Asset Management Decision Making

ASSET MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING – POWER PRODUCTION INDUSTRY
Executive Summary:
Asset management has become a key role in certain asset based industries that has highly spirited
the plants/Industries to increase their business performance and increase the profit margins with
the low cost of investment with their new innovative performance. The need of asset
management has been raised in the field of power production line since it should be maintained
at a regular cost. Transformers have been a necessary and vital component in electrical and
electronic circuits since 1830s. Even though novice electronic equipments reduce the usage of
transformers, they still play their major part in the power distribution system. There is a necessity
of the transformers which should be maintained annually and regularly monitored. The major
sector of the power transmission network of the Southern Australia belongs to the SA Power
Networks and their average unit replacement cost could be at the estimated level of about
$260,000 to $1,640,000. Certain asset management strategy has been carried out by this industry
to increase their profit margin and maintain the asset sustainability. Once of the analysis
technique is said to be Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) that helps in reducing the
risk factors and effectively promotes the reliability of the transformer, which is widely used in
the power grid system. SA Power Networks mainly focuses on the condition, defects, faults,
failures and cost of replacement of the particular asset. Based on these criteria, an asset manager
of that particular industry is responsible for making the key decision with his scheduled plan.
The decisions are made based on the priority of the risk factors produced.

SNO TITLE PAGENO
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. ASSET MANAGEMENT PLAN 4
3. LOSS ESTIMATION 5
4. ASSET INFORMATION 6
5. BUSINESS KPI 7
6. ASSET MANAGEMENT STRATEGY 8
7. PLANT LAYOUT 10
8. BUDGET PLAN 11
9. IMPROVEMENTS IN BUDGET PLAN 13
10. CURRENT MAINTENANCE STRATEGY 14
11. RISK MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENTS 15
12. FMEA PROCESS BASED ON PRIORITY 18
13. ASSET MANAGER DECISION MAKING 20
14. CONCLUSION 21
REFERENCES 22

INTRODUCTION:
Asset management represents a framework that utilizes the asset in the allocation of the capital
of an industry with its operation and maintenance budget. Engineering widely depends on this
asset management in any plant or a production industry. Each and every product that is obtained
should be calculated on the regular basis and it is compared with the initial capital. The
challenge mainly occurs in the technical knowledge of these assets to take any business
decisions. Many types of management techniques and framework are being adapted in the
several production industries or plant. This paper deals with the asset management that is done in
a power production industry. The industry named SA Power Network which is in Australia is
reviewed in this paper. SA Power Network is responsible for the power transmission and
distribution within the South Australia. The distribution network in common, inaugurates from
the 66kV and 33kV connection points at sites that is shared with ElectraNet behind the
customer’s point of supply. The substation transformer is the key component for an asset that has
33kv and 66kv serial bus connection, insulating oil, switch gear, transmission substations etc.
Transformers are the most important component in the field of electrical engineering which
could have a long life and said to be a cost intensive component. These transformers constitute
an electrical supply networks. A transformer works on the principle of electromagnetism to
modify an AC voltage to another (Marttonen, Monto and Kärri, 2013). The concept behind the
ageing of the transformer and gas analysis in the insulating oil and how an asset manager should
handle the situation is also dealt in this paper. The analysis method named Failure Modes and
Effects Analysis (FMEA) is explained, which is an analysis technique that reduces the risk
factors. This is a very effective way that increases the reliability of the transformer that is widely
used in the power grid system.
As a result, an asset manager’s decision making process is anticipated with the risk based
management that links the business prerequisite and technical acquaintance of asset
circumstance. With the help of these necessities, the asset manager of that industry could be able
to analyze the risk, validate the cost expenses that could face the technical requisite of asset
condition linked together with the business plan.

