Design Thinking Review 2022

DESIGN THINKING
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I. Introduction
Design Thinking defines an iterative process where one attempts to comprehend the user,
assumptions of the challenge as well as redefinition of the problems in a bid to highlight the
alternative strategies as well as solutions which may not apparent instantly with the initial
understanding level. Design Thinking offers an approach that solution in the solution of
problems. It is a manner of thinking as well as working besides a group of hand-on method
(Oxman, R2017, p. 27).
Design Thinking is about an in-depth interest in the development as well as an understanding of
the individuals for who design is being done of products or even services. It aid in observing
alongside developing an empathy with the target user. Design Thinking aids in the questioning
process: question assumptions, implications alongside problem. this methodology is quite
significant in addressing problems that are either unknown or ill-defined through a reframe of the
problem in ways that are human centric generating numerous ideas in the brainstorming sessions
in the adoption of an approach that are hands-on in testing and prototyping (Liedtka, 2018, p.
77).
Design Thinking as well incorporates continuing experimentation such as sketching, testing,
prototyping as well as examining ideas and concepts. There are five stages of Design Thinking
including empathizing with users of a service or product, definition of the needs of the users,
their problems as well as one’s insights, ideating through challenging the assumptions as well as
creation of the ideas for various innovative solutions, prototyping to begin the process of creating
solutions and finally testing the developed solutions (Carlgren, Rauth and Elmquist, 2016, p. 52).

Thee stages do not necessarily have to follow a given order and may often take place in parallel;
repeating iteratively.
II. Human-Centered Design Thinking
Human centered design is an innovative approach in the solving of problems and revolves
around building an in-depth empathy with the people for which design is done, coming up with
volumes of ideas and creating a bunch of prototypes. Among the principles of human centered
design include:
Focusing on the people: The identification process begins with the question to which design is
being done hence who will use the product (Jerald, 2018, p. 18).
Finding the appropriate problem:- Problems are often classified as fundamental problems as well
as symptoms of problem. It is essential to solve fundamental problem in the first place since in so
doing the root of other problems are solved. Carrying out research and identification of the
fundamental problem needs time and the product team normally thinks they do not have
adequate time.
Treating everything as a system: This advocates for thinking of the picture including what one
wants to attain with his experience and the final results anticipated
Always testing the design decisions: A design solution should always be tested with real people
regardless of the time spent ideating and prototyping (Hass and Edmunds, 2019, p.100). The
feedback generated from the sessions of testing would aid in comprehending the part or segment
of the design that needs improvement (Oxman, 2017).
III. Design Thinking Models

The IDEO 5-step Design Thinking Model
IDEO is acknowledged as among the most instrumental personnel in coming up with Design
Thinking and bringing it to the mainstream. The IDEO Design Thinking model groups the
process of design thinking into three major phases including inspiration, ideation as well as
implementation (Camacho, 2018, p. 635). IDEO was developed by Tim Brown 1991 by Tim
Brown. IDEO 5-step Design Thinking Model suggests five main stages in the Design thinking
process including
 empathize
 define
 ideate
 Prototype
 Test
These five steps however do not follow a specific order and must not be following in an exact
manner to get to the final innovative idea intended to be generated at the end of the design
thinking process.
Figure 1: IDEO Design Thinking model
Source: https://www.justinmind.com/blog/guide-design-thinking/