scope changes can have significant impact
on the future of IT projects. The investigator of the paper highlighted that any kinds of delay
can have a significant impact on both the internal as well as the external stakeholders of the
project. The investigator of the paper stated that these delay have an undesirable impact on
the future of the projects (Tauriainen et al. 2016). The investigator of the paper successfully
identified the numerous reasons which are the main reasons behind the success of projects.
The investigator of the paper stated that prioritizing of the task can be very much useful to
minimize the delay issue, at the same time, the investigator of the paper successfully
highlighted the different categories of counter measures in terms of the project scheduling
techniques using Gnatt charts. Nevertheless Zinzani (2015), stated that tracking most of the
services vigilantly can be very much important to minimize the delay in scope changes.
Record each of the changes can be very much important to be managed in the first place in
order to avoid any kinds of delay in scope and schedule.
Analysis: The decision making capabilities of this organization must be improved
using the LPM principles as there are lots of benefits and limitations associated with the LPM
principles. The identified the limitation of LPM principles in terms of the very little room for
errors for this organization. There are lots of complexities associated with the enactment of
the LPM principles. Operation failure is the other significant characteristic feature of most of
the projects which follows the lean project management concepts (Vasilyeva-Lyulina, Onishi
and Kobayashi 2015). The cost of implementation of the LPM principles of the LPM
principles which is very much on the higher side as compared with the other similar
principles which has to be kept in mind to address the delay in scope of this educational
institution.

15ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
SKMCH & RC
The prime reason behind the failure of the enactment of an online software is lack of
human resources and ineffective financial management of the project. This healthcare
organization released new funds in order to deal with their financial problem and new
recruitments were also done to address the reason behind the failed enactment of the new
software.
According to Eken et al. (2015), mobilization was very much important to measure
the success as well as the failure of the projects in this intuition as well. The investigator of
this paper stated that the mistakes of the project can be successfully minimized if all the
project team members are mobilized. The significance of the toll gate was also stated by the
researcher in a detailed manner. The investigator of this paper also stated that each of the
milestones of a project can be tracked and monitored if mobility is maintained between each
of the project team members (Vu et al. 2015). The significance of the change request and the
change management was also stated by the investigator of this paper. The researcher added
that the project closure phase is the most important phase of a project which can be enhanced
using the lessons learned from the previous projects. Even though Wiewiora and Murphy
(2015), added that the lessons learned from the previous projects has to be monitored and
evaluated very critically to understand the areas of improvement. The investigator of the
paper stated that the continuous learning process can be very much useful to address the
defects of the projects in terms of the extra finance which were required in the middle of the
enactment of a new software. The investigator of the paper stated that improvements can be
made in an organized manner using the continuous process.
Analysis: Thus, it can be said that human resources can be effectively managed using
the mobilisation of human resources. It can also be identified that human resource

16ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
management and strategic recruitment of human resources according the necessities of the
project can be very much important solve the resource issue faced by this institution. Each of
the human resources must be acting professionally from the starting phase to the project
closure phase. It can also be analysed that the financials resource management and IT
governance plan can be very much significant to address the financial issue which was faced
by this organization.
Comparative Analysis
Based on the results obtained from the interview and literature analysis it can be said
that the reason behind the delay in scope of Latrobe University which was addressed using
the agile approach will not be always successful. It can be said that poor resource planning
and shared documentation are one of the key limitation of the agile approach which could
have an undesirable impact on the growth and productivity of this educational establishment
(Winter and Chaves 2017). It can also be stated that project closure should be monitored
very closely by the project managers in order to address each of the complexities of system
application development and system application enhancement. However, it can also be said
that using schedule management techniques are not very much useful to manage the time of
each phase of the project. It can be said that the continuous learning process of this
commercial establishment can be significantly affected after the use of the project scheduling
technique (Wiewiora and Murphy 2015). It can also be said that there are lots of limitation of
project management office matrixes such as the changes in the business process. It must be
said that efficiency of the resources are very much desired to manage the project management
office matrixes. Most of the issue and risks of the project management office matrixes in
terms of the increased over load between the worker who are employed in the projects can
have an undesirable impact on the production rooms of this commercial establishment. The
personal cost each of the labours is the other significant limitation of the project management

17ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
office matrixes which has to be kept in mind so that the future delay in the production room
can be adjusted (Zakharov, Van Epps and Nixon 2018). It can be said that this commercial
establishment can consider a risk management plan which can help them to identify and
mitigate all the reasons which causes delay in project schedule. The following up of the risk
management plan is also very much useful to ensure the continuous development procedure
of this organization.
Based on the results obtained from the interview and literature analysis it can also be
said that failed implementation of the new software in the business environment of SKMCH
& RC which a type of healthcare organization should have been considering the financial
management plan and resource management plan before starting of the enactment of the new
software (Barr and McClellan 2018). It can also be said that limitation of the resource
management plan in terms of the uncertainties as well as the financial management plan in
terms of identification of the source of the funds and complexities of the financial statements.
Latrobe University uses the experiences learned from the previous experiences as well
as Agile project management method in order to address the complexities of the deployment
of the system application development and system application enhancement, However,
SKMCH & RC have no such procedures to address the complexity of the production rooms
(Zietlow et al. 2018). The approach required to deal with the complexities in each of the two
organization are completely different from each other.
Comparing the literature analysis, it can be said the business process of a healthcare
organization is completely different from an educational industry. It can also be said that each
of the risk mitigation procedure are completely different from each other. It can also be said
how the change can must be understood by each of the stakeholders of Latrobe University. It
can also be said that change leadership must also be considered along with change

18ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
management (Hussain and Malik 2016). It can also be said that the communication process is
very much beneficial among each of the stakeholders of this university the future ventures
does snot suffers the same delay in scope.
SKMCH & RC had issues regarding the enactment of a new software in terms of the
resource management, it can be said that a systematic approach can be very much beneficial
to manage each of the resources associated with this healthcare organization. Resource
management software can be very much significant to understand the importance of each of
the resources associated with this healthcare provider. It can also be said that the streamline
cost, waste elimination and the profitability levels can be successfully addressed using the
resource co-ordination software as it can help this commercial establishment cut down lots of
additional cost of this organization and reduce the visualization of the resources (Brioso
2015). It can also be said that the lessons learned from the previous experiences must be well
documented and critically reviewed so that the inconsistencies if the previous project can be
avoided in the first place. The success and the failure of the projects which are determined
using the cost and deliverables of the project can be revised using the Key Performance
Indicators such as Net Promoter Score and the Cycle time of the service provided by this
healthcare provider organization.
The other significant comparison which can be made be considered between the two
business establishments is the comparison between the strategies adopted by these two
organizations in order to deal with challenges in terms of selection of the human resources
(Bortolotti, Boscari and Danese 2015). It can be said that advanced employee recruitment
techniques in terms of social recruitment strategies and referral recruitment strategies. It can
be said that efficient recruitment strategies must be selected in such a way so that the business
can be positively affected using professional recruitment services (Biazzo, Panizzolo and de

19ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Crescenzo 2016). Thus, it can be said the delay in project scheduling in Latrobe University
can also be successfully addressed using the efficient human resources and project scheduling
procedures, at the same time it must be said that the project scheduling produces must be
monitored and evaluated on a daily basis so that the future delays can be minimized.
Conclusion
The paper was very much helpful to understand and critically analyze the reason
behind the success and failure of project in two different commercial establishments. The
main reason behind the success of the educational institution is the following of the lessons
learned from the previous exercises and also the incorporation of the agile project
management procedures. The significance of the lean principles can also be understood from
this paper, which is the main reason behind the success of the projects undertaken by Latrobe
University.
The paper also identifies the significance of the resource management plan as well as
the schedule management plan which can be very much useful to address the future ventures
of SKMCH & RC as this organization had a failed project where the enactment procedure of
a software failed due to the lack of efficient human resources and unprofessional financial
management. The gap between current business practise and the literature analysis was also
concluded from this paper in details manner. The paper is very much helpful for most of the
commercial establishment who wanted to incorporate any new technology in their business
environment.

20ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Reference
Barr, M.J. and McClellan, G.S., 2018. Budgets and financial management in higher
education. John Wiley & Sons.
Bekaert, G. and Hodrick, R., 2017. International financial management. Cambridge
University Press.
Berman, E.M., Bowman, J.S., West, J.P. and Van Wart, M.R., 2019. Human resource
management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. CQ Press.
Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave.
Brewster, C., Chung, C. and Sparrow, P., 2016. Globalizing human resource management.
Routledge.
Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. and Morley, M. eds., 2016. New challenges for European
resource management. Springer.
Chaves, M.S., Araújo, C.D., Teixeira, L., Rosa, D., Júnior, I. and Nogueira, C., 2016. A new
approach to managing Lessons Learned in PMBoK process groups: the Ballistic 2.0 Model.
International journal of information systems and project management, 4(1), pp.27-45.
Chelladurai, P. and Kerwin, S., 2018. Human resource management in sport and recreation.
Human Kinetics.
DeCenzo, D.A., Robbins, S.P. and Verhulst, S.L., 2016. Fundamentals of Human Resource
Management, Binder Ready Version. John Wiley & Sons.
Duffield, S. and Whitty, S.J., 2015. Developing a systemic lessons learned knowledge model
for organisational learning through projects. International journal of project management,
33(2), pp.311-324.

21ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Eken, G., Bilgin, G., Dikmen, I. and Birgonul, M.T., 2015. A lessons learned database
structure for construction companies. Procedia Engineering, 123, pp.135-144.
Finkler, S.A., Smith, D.L. and Calabrese, T.D., 2018. Financial management for public,
health, and not-for-profit organizations. CQ Press.
Kanki, B.G., 2019. Communication and crew resource management. In Crew resource
management (pp. 103-137). Academic Press.
Karadag, H., 2015. Financial management challenges in small and medium-sized enterprises:
A strategic management approach. EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal, 5(1), pp.26-40.
Karimi, H., Taylor, T.R. and Goodrum, P.M., 2017. Analysis of the impact of craft labour
availability on North American construction project productivity and schedule performance.
Construction management and economics, 35(6), pp.368-380.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H.R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Larsen, J.K., Shen, G.Q., Lindhard, S.M. and Brunoe, T.D., 2015. Factors affecting schedule
delay, cost overrun, and quality level in public construction projects. Journal of Management
in Engineering, 32(1), p.04015032.
Martin, L.L., 2016. Financial management for human service administrators. Waveland
Press.
Martin, L.L., 2016. Financial management for human service administrators. Waveland
Press.
McKinney, J.B., 2015. Effective financial management in public and nonprofit agencies.
ABC-CLIO.

22ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Muller, R., 2017. Project governance. Routledge.
Noe, R.A., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B. and Wright, P.M., 2017. Human resource
management: Gaining a competitive advantage. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Oyewobi, L.O., Abiola-Falemu, O. and Ibironke, O.T., 2016. The impact of rework and
organisational culture on project delivery. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology,
14(2), pp.214-237.
Oyewobi, L.O., Jimoh, R., Ganiyu, B.O. and Shittu, A.A., 2016. Analysis of causes and
impact of variation order on educational building projects. Journal of Facilities Management,
14(2), pp.139-164.
Renz, D.O., 2016. The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John
Wiley & Sons.
Sadgrove, K., 2016. The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge.
Sepasgozar, S.M., Razkenari, M.A. and Barati, K., 2015. The importance of new technology
for delay mitigation in construction projects. American Journal of Civil Engineering and
Architecture, 3(1), pp.15-20.
Shaukatkhanum.org.pk. (2019). Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital & Research
Centre. [online] Available at: https://shaukatkhanum.org.pk/ [Accessed 12 Jun. 2019].
Tauriainen, M., Marttinen, P., Dave, B. and Koskela, L., 2016, June. BIM and lean
construction change design management practices. In Proceedings of the Creative
Construction Conference. Budapest (Hungary) (pp. 668-673).
University, L. (2019). Home. [online] Latrobe.edu.au. Available at:
https://www.latrobe.edu.au/ [Accessed 12 Jun. 2019].

23ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Vasilyeva-Lyulina, A., Onishi, M. and Kobayashi, K., 2015. Delay analysis methods for
construction projects: Mathematical modelling. Int. J. Transp, 3(1), pp.27-36.
Vu, H.A., Wang, J., Min, L. and Nguyen, T.N., 2015. Impacts of the Financial Factors on
Schedule Delays Risk of the International Contracting Projects: Evidence from Highway
BOT Pro-jects in Vietnam. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 3(04), p.311.
Wiewiora, A. and Murphy, G., 2015. Unpacking ‘lessons learned’: investigating failures and
considering alternative solutions. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 13(1),
pp.17-30.
Winter, R. and Chaves, M.S., 2017. Innovation in the management of lessons learned in an IT
project with the adoption of social media. International Journal of Innovation: IJI Journal,
5(2), pp.156-170.
Zakharov, W., Van Epps, A. and Nixon, J., 2018. Interdisciplinary collaboration: Lessons
learned from systematic review research projects.
Zietlow, J., Hankin, J.A., Seidner, A. and O'Brien, T., 2018. Financial management for
nonprofit organizations: policies and practices. John Wiley & Sons.
Hussain, M. and Malik, M., 2016. Prioritizing lean management practices in public and
private hospitals. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 30(3), pp.457-474.
Brioso, X., 2015. Integrating ISO 21500 guidance on project management, lean construction
and PMBOK. Procedia Engineering, 123, pp.76-84.
Bortolotti, T., Boscari, S. and Danese, P., 2015. Successful lean implementation:
Organizational culture and soft lean practices. International Journal of Production
Economics, 160, pp.182-201.

24ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Biazzo, S., Panizzolo, R. and de Crescenzo, A.M., 2016. Lean management and product
innovation: a critical review. In Understanding the Lean Enterprise (pp. 237-260). Springer,
Cham.

25ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Appendix
Figure 1: Interview from IT manager of SKMCH & RC

26ASSESSMENT OF FAILED AND SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECTS
Figure 2: Interview from IT manager of Latrobe University