ASSET MANAGEMENT PLAN:
Asset management is becoming more important in asset concentrated industries. This is because
industries have become extremely spirited and derestricted markets. In order to increase the
business performance, profit margins have become very low that causes business to explore with
their new innovative performance (Marttonen, Viskari and Kärri, 2013). Two main aspects are
been considered in the asset management: 1) Business performance and 2) Asset technical
necessity. Though, this falls in the same category they disagree with each other. For instance,
economic prerequisite should be done only at the minimum cost for the maintenance of the asset
management. But cutting the cost of expenses could affect the quality of the asset’s performance
and thus this could have a fall in the revenue of the business profit and thus occurs in the fall of
the business. Hence, there should be a balance between both the financial and the performance of
the equipment (Holschbach and Hofmann, 2011). This is popularly said to be “optimization”. In
this paper we are going to deal with the production line asset management of a transformer.
Transformers are the most important component in the field of electrical engineering which
could have a long life and said to be a cost intensive component. These transformers constitute
an electrical supply networks. When we take a power plant transformers play a major role either
in the transformation line as well as for the input power supply (Marttonen, Viskari and Kärri,
2013). The asset management decision making for the power transformer is as follows.
· To obtain the level of maintenance of a transformer that is to be carried out in its whole
life time
· Obtaining the inspection that is to be carried out in a power production line. The time line
is the very important factor for how frequently the inspections have to be carried out in a
production line stating the pipe work, dissolved gas oil sampling, external factors like
corrosion etc.
· Obtaining the transformers that is to be sending for the service and the type of services
that is to be carried out in a transformer.
· Transformers have to be invigorated. It is necessary to obtain the timeline to renovate a
power production line. Thereby the timeline to replace a transformer is also noted.

LOSS ESTIMATION:
In order to evaluate the loss that is caused due to the transformer, the life time of the transformer
is estimated by the commercial and the industrial owners. There is a necessity of the transformers
which should be maintained annually and it should be regularly monitored (Catelani, Ciani,
Cristaldi, Faifer, Lazzaroni and Rinaldi, 2011). In comparison, if the transformer is getting
replaced before its lifetime due to the failure that is caused due to the overloading, then the
expected loss could higher that estimated when compared. The power production grid could be
affected by many factors. It could be either the insulation fact that greatly reduces the life of the
transformer. It could the poor quality of the oil or the moisture content in a transformer or it
could be overloading factor too. This could be caused due to the extreme heat of the transformer,
which affects greatly in the insulation property. According to the nameplate reading,
transformers are designed to operate in a maximum life of 20 years. Transformers that are loaded
higher than the nameplate reading have a life of less than 20 years and the transformers that are
loaded lower than the nameplate reading have life more than 20 years.
The customer of the transformer should have a special contract with the manufacturer else, the
service time for replacing the transformer could be extended. Therefore, utilizing the transformer
to a maximum extend without any risk is extremely important (Hoseynabadi, Oraee and Tavner,
2010). It has become critical to study the lifetime models of the transformers, since 30
percentages of the transformer failures is caused due to the ageing. Heavy investments for the
transformer were made in the year of 1960-1970 that made the population of the transformer till
30 years. IEEE survey says that the ageing was caused in the transformer after the 25th year.
Therefore large transformers end their life at the 25th year and the replacement of the
transformers couldn’t be done all at once (Tavner, Higgins, Arabian, Long and Feng, 2010). This
becomes tedious and hence there occurs some cause of loss and this should be estimated and
tried to be avoided at a maximum extent.

ASSET INFORMATION:
Ageing is the most important factor in an electrical plant that causes a greater concern and
challenges in the industry. Rather than this Dissolve Gas Analysis (DGA), insulation etc, also
plays a vital role in the field of electrical plant. The consumption of the electrical energy is
increasing day by day due to the rapid growth of commercial and industrial sectors around the
world especially in the urban areas. Due to this, the business is also affected now-a-days (Oh,
Rhie, Moon and Tuominen, 2010). The foremost concept of the business is to utilize the asset to
the maximum extent. In industries, in order to provide a feasible operation of the system and to
utilize the asset properly, regular maintenance and monitoring of the equipment is very
important. Any perceivable or non-perceivable one that can be owned or controlled by anyone,
which brings out a profit to an organization is considered as an asset. An asset is considered to
the ownership of a value that could be converted to cash. An asset is an important factor for the
profit of an organization by the products generated by the company. The asset of the power
production industry could be transformer, wire, other electrical factors etc.
Work of an asset manager:
Asset management has kept its foot prints in the field of electrical utilities. This work is carried
out by the asset manager of that particular plant. He got those pressures within him/her in
balancing the performance of the system and estimating the cost of the budget and risk within the
particular plant (Ridwan, Talib, Ghazali, 2014). An asset manager is responsible for the
estimation of all the uncertain events that may happen inside to industry or a plant in order to
estimate the budget that could repair it. The work of the Asset manager is representing as
follows:
1) Monopolization: This is said to have an overview regarding the whole business and analyzing
the entire network of the plant.
2) Decision key: This is estimating the key decision excluding the other factors of decision.
3) Decision making: This is nothing but implementing the policy. This will focus extremely on
developing a strategy.

