Differences between classful and classless addressing in IPv4, Subnetting, NAT, ICMP, Autonomous System, RIP, BGP, Distance Vector Routing and Link State Routing

Running head: ASSIGNMENT 2
ASSIGNMENT 2
Name of Student
Name of University
Author’s Note

1ASSIGNMENT 2
1. The differences between classful and classless addressing in IPv4 is mentioned below
Sr. number Classful addressing Classless addressing
1 It divides an IP address into
two parts host ID and
network ID.
This allows the users to
utilize the variable length
of subnet masking.
2 In this classes A, B and C
are used but class D is
utilized for the purpose of
multitasking.
In the same network it uses
a different subnet mask.
3 Limits the number of
networks that a host can be
provided with
No boundary is put for
network ID or host ID.
Table 1: differences between classful and classless addressing
(Source: Shang, Zhang& Wan, 2014, p. 165)
2. Subnet of an A class usually has around 24 bits that can be used for addressing. This
amount of memory is more than enough for around 16 million devices. Most of the
entities have a minimum fraction of devices; hence most of the addresses get wasted or is
not used. Unlike class A, class C is comparatively small for most organizations,
especially large ones, hence medium or large sized organization does not a clock of class
C.

2ASSIGNMENT 2
3. A subnet mask in IPv4 defines the IP addresses that can be included in the subnet. The
mask hides the network part of the IPv4. The value present in the mask describes the
number of hosts that can be included in the subnet. In this, the value of an octet would be
higher than the octet at its right (Shang, Droms & Zhang, 2016). The smaller values in
octet translated to the one having a more number of hosts which can connect to the
subnet.
4. In a specific block of addresses, the network address is a physical or logical address,
which uniquely distinguishes the network node over a specific compute. It is the
numerical network part of IP address. Suppose an IP address is provided like 194.176.1.0,
the network address would be 194.176.1.
In a provided block of address, the network address can be found. Suppose
the provided block of address is 199.199.17.85, in this the network has to be found out.
The default mask is provided as 277.277.0.0, this means that only 2 bytes are preserved
and rest of the two bytes have value 0. Hence the network address is 199.199.0.0.
5. Subneeting can be defined as a process that allows an administrator to divide specific
classes like class A, class B and class C network into small parts (Shojafar,
Cordeschi&Abawajy, 2015). These subnets caN again be subnetted into sub-nets.
Subnetting can be utilized in order to divide a specific address into various
smaller parts. In classful addressing, a subnet mask can be changed depending on the
requirements of hosts’ or subnets. Default address cannot be changed based on
requirements, they remain the same for a specific address class (Sllame, 2014). Subnet
masks help in distinguishing network and host parts in a classful address. Whereas
default mask is a subnet mask for a particular class of network.

3ASSIGNMENT 2
6. Network Address Translation (NAT) can be described as a process in which a specific
network device generally a firewall provides a public address to a computer into a private
network (Shang, Zhang& Wan, 2014). It helps in limiting the number of public IP
addresses which can be used by a company for any purpose.
It utilizes the method of remapping a particular IP address space into a
different one, this is done by modifying the information of network address in the IP
header.
7. Differences between connection oriented and connection fewer services are as follows
Connection oriented Connection less
Here the virtual connection is formed
before a packet is sent through the
internet.
Packets are sent without any virtual
connection over the internet.
Requires authentication of the
destination node.
No authentication destination is
required.
It is more reliable because of the
network created.
It does not secure any reliability
Table 2: the difference between connection oriented and connection fewer services
(Source: Welter, White&Hunt, 2015, p. 165)
8. Fragmentation is an activity that happens when the contents of a particular file are stored
in a specific space that is non-contiguous in nature.