Construction Contract Law & Management

This assignment delves into the complex world of construction contracts, examining both their legal framework and practical management. It requires an understanding of key contract types such as FIDIC and JCT, common issues like delays and disputes, and strategies for effective risk management. The text draws upon various sources to provide a comprehensive overview of this crucial field in construction.

Running head CONSTRUCTION LAW
CONSTRUCTION LAW
Name of student-
Name of University-
Author Note-

1CONSTRUCTION LAW
Table of Contents
PART A......................................................................................................................................2
Answer 1................................................................................................................................2
Issue:..................................................................................................................................2
Relevant Rule:....................................................................................................................2
Application:........................................................................................................................3
Conclusion:........................................................................................................................4
Answer 2................................................................................................................................4
Issue:..................................................................................................................................4
Relevant rule:.....................................................................................................................4
Application:........................................................................................................................5
Conclusion:........................................................................................................................6
Answer 3................................................................................................................................6
Issue:..................................................................................................................................6
Relevant Rule:....................................................................................................................6
Application:........................................................................................................................7
Conclusion:........................................................................................................................8
Part B..........................................................................................................................................9
References:...............................................................................................................................16

2CONSTRUCTION LAW
PART A
Answer 1
Issue:
In the given case, the issue is regarding the steps/actions/procedurals which Pig’s Ear
Edifice LLP (Pig’s Ear) is ought to take for the divergences and discrepancies in the contract
documentation, presented by Artless Enterprises Ltd. (Artless) for the construction and the
contractual and legal position of Artless in relation to its failure to appoint a professional
architect or contract administrator.
Relevant Rule:
According to the JCT Standard Building Contract with Quantities 2016, vide clause-
2.15, it clearly states that when there is any divergences or discrepancies in – 1) contract
drawings 2) Contract Bills 3) any instruction or conditions issued by the architect/contract
administrator 4) any documents or drawings issued by the architect/contract administrator 5)
other contractor design documents or if there is any error, omission, inadequacy or departure,
mentioned in clause- 2.14, then it is the duty of the contractor to immediately issue a notice to
the contract administrator/architect and the contract administrator/architect shall give
instructions accordingly in such cases1. On the other hand according to where the employer
fails to appoint a professional architect or contract administrator, it is the responsibility of the
employer for any problem that occurs2. Contractually and legally the employer becomes
responsible for a mistake on his part as it is a duty of the employer to appoint a professional
contract administrator/architect.
1 Burr, Andrew, ed. Delay and disruption in construction contracts. CRC Press, 2016.
2 Chappell, David. Understanding JCT standard building contracts. Routledge, 2017.

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Application:
In the given case, Artless Enterprises ltd, a construction company, decides to expand
its business by building prestigious projects. Hence, it decides to build a student’s hall
residence for the students studying in Nottingham and also with a vision that one of the
universities in Nottingham will buy it in future. Artless, therefore, appointed Pig’s Ear
Edifice LLP, Builders, for the construction of the hall. Both companies were in experienced
in this type of project. After the foundation and basic structural construction was done, Pig’s
Ear found out that the contract documents, mainly the drawing, that Artless provided, were
erroneous. In this case it becomes the duty of pig’s Ear to inform the contractual
administrator or the architect of the contract drawing immediately and rectifications should
be made by the architect accordingly, because the provisions of the JCT Standard Building
Contract with Quantities 2016 edition states so in such situations and Pig’s Ear works in
accordance with the JCT Standard Building Contract with Quantities 2016 edition. On the
other hand, Pig’s Ear’s managing partner was in doubt whether Artless appointed a
professional architect/contract administrator after he saw the errors. In this case the liability
for any mistake, based on the drawings of the architect, falls on the Employer of the architect,
that is, Artless as according to the JCT Standard Building Contract with Quantities 2016
edition, it is the duty of the employer to appoint a professional architect/contract
administrator. Legally, Artless is legal responsibility for anything wrong and contractually,
both the contracts, that is, between Artless and the architect and Artless and Pig’s Ear will get
affected3. The architect is contractually liable to provide the assigned work to Artless with
expected professional skills and is responsible for any work below such expected level. On
the other hand, Artless is liable to provide with proper documents to Pig’s Ear and it is also
3 Adriaanse, Mr John. Construction contract law. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