4) Business network: The entire business must be taken into consideration rather than taking a
particular network.
5) Profit making: Business point of view is making a profit from the estimated asset and this
should be primarily a main focus that should be a long time profit. The maximization of the short
term profit for maximum years by saving the unrequited spending amount, could lead an
accountability of the long term profit.
6) Maximum level for service: The safety is the foremost consideration including the
environment safety and performance for the best delivery of the end product should be
maintained.
7) Risk Management: The 100 per cent efficiency couldn’t be guaranteed. But the maximum
acceptable level should be maintained that could save a company or an industry from any risk
factors.
BUSINESS KPI:
A business case or a process is to meet the requirement of client by collecting the related and
structured activity inside the industry or a plant, which promote a service or a product. Key
Performance Indicators (KPI) is said to be followed by many data driven organization that
motivates them in their efficiency. It is defined as the “measures that helps to monitor a
company’s performance by the manager and spot out the changes that could be done in order to
increase the efficiency”. The processes are designed in reducing the spending cost but increase in
the efficiency of the product or produce the profit from the increased efficiency (Jagers and
Tenbohlen, 2009). This could add value to the business case. Objective, source, performance
criteria and the action plan are the key roles to be performed to make a KPI meaningful. The
foremost endeavor of a business is, “utilization of the assets to a maximum extend. The business
clutches the assets regularly, which led to the production of higher revenue. However, the
condition could get worsen due to this. At the plant or in industries, regular monitoring and
control should be maintained, in order to utilize and sustain the asset properly. The investment in
this monitoring and management will prolong the life of the asset (Goodden, 2009). Hence, a
balancing act should be maintained that utilizes the asset at a maximum and lowering the cost to
the minimum, so that the business could be enhanced.

ASSET MANAGEMENT STRATEGY:
Industry Name: SA Power Networks
Strategy plan: Asset Management Plan 3.2.01 Substation Transformers 2014 to 2025
SA Power Networks is a sole industry in South Australia that delivers the electricity from the
high voltage transmission network connection points, which is operated by ElectraNet. The
power lines have the network of about 87,500 kilo meters (Mariut, Filip, Helerea and Peter,
2010). They have business customers of about 830,000 in South Australia. The Strategy of the
Asset Management is: “to revamp the capital investment through targeted substitution of assets,
depending on assessment of asset condition and risk, and also seeks to provide sustainable
lifecycle management of assets through the use of condition monitoring and life assessment
techniques.” For the successful implementation of the substation power transformer asset
management plan, it is necessary to create, develop and implement the planned stages. Through
this SA Power Network industry meets the standard of the industry and give and optimum
satisfaction for the stack holders and the handling customers. Management of the substation
power transformers in managing the asset is the industry’s main focus until the end of the life
cycle of the transformers (Marttonen and Kärri, 2013). If any issues are to be found in the
previous stage then the stage is necessarily corrected in the next proceeding stages. Through this
feedback, the feasibility and reliability of the life cycle plan of the substation transformers could
be increased which thereby increases the efficiency of the power distribution networks. The life
cycle management plan of the SA Power Networks is shown in the figure given below.

Figure 1: Life cycle of the asset management plan in SA Power Network

PLANT LAYOUT:
The layout of the SA Power Network industry operated by the ElectraNet is described in the
figure give below
Figure 2: Plant layout of SA Power Network Industry.

