Assessment of Istanbul as a Tourist Destination.

Running head: TOURISM MANAGEMENT
ASSESSMENT OF ISTANBUL AS A TOURIST DESTINATION
Name of the student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

1ASSESSMENT OF ISTANBUL AS A TOURIST DESTINATION
TASK 2: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRPAHY
Introduction
Tourism management covers most aspects of business and cultural management. As
tourism is one of the major source of revenue in many countries studying its nature and
objectives is very important. The following is an annotated bibliography of various journals and
their research methodology on various aspects of tourism in Istanbul.
Article 1
Altunel, M.C. and Erkurt, B., 2015. Cultural tourism in Istanbul: The mediation effect of
tourist experience and satisfaction on the relationship between involvement and
recommendation intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4(4), pp.213-
221
Objective: The tourism in Istanbul has always been one of the important contributor to the
Istanbul’s economy. People come to experience the unique culture that Istanbul represents and
this study aims to test the model that links the involvement of the satisfaction, experience and
recommendation from the point of view of cultural tourism. The primary objective of the article
is to understand the correlation of understanding of culture and the way it influences the tourism
development.
Methodology: The study uses quantitative data through a survey from various historical areas
of Istanbul mainly the Sultanahmet area of Istanbul. The article provides secondary data using
qualitative research methodology to provide suggestion about the theoretical and managerial
impacts for future researchers and practitioners. It derives its sources from various sources such
as case studies, journals history sources and others to provide with the research. The main

2ASSESSMENT OF ISTANBUL AS A TOURIST DESTINATION
limitation of the article is that the survey was restricted to the Sultanahmet district of Istanbul.
The article provides understanding on the cultural implication in tourist development in Istanbul
hence it is relevant to the case study.
Analysis: There are various implication that drives certain industries while some are
geographical location some are the historical and cultural point of view that draws tourists. It
studies the impact of the cultural implications that influences tourism in Istanbul and analyses the
effect of the learning the culture the way it influences the development of experience quality.
Through its survey in Sulltanahmet district they have been able to establish the connection of the
topic with the cultural learning and the overall tourist satisfaction regarding the same. The study
suggests that more strategies needs to be developed to target different tourist groups so as to
boost the tourism industry in Istanbul. The following article is relevant for the case study as it
provides relevant sources of literature to understand the cultural impact and its importance in
boosting the tourism industry.
Article 2
Șengür, F.K. and Hemdİl, Ö., 2014. International air transport and inbound tourism
interaction: the case of Istanbul. In International Antalya Hospitality Tourism and Travel
Research conference proceedings, Antalya, Turkey, 9-12 December 2014 (pp. 371-390).
Akdeniz University, Tourism Faculty.
Objective: Transportation and the area accessibility is one of the most important factors in
tourism. The area needs to be well connected to aid the tourist to reach their destination, this is a
driving factor of tourist to an area. There are several factors that contribute to performance and
capacity of air transport that are in direct interaction with the tourism industry. The objective of

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the article is to understand the relation of inbound foreign tourist interaction and the aviation
industry boom.
Methodology: The article exclusively explores the tourist influx and the development of the
tourism industry in Istanbul during the time 2004-2014. It uses qualitative secondary research
methodology relying on various sources such as tourist facilities, aviation routes, bed capacity
and other to compile the data. It uses many sources to derive its information for the compilation
of the data. The data also helps to understand the correlation of development in various sectors of
tourism including the infrastructure that is important of the tourism industry and is directly
related to the influx of foreign tourist into the country.
Analysis: Influx of foreign tourist is essential in increasing international tourist capacity. It
means that the more tourist there will be an improvement in the infrastructure to accommodate
the growing tourist influx. This means the growth of aviation routes, bed capacity, travel
agencies and most importantly the growth in the number of foreign tourist visiting the country.
The article studies the nature of the tourist preferences thoroughly and their habits that influences
future development of the country. The study analyses the behaviour pattern of the foreign
tourist and their influences in their decision making policies for the tourist activities or hotels.
The article concludes that changes in the international aviation scenario in Istanbul has resulted
the development of the city in terms of infrastructure and development if the city and nearby
areas to improve to boost the tourism industry further. With the growing number of foreign
tourists there is socio-economic as well cultural change within the country’s capital and nearby
area. The conditions are made in accordance to the need of the tourists to enable them to have a
good stay in the country and keep choosing Istanbul as their tourist destination but also keep
suggesting to their friends and families. This is a relevant article that helps in understanding the