4CONSTRUCTION LAW
its duty to ensure that the documents are made by using proper professional skills. Hence,
both the contracts will get affected.
Conclusion:
Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that Pig’s Ear is has an
obligation to inform about the errors in the contract drawing according to the JCT Standard
Building Contract with Quantities 2016 edition and Artless will become both legally and
contractually liable for not appointing a professional architect/contract administrator. It is so
because there are two contracts existing, that is between Artless and the architect/contract
administrator and between Artless and Pig’s Ear. Therefore, as to the legal and contractual
status of Artless is in one hand it is entitled to a claim for erroneous work from the architect
and Artless is liable for the erroneous designs provided to Pig’s Ear on the other hand.
Answer 2
Issue:
In the given case, the issue is whether there are any actions or procedurals or steps,
which Pig’s Ear could take for warning Artless for the inadequate and potentially dangerous
roof trusses given in the construction deigns provided by Artless to Pig’s Ear along with the
contract document for construction of the student’s hall residence4.
Relevant rule:
According to the JCT Standard Building Contract 2016 edition and according to the
common law of Construction, it is the duty of a contractor to inform the employer, if he finds
any errors in the documents. If the contract documents provided by the employer are
4 Thomas, Reginald William, and Mark Wright. Construction contract claims. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

5CONSTRUCTION LAW
erroneous, then it does not make the contract invalid and the errors must be rectified
accordingly. But the contractor is not entitled for any additional sum of money for such
rectification. The liability or the obligations of the contractor does not end once the
construction is handed over to the employer. After the construction is over, the employer
hands a certificate of completion to the contractor5. However, the liability of the contractor
still remains for a certain period, in which, if any defect in the construction is found, the
contractor is liable to rectify it without any additional money6. The period in which this has to
be done is known as the rectification period.
Application:
In this case, the managing partner of Pig’s Ear found that Artless provided a design
for a roof tussle in the contract documents, which was erroneous. The design was made in
such a way by the architect that it would turn out to be potentially dangerous and inadequate
in the future. According to the construction law and the common law there is a step which
Pig’s Ear must take in this regard. Pig’s Ear, being the contractor must take necessary actions
to inform the employer, that is, Artless about the potentially dangerous and inadequate design
of the roof tussle, provide by Artless. According to the common law of construction, it is
mandatory for the contractor to inform the employer about any erroneous documents
provided by the employer to the contractor. Not only the common law, but the JCT Standard
Building Contract 2016 edition vide clause- 2.14 states the same and in addition states that if
any error or inadequacy is found in any design provided by the employer, and the contractor
is not responsible for verification under clause – 2.13.2, then if the error is not dealt with to
the extent in accordance with the requirements of the employer, the employer’s requirements
5 Hughes, Will, Ronan Champion, and John Murdoch. Construction contracts: law and management.
Routledge, 2015.
6 Llewellyn, Karl N. The common law tradition: Deciding appeals. Vol. 16. Quid Pro Books, 2016.

6CONSTRUCTION LAW
shall be altered or modified7. The JCT, 2016 also states that the error or inadequacy in a
contract document will not vitiate the contract and it shall be rectified accordingly, without
any additional payment to the contractor for such rectification8.
Conclusion:
Therefore, in this case and according to the above discussion, it is clear that Pig’s Ear
should take a step for the inadequate and erroneous design of the roof tussle. It should inform
Artless about such error and inadequacy and warn artless as the JCT Standard Building
Contract, 2016 edition and the common law of construction states so. But Pig’s ear cannot
cancel the contract but needs to rectify the error and inadequacy after informing Artless about
it and for such rectification, Pig’s Ear cannot charge any additional payment of sum, as the
both the common law and the JCT, 2016 prohibits it.
Answer 3
Issue:
In the given case, the issue is whether the employer, that is, Artless is competent to
take any action or step during the rectification period of Pig’s Ear to put right the disabled
ramp and the fire escape, which it failed to construct in accordance with the designs provided
to build it9.
Relevant Rule:
According to the JCT Standard Building Contract, 2016 edition, when there has been
an error or defect made by the contractor, in the constructions, it is the duty of the contractor
7 Ndekugri, Issaka, and Michael Rycroft. The JCT 05 Standard Building Contract. Routledge, 2012.
8 Turner, Dennis F. Design and build contract practice. Routledge, 2014.
9 Chappell, David. Understanding JCT standard building contracts. Routledge, 2017.