Figure 3: Electricity supply from the SA Power Network
BUDGET PLAN:
Substation Power transformers transfer the transmitted voltage in the form of the distribution
voltage, which is situated at the mass electricity supply substations. About 696 substations are
found in that station, which is under the service condition. The average unit replacement cost
could be at the estimated level of about $260,000 to $1,640,000 that is found to be greater than
the estimated cost (Allee, 2008). The asset management plan in this particular industry is carried
out by regular monitoring and maintaining the condition and performance of the transformer that

will extend the life term of the asset life and this will surely helps us in achieving the long term
replacement plan.
SA Power Network provides certain key aspects that satisfies the risk management principles,
provides the customers satisfaction, transport most favorable returns to the shareholders, provide
environmentally friendly surroundings which provides the safety situation for the people around
as well as the employees. According to the history of the SA Power Networks, the transformers
used here are highly reliable with the low service failure rate. The situation that arises to the
service failure is due to the supply disruption to the maximum amount of customers, up to 20,000
and shattering failure that is caused due to the explosion of the transformer or due to the oil fire
or due to the issues that are caused by the atmosphere. The replacement of the transformers could
take about 5 to 20 days, although the sufficient spare parts are easily available in the industry.
With the help of the utilization of the Insurance spare unit that is held at the industry store the
failed transformers could be easily replaced (Al-Turki, 2011). The unit to be replaced enters into
the Insurance spare store as a spare part. About 12 months time will be required for purchasing,
manufacturing and delivering a novel unit. For the last five years there have been a maximum
number of failures in the power production line. With the adequate monitoring of the transformer
condition, the failure of the transformer could be avoided. The risk and the cost of failure that is
caused by the transformers could be avoided due to this continuous management plan. From the
period of year 2014 till 2025, a total of 135 substation power transformers are programmed to be
replaced. The annual capital expenditure necessity for substitution of substation power
transformers is shown in the figure below.

Figure 4: Replacement of Substation power transformers capital Expenditure
The estimated expenses is generally in line with the average annual expenditure over the last 5
years, ±$0.78million or $13 per cent. The greater part of the expenses, around 83%, recounts the
non-estimated replacement due to certain faults and failures over the past 5 years.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUDGET PLAN:
The replacement of the substation transformers and the expenses plan is available in the Risk
management framework of the SA Power Network industry depending on the asset past
information and general guidelines (Amadi-Echendu, Willett, Brown, Hope, Lee, Mathew, Vyas
and Yang, 2010). The industry tries to maintain the records of the asset management plan that
helps them to continue their development process in the following manner:
1) Asset situation as well as imperfections that includes the category condition ratings/scores
2) Asset mistake as well as malfunction that includes aspects that causes the mistake/malfunction
3) Estimated amount that they spend due to the replacement which includes the labor as well as
the material cost.

CURRENT MAINTENANCE STRATEGY:
The detailed explanation of the asset management plan that is carried out at SA Power Network
industry is mention in the figure given below. The plan of the substation power transformers in
the power distribution process ensures that the transformer is getting operated in a safe, secure
and an environmentally friendly condition. The plan between the year 2014 and 2025 is stated
ensuring a dividend profit for the shareholders of the SA Power Network. A new management
plan is currently activates at the SA Power Networks that is mentioned by the Condition
Monitoring and Life Assessment (CM&LA) Methodology in the asset management approach
(Aoudia, Belmokhtar and Zwingelstein, 2008). The Condition Monitoring and Life Assessment
at the present scenario replace the current carried situation plan in the asset management. This
method provides an approach that is highly reliable, economically safe in using the asset in the
power substation transformer.
Figure 5: Asset Management plan that is currently carried out at SA Power Networks

RISK MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENTS:
The term Risk management means any systematic method that logically identifies, analyze,
assess, treat, and monitor the risk associates factor in an event or an activity (Baglee and
Knowled, 2010). This will enable the industry or the plant to minimize the loss factor and
maximize the opportunity. The processes of the risk management are as follows:
1) Categorize the activity or a situation that necessarily causes the risk event
2) Analyze the type of risk that has happened in the particular scenario. Potential consequence
that causes the risk to occur and their level of magnitude is estimated.
3) Priority of the risk is estimated and determination the management priority.
4) Control procedures are taken to neglect the risk factors.
5) Monitoring and reviewing the risk management system is necessarily carried out.
Risk assessment and management is used in the decision making process by the SA Power
Networks, in order to estimate the capital and expenditure of the network during their
maintenance and transformer operation. Probably the transformer failure is caused due to the
following reasons:
· Mechanical failure – This occurs normally due to the component failure of the
distribution network.
· Insulation failure – This happens due to the poor oil quality which is used as an insulation
factor (Banks, 2009). This could also be caused by the short- circuit of the transformer. In
order to maintain the quality of the gas in the insulation oil Dissolved Gas Analysis
(DGA) test is carried out which is explained later in this paper.
· Thermal failure – Caused due to the problems caused by the cooling circuit or due to the
large resistance associations or overloading.
Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA):
Performance which is carried out by DGA (Baños-Caballero, García-Teruel and
Martínez-Solano, 2010) in the insulating oil with the oil sampling analysis test is used as an