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relation between inbound aviation and development of foreign tourist and its impact on the
development of the country.
Article 3
Gulbahar, M.O. and Yildirim, F., 2015. Marketing efforts related to social media channels
and mobile application usage in tourism: Case study in Istanbul. Procedia-Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 195, pp.453-462.
Objective: The emergence of the social media is extremely important and relevant in the
development of tourism. The recent tendency seen among various companies is to expand their
businesses further. Social media may not take much money in setting a social media account
which can be helpful to have a global reach. The use of mobile applications, business web pages
are being designed to increase market reach. This whole new niche is booming and becoming
instrumental in the growth of the tourism industry in Istanbul. Therefore, the primary objective
of the article is to analyse the role of social media and its influences on the tourist in the growth
of tourism industry in Turkey.
Methodology: The methodology used in the following article is both qualitative and
quantitative research. The qualitative research is achieved through using secondary research
method, using thorough literature review of various articles that analysed the customers view
point, search engines and how the recommendation from a closed group such as friends and
colleagues influenced their choices. The data also contains various information given by the
hotel managers. In the primary research the authors collected data from the important research
sources to obtain the data statistics of the role that mobile application play in the social
marketing strategy of the tourism industry.

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Analysis: The reach of social media has increased phenomenally. It has become possible of the
foreign tourist to understand and make travel plan sitting in the comfort of their homes. The
expansion of social media has allowed the small independent business owners to have their
business more easily and promote it through the use of various social media platforms such as
Facebook, Twitter, Airbnb and others. This is relevant piece of article as it provides information
regarding various usage of social media platforms and the best possible way to use it in order to
get better business. The article is useful in the case study as well as it gives a better idea of the
usability of social media platforms in tourism industry of Turkey which is relevant in case of
Istanbul.
Article 4
Pile, T. (2019). The good, bad and ugly sides to a holiday in Istanbul. [online] South China
Morning Post. Available at:
https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/2112985/good-bad-and-
ugly-sides-being-tourist-istanbul [Accessed 20 Dec. 2019].
Objective: The following is an article Post Magazine. The article is expressive in explain
various facets of the Istanbul life and destination The article deal with various aspects of the
tourism in Istanbul from the tourist viewpoint and provides future tourist gain some perspective
on what to expect in Istanbul. The primary objective of the article is to allow the readers on the
various aspects of Istanbul.
Methodology: Article uses most of the secondary data for a qualitative research on the overall
tourism activities that be undertaken by the tourists in Istanbul. The author has taken his sources

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from personal experience and various books and literature to substantiate the research. The
article is divided in three subparts to allow the information to be understood by the readers.
Analysis: The point of view is non Turkish and provides thorough information for the
foreigners which can help to understand the in-house tourist practices that are not good for
tourism practices. The article is divided into the good, the bad and the ugly where the author is
able to successfully deliver the ideas which make Istanbul a mixed experience. In the first part of
the article there are description the various good part of Istanbul such the food, architecture and
the cultural experience that is set to appease a tourist. The second part of the of article is the bad
part where the author highlights the issues in Istanbul tourism industry which draws the attention
to the ecological issues that pertains to the area such as the traffic jams in the cities, the
problematic behaviour of the taxi drivers who charge the tourist extra. The next part of the article
is “Ugly” is the mention of mass shooting in the Besiktas nightclub which resulted in the death
of many tourists. In analysis, the article is an important guide for the foreign tourist and also
written from the perspective of foreign tourist. This is a useful literature of the tourism
developers in Istanbul and government who can help to resolve the issues and create a better
environment of the future foreign tourist. The following article is useful in the case study as it
provides information regarding the various aspects 0fo the tourism in Istanbul.
Article 5
Vora, S. (2019). Tourism to Turkey: Challenges and Hope. [online] Nytimes.com. Available
at: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/06/travel/turkey-tourism-terrorism.html [Accessed 20
Dec. 2019].

