Assessment SPSS

This document presents a study conducted on university students using SPSS software to investigate mental, social, and academic issues. The study tests hypotheses related to family problems, peer support, substance use, and study difficulties. Regression, independent samples t-test, chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA are used for analysis.

Assessment SPSS

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Methods...........................................................................................................................................2
Results..............................................................................................................................................3
Analysis 1:...................................................................................................................................3
Analysis 2:...................................................................................................................................4
Analysis 3:...................................................................................................................................5
Analysis 4:...................................................................................................................................6
Discussion........................................................................................................................................8
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Introduction
A study on 235 university students is intended to be conducted who has attended a
university of mental health clinic. This study aims to investigate four research hypothesis by
using social studies application software i.e., SPSS. This investigation will revolve around
mental, social and academic issues and capabilities of 235 students. Developed research
hypothesis are presented below:
 H1: There is no relationship between family problems and addiction & depression
severity of participants
 H2: The mean for peer support perceived by students having social problems and
students not having social problems is same.
 H3: There is no relationship between substance use and police records
 H4: There is no changes in self reported difficulties in relation to studies over time.
The above developed hypotheses are selected by considering their rationale which states that
the hypotheses will be able to analyse whether problems faced in personal life (family problems)
impacts and induces the addiction and depression severity in students. Besides this, a hypothesis
has been devised for this investigation with the rationale of analysing whether support received
from peers can reduce the social problems gained by students or not. The above hypotheses not
only focuses on societal and mental issues but also concerned over the academic aspects due to
which a hypothesis has developed stating whether the difficulties in studies increase with every
term or not. Along with all these aspects, a hypothesis is created which can help in identifying
the relationship between the drug use and police record by which an analysis will be gain that
which substance encourages criminal activities in participants.
Methods
Regression is an inferential statistics model which is used to test hypothesis 1 as there are
two continuous and one categorical variable. This model is only justified by the type of variables
used but is also justified because of the correlation coefficient which will help to identify
existence of any significant relationship between dependent and impendent variables.
Independent samples t-test is used to test the hypothesis 2 as this model is appropriate for
factor variable having two categories which in this case are Yes and No categories of social
problems. This model will help to first compute mean of peer support in both the categories and
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then analyse whether there is a difference in means of two categories and whether such
difference is significant or not.
Chi square test is a non parametric test which is used to test hypothesis 4 as it is most
appropriate test for analysing the relationship between two categorical variables which in this
case is police records and substance use. Chi square test is conducted along with cross tabulation
statistics which will help in analysing cross related relationships.
Repeated measures ANOVA is used for check the viability of hypothesis 4. The reason
behind selecting this ANOVA model is the time frame. Similar data regarding study difficulty
has been recorded five times over 5 terms and in order to check whether this data is changing
over time, the model of Repeated measures ANOVA is most suitable.
Results
Analysis 1:
The first analysis is for testing first hypothesis using regression and the most important statistic
in the regression output is R and R square. R value is representing .294 which implies there is a
significant overall correlation among variables. The R square value is .087 implying family
problems results into 8% variation in addiction and depression severity.
Besides, model summary, the table of ANOVA represents evidence of the relationship between
variables. By observing regression output it has been identified that there is a significant
relationship between family problems and addiction and depression severity which rejects the
null hypothesis (F (2) = 11.004, p < 0.05).
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Although, it has already concluded that the hypothesis is rejected, the table of coefficients
can be used to identify which of the two or both of the independent variables are significantly
related with family problems. The p value in case of addiction severity is .003 and in case of
depression severity is 0.45; as both the p values are less than 0.05, it can be said that addiction
and depression both are impacted and resulted from family problems.
Analysis 2:
In this analysis, second hypothesis has been tested and the results as SPSS output are
attached below. The statistics table of such output is clearly reflects mean values of both
categories of social problems. The students who does not have any social problems has mean
peer support of 174 and the students who has social problems has average peer support of 61.
This clearly shows that there is a difference in mean in both the groups but whether this mean is
significant or not will be tested by looking at “Independent Samples Test” table.
The below output has table of Independent Samples Test which has two rows for
significance values and in order to identify which of these values is required to be considered,
the Levene’s test is used. The p value of Levene’s test is .456 which is higher than .05 implying
the row of “Equal variances assumed” must be considered. By looking at the results of such row,
it has been observed that there is a significant difference in mean peer support for students who
has social problems and students who do not have social problems (t (233) = 5.23, p < .05).
The hypothesis 2 has been rejected and implying that the students who receives high peer
support does not have social problems.
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Analysis 3:
In this analysis, 3rd hypothesis will be tested in order to identify that whether there is a
relationship between substance use and police record. As both of the variables used in this
analysis, the SPSS output attached below has a chi square test. The cross tabulation table shows
that the people who consumes nicotine rarely has a police record and the participants consuming
stimulants have high degree of police record; but this relationship can just be a mere co
incidence. To evidently check the relationship, the chi square is required to be analysed.
By looking over the results of chi square, it has been seen that the p or significance value
is .000 which is less than .05 implying there is a significant relationship between police record
and substance use. This rejects the null hypothesis implying there is a significant relationship
between variables.
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The null hypothesis has already been rejected, but the above bar graph is representing
that the participants who use stimulants has higher chances of having a police record followed by
alcohol and nicotine use.
Analysis 4:
In this analysis 4th and last hypothesis is tested to check whether self reported academic
difficulties are changing overtime. For this the SPSS output of repeated measures ANOVA is
attached below. The first output to look over is descriptive analysis which is showing different
mean in every term. The term 1 has mean academic difficulty of 18.32, term 2 has 26.06, term 3
gas 55.58, term 4 has 55.99 and term 5 has 60.83. By observing these statistics, it is clear that
there are changes in study difficulty in every term but to check whether these differences are
significant or not, the table of “Tests of Within-Subjects Effects” will be used.
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Among various output tables above, the table of “Tests of Within-Subjects Effects” holds
importance as its significance values helps in testing the hypothesis. By looking over the results
in this table, it has been concluded that there is a significant change in the study difficulty over
time which rejects the null hypothesis (F (2.69, 631.56) = 572.08, p <.05).
Discussion
The data set was related to the mental and social issues faced by students and the impacts it
has over their academic aspects. Considering this, it was important to consider all these variables
in hypotheses so that reliable conclusions can be gained. The above report helped in gaining the
findings that depression and addiction severity in students is higher when students are going
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through family problems which has implied that the issue in family setting is the main reason of
pushing students towards depression and addiction. Peer support is the support and
encouragement which students receive from their peers and it considered to be important to
check whether peer support can reduce social issues faced by students or not. The results above
have lead towards the discussion that high peer support results into no social issues and vice
versa so it is also a suggestion to maintain suitable peer support for students.
The above report has focussed over the relationship between substance use and police record
and from which it has been found that the use of stimulants induces police record which helped
in getting into a conclusion that alcohol and nicotine might be addictive but substance leads to
criminal activities in participants. After analysing mental and social issues, it was important to
look over academic aspects. As the data for self reported difficulties in studies was given for a
period of 5 terms, it has been identified that the self reported difficulties have increased with
every passing academic term.
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