evaluation of the transformer health. Any malfunction that happens inside a transformer and its
required equipment could generate some gases inside it. Therefore, the identification of these
gases and the information obtained from that could be very useful for some maintenance and
prevention. There are many methods to estimate these gases but the Dissolved Gas Analysis
(DGA) is said to be the most efficient. In order to measure the concentration of the dissolved
gases, there are two process carried out: 1) Sampling the oil obtained 2) Testing the samples.
This DGA analysis should be carried out at least a year and the details should be compared with
the previous analysis data. There are several standards such as ASTM D3613, ASTM D3612,
and ANSI/IEEE C57.104 (Rowland & Bahadoorsingh, 2008), respectively to evaluate the result.
The main causes of the formation of the gases are due to the electrical strife and thermal
putrefaction. At some point, each and every transformer could produce gases in usual working
temperature. The transformer insulation process is done through several mineral oils which is
said to be the composition of several hydrocarbons. The decomposition process in these
hydrocarbons is said to be tedious due to the thermal and the electrical fault (Abu-Elanien &
Salama, 2009). The basic reaction occurs due to the breakage of C-H bonds and C-C bonds.
Hence we could get the fragments of hydrocarbon and some hydrogen atoms. This leftover
mingle with each other and leads to the formation of gases such as hydrogen (H2), methane
(CH4), acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4), and ethane (C2H6). Moreover, due to the cellulose
insulation, thermal decomposition or electrical problem generates methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2),
carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases are considered to be the key
gases and their property is said to be combustible (here the exceptional gas is CO2 which is non-
combustible).
This key gas depends highly on their temperature (Broedner, Kinkel and Lay, 2009)
which is based on their volume of material at that circumstantial temperature. The small volume
at high temperature could produce the same quantity of gases as produced by the huge volume at
restrained temperature. This is mainly caused due to the effect on volume. For this reason, the
gases which are formed due to the transformer’s insulating oil is used for the evaluation process
by comparing with the past history of these transformers (Ridwan, Talib & Ghazali, 2014) in
order to find out any faults that could happen potentially or thermally.

Later the appropriate samples is examined and evaluated, the foremost step of the DGA analysis
is to find the concentration levels of each and every key gases samples. This could be expressed
in parts per million (ppm). It is endorsed that the concentration of the key gases change in time
and therefore the rate of change of the concentration is calculated (Jongen, Gulski, Morshuis,
Smith, Janseen, 2007). Fundamentally, the probable fault in the transformer could be indicated
by the sharp rise in the value of key gas concentration. Therefore it could be said that the result
of the DGA analysis gives a sharp rise in the value of the concentration level of the gases. If the
normal value limit is surmounted, then supplementary analysis of the sample should be taken and
once again we have to confirm where the key gas concentration level is accumulating. When the
level reach the action level point then the transformer should be considered and that particular
transformer should be removed. Therefore care must be taken while taking this sample analysis
test. This particular test involves in the calculation of the key gas ratio and then correlating it
with certain limit range.
Table 1: The description of the gas with their limit range and their fault type
Gas Description Normal Limit(<) Actual Limit(>) Potential fault type
H2(Hydrogen) 150 1000 Corona, Arcing
CH4(Methane) 25 80 Sparking
C2H2(Acetylene) 15 70 Arcing
C2H4(Ethylene) 20 150 Severe Overheating
C2H6(Ethane) 10 35 Local Overheating
CO(Carbon Monoxide) 500 1000 Severe Overheating
CO2(Carbon dioxide) 10000 15000 Severe Overheating
TDCG(TotalCombustibles) 720 4630