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Objective: Every place has it challenges that can be deterrent factor to the tourism industry in
that particular area. Eventually when a tourist area is declared as a problematic area that can
particularly be harmful for its growth and development. Modern times have the new age
violence of terrorism that is effecting most of the global cities which has costed the tourism
sector. This following article in New York Times explores the challenges that Turkey faces and
explores the hope to the challenges in the tourism in Turkey. The primary objective of the news
article is to provide the challenges of the tourism industry in Turkey.
Methodology: The article use qualitative research methodology and secondary research
techniques. It uses various literature sources such as the news articles, websites, and historical
evidence to provide a very relevant piece of literature in understanding the tourism industry in
Istanbul. The information is relevant to tourist who intend to travel to the area. The article talks
at length about the issues within the country such as the terrorism and has influenced the influx
of foreign tourist significantly. The article provides data to show the decline in tourism in
Turkish tourism.
Analysis: The article points out that due to terrorism activity points that there has been a
reduction in American tourists by 20%. The news article further states that while most of the
hotels, cruises and others are experiencing more cancellation now that ever it still a reason to
remain hopeful in overcoming the challenges that Turkey tourism is currently facing. The chain
hotels and luxury places are running at a loss and therefore the tourism sector is suffering and the
current state is not good for the socio economic condition of the employees of these business.
The political situation among other countries such as Russia which previously issues a ban of
Russian people from entering the country of Turkey. As a result of which the country has
suffered a lot in the loss of resources and interpersonal relation among countries. As the Russians

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are the second largest tourist group in Turkey it is huge loss. However the article elaborates on
improved political relations with Russian government which may help to elevate the state of the
country’s tourism sector significantly. The current topic is relevant to my case study as political
situation is one of the most important driving factor for the economy and also for tourism. Inter-
country relationship may help to increase or decrease the influx of tourist significantly.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the following journals and newspaper articles have been useful in
understanding the various aspects of tourism in Istanbul. The articles suggest that the economy
of the country benefits heavily from the foreign currency which is directly proportional to the
accessibility of the place and improved infrastructure.

9ASSESSMENT OF ISTANBUL AS A TOURIST DESTINATION
Reference
Altunel, M.C. and Erkurt, B., 2015. Cultural tourism in Istanbul: The mediation effect of tourist
experience and satisfaction on the relationship between involvement and recommendation
intention. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 4(4), pp.213-221.
Gulbahar, M.O. and Yildirim, F., 2015. Marketing efforts related to social media channels and
mobile application usage in tourism: Case study in Istanbul. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 195, pp.453-462.
Pile, T. (2019). The good, bad and ugly sides to a holiday in Istanbul. [online] South China
Morning Post. Available at:
https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/2112985/good-bad-and-ugly-
sides-being-tourist-istanbul [Accessed 20 Dec. 2019].
Șengür, F.K. and Hemdİl, Ö., 2014. International air transport and inbound tourism interaction:
the case of Istanbul. In International Antalya Hospitality Tourism and Travel Research
conference proceedings, Antalya, Turkey, 9-12 December 2014 (pp. 371-390). Akdeniz
University, Tourism Faculty.
Vora, S. (2019). Tourism to Turkey: Challenges and Hope. [online] Nytimes.com. Available at:
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/06/travel/turkey-tourism-terrorism.html [Accessed 20 Dec.
2019].