Unit 20 Advanced Programming - Assignment

ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET
Qualification TEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Unit 20: Advanced Programming
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Table of ContentsI. Introduction........................................................................................................................5
II. The characteristics of the object-orientated paradigm.......................................................5
1. Object..............................................................................................................................6
2. Class..............................................................................................................................10
3. Abstraction....................................................................................................................12
4. Encapsulation................................................................................................................16
5. Inheritance....................................................................................................................19
6. Polymorphism...............................................................................................................24
III. The various class relationships.....................................................................................26
IV. Design UML class diagrams.........................................................................................28
V. Conclusion........................................................................................................................30
VI. References.....................................................................................................................31
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I. Introduction
‘Object-Oriented Programming’’ and ‘‘Data Abstraction’’ have become very common terms.
Unfortunately, few people agree on what they mean. In this assignment I will explain the
characteristics of object-oriented programming such as encapsulation, inheritance,
polymorphism, ... as well as different class relationships. After that, I will design a class
diagram based on a given code scenario.
This report consists of two sections:
1) The characteristic of the object-oriented paradigm as well as the various class
relationships.
2) Design a UML class diagrams.
II. The characteristics of the object-
orientated paradigm
OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming. Object-oriented programming is a
methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and objects. OOP focuses on the
objects that developers want to manipulate rather than the logic required to manipulate them.
This approach to programming is well-suited for programs that are large, complex and
actively updated or maintained.
An OO program: “a bunch of objects telling each other what to do by send messages”.
Some benefits of OOP:
Better abstractions (modeling information and behavior together).
Better maintainability (more comprehensible, les fragile).
Better reusability (classes as encapsulated components).
OOP has many features that make it useable including the followings:
Object
Class
Inheritance
Polymorphism
Abstraction
Encapsulation.
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Let’s discuss above each OOPs concepts with real-world example.
1. Object
The two most important concepts in object-oriented programming are the class and the
object.
The Object is the real-time entity having some state and behavior. In Java, Object is an
instance of the class having the instance variables like the state of the object and the methods
as the behavior of the object. The object of a class can be created by using the new keyword
in Java Programming language.
A class is a template or blueprint from which objects are created. So, an object is the
instance(result) of a class.
I can find various Object definitions as:
1) An object is a real-world entity.
2) An object is a runtime entity.
3) An object is a thing, both tangible and intangible, that we can imagine.
4) The object is an instance of class.
Real-world examples
A dog is an object because it has state (name, color, breed, hungry) and behavior
(barking, fetching, wagging tail). Chair, Bike, Marker, Pen, Table, Car, Book, Apple,
Bag etc. It can be physical or logical (tangible and intangible).
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Bicycle is an object. Bicycles also have state (current gear, current pedal cadence,
current speed) and behavior (changing gear, changing pedal cadence, applying
brakes).
How to Declare, Create and Initialize an Object in Java
A class is a blueprint for Object, you can create an object from a class. Let's take Student
class and try to create Java object for it.
I will create a simple Student class which has name and college fields. Then, I will write a
program to create declare, create and initialize a Student object in Java.
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From the above program, the Student object are:
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