The Gas Description with their respective key gas concentration is given in the above
table. When the value exceeds the normal limit then the sample frequency should be increased
with the consideration given to planned outage in near term for the further evaluation. When the
value exceeds the Action limits then the particular transformer should be removed immediately
from the service.
FMEA PROCESS BASED ON PRIORITY:
The Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is an analysis technique that helps in reducing
the risk factors. This is a very effective way that increases the reliability of the transformer that is
widely used in the power grid system. FMEA technique was proposed in the field of the power
system, in order to increase the efficiency of the power system and enhance the economy at a
period of one year. In other words, this can be stated as an important analysis that is carried out
to determine and the risk factors with the help of potential failure modes. This technique is a
quality based analysis technique that lists the failure modes, reason for the failure, consequences
caused due to the failure and the actions, which are carried out due to the failures (Burns, Sale
and Stephan, 2008). Risk priority numbers (RPN) is calculated by assigning a value for each and
every risk causing factor that could lead to failure and severity of the transformer which is given
by a formula:
RPN = (Severity) * (Occurrence) * (Detection) equation (1)
Consequently this also gives the priority to the action that is to be carried out in order to avoid
the failure. Higher the value of the RPN, higher is the case of the failure actions that could occur.
The main focus of the SA Power Networks depends on the following criteria:
Failure: when a particular functionality is terminated then that case is mentioned as a failure.
Mode of Failure: Behavior of an item that causes failure.
Mechanism or cause of a failure: This represents the cause or the situation that initiates the
failure situation which is stated by a term known as "Possible failure causes".
Effects of failure: Status of an item or a process after the failure has occurred in that particular
process.

Severity: It refers to the level of the system affected by the failure. If the severity is said to be in
a peak level then it means that the system causes a huge damage which is to be considered.
Occurrence: This refers to the number of occurrences that describes the situation to occur. This
is not referred in time but is expressed in terms of the root causes for the situation.
Detection: This is termed as a identifying the root cause before the failure beings to occur.
Based on this situation or scenario, an algorithm is represented which is shown in the figure
given below (Culverson, 2013). For each case, we can able to identify the risk causing factor at
an early stage and we can try to reduce or eliminate the cause. The Two control methods that are
integrated with SA Power Network are as follows:
1) Prevention Control- this is proposed to reduce the cause and consequences of fault at an early
stage before the failure could occur.
2) Detection and Identification control- this particular control is proposed to identify the failure
of the process before the problem reaches the end user or the customer.
As soon as all the possible Risk priority numbers is identified, focus should be given to the
particular one that increases the priority of the RPN. In this situation, an asset manager should
detect the situation and identify the entire problem that causes the failure (Dong and Su, 2010).
An asset manager is responsible for assigning the task to the appropriate person and solves all the
issues. At once the risk reduction factor is carried out and the RPN rating will be changed
automatically. Hence, the modified RPN is estimated and intended by the envisaged brutality,
happenings and exposure levels.

Figure 6: Algorithm of FMEA process
ASSET MANAGER DECISION MAKING:
The Asset manager must choose on a consolidation of various activities that imitate plant
stacking and stretch levels, support plans, and substitution timetabling. These things are for the
most part forbid additionally depend upon the framework (Duffy, 2008) necessities of the gear. It
is conceivable that one course to resource cultivation includes changing the working
environment of the thing to expand life or reduce prompt disappointment probability. These
things are by and large forbid additionally depend upon the framework necessities of the gear
(Emmanouilidis and Komonen, 2013). It is conceivable that one course to resource cultivation

includes changing the working environment of the thing to amplify life or decrease quick
disappointment probability.
Figure 7: The decision made by an asset manager based on the following consideration
CONCLUSION:
This article deals with the implementation of the asset management techniques with the
consideration of the risk management in a power distribution industry. The difference between a
transmission and the distribution of the power is described as well as the asset management
technique followed in this differential system is also discussed in this paper. Asset manager has
the right to make a decision and he/she is responsible for implementing the action plan that deals
with the maintenance timetabling, substitute scheduling and level of stress in that particular plant
and they are mutually dependent (Fendt and Kaminska-Labbé, 2011) on the system necessities of
the equipment. This paper also dealt with the implementation of FMEA analysis procedure, in
order to avoid the risk factor that is caused in the power transmission industry with the

calculation of RPN priority estimation. The result obtained by this procedure is much satisfied,
which leads to the development of FMEA for future purposes. When the data is evaluated by
FMEA, ranking should be made with the help of RPN to determine the case of the irregularity of
working mechanism.
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