7CONSTRUCTION LAW
to inform the employer about such errors and inadequate construction. The time period of
rectification is called the rectification period and it is generally between 6 to 12 months. The
employer needs to inform the contractor about the defects with in this period and the defects
must be rectified without any additional money. Not only JCT Standard Building Contract
states so, but also the common law states the same10. The JCT Standards also states clearly
that after the work is completed, a certificate of completion is issued and after such
certification, if any defects are discovered, then it must be rectified within the rectification
period, which begins after the certification, when any defects are found. The certificate of
completion is usually issued before the commencement of the rectification period. In case
there is any defect found before the date of completion or the commencement of the
rectification period, then the defects must be rectified by the contractor immediately and in
such cases the certificate of completion can be withheld until the defects are rectified.
Application:
In the given case, Artless provided Pig’s Ear with all the contract documents,
including the contract designs. All the important designs for construction were provided
including the designs for the roof trusses, which was potentially dangerous and inadequate.
That is, it was erroneous in the provided design and it was the fault of the architect who had
designed it. Apart from this, designs for an exterior ramp and a fire escape, was provided by
Artless. The exterior ramp which Pig’s ear had built was terrifyingly vertiginous and narrow.
The ramp was a disabled one, as the ramp was built till the halfway up a stairway, leaving
five UN ramped stairs soaring above the end of the ramp. The local people soon started to
refer the disabled ramp as K2. There was also a design provided by Artless to Pig’s Ear to
build a fire escape stairway which was built by Pig’s Ear erroneously. The fire escape
stairway was built in such a way that ends in mid-air, halfway up an external gable wall in the
10 Ndekugri, Issaka E. "Late disputes and the NEC3 Engineering and Construction Contract." Proceedings of the
ICE-Management, Procurement and Law (2016).

8CONSTRUCTION LAW
supposedly completed halls of residence. The fire escape ends at a landing suspended several
meters up the gable wall with no stairs to connect the landing to the ground. This erroneous
construction was focused on by the media and the images of the site went viral on the
internet. It was stated by the director of Artless that the designs provided to Pig’s Ear for the
construction of the fire escape and the ramp was not erroneous and was very much workable,
viable and complete and the way Pig’s Ear had built it was not in accordance with the
contract designs, given along with the other contract documents. In this case, as the
provisions of JCT Standard building Contract will apply. As the law says that when the
contractor makes an erroneous construction, the contractor is liable for such errors and it is
the duty of the employer to send a notice to the contractor for rectification of such errors
made without any additional cost. In this case, the employer, that is, Artless, after discovering
the defects in construction, must send a notice of the same to Pig’s Ear and ask them to
rectify the errors. This notice must be sent immediately after the defects are discovered.
Artless must send a notice for reconstruction. Pig’s Ear is bound to make such rectification by
reconstruction and they are not entitled to get any additional payment for such
reconstruction11. If such rectification is refused or any additional payment for rectification is
asked by Pig’s Ear then Artless has the right to sue Pig’s Ear for breach of contract and in this
case Artless can withhold the certificate of completion as well, as the defects were discovered
before the date of completion.
Conclusion:
Therefore, from the above discussion it is clear that the JCT Standard Building
Contract, 2016 Edition and the common law states the similar rules for construction law
regarding the steps the employer should take or the duties of the employer in case any
11 Hamid, ABDUL RAHIM ABDUL, D. M. C. Botiti, and SAEED REZA Mohandes. "Managing the Delayed
Completion on Construction Project." Journal of Advanced Research in Business and Management Studies 1.1
(2015): 14-24.

9CONSTRUCTION LAW
erroneous construction by the contractor. Therefore, in accordance with the law, Artless,
being the employer must send a notice to Pig’s Ear within the specified time provided by the
law and Pig’s Ear is responsible for the rectification of the erroneous construction. In the
given case as the design provide by Artless was not erroneous and the construction made by
Pig’s Ear was not in accordance with the designs provided, Pig’s Ear is liable for the error
and the action that Artless should take up, is to send a proper notice of rectification to Pig’s
Ear, withhold the certificate of completion as the defects were discovered before the date of
completion and can take legal actions in case Pig’s Ear refuses to rectify.
Part B
The JCT Standard Building Contract with Quantities, 2016 Edition sets the standards
of building contracts and deals in details with the rules and regulations that govern the
building contracts. It includes the various types of building contracts. It includes the functions
of Contractors, Employers, Sub-Contractors, principal designers, contract administrators,
quantity and their duties and obligations12. The JCT also gives a detailed set of rules
regarding the contract sum and its payments under different circumstances13. In a construction
contract many disputes can arise anytime. The JCT, therefore includes provisions for solving
these disputes by using different legal solutions like arbitration, adjudication and legal
proceedings14. As the JCT focuses on the aspects of the building contracts, it attracts and
includes certain provisions of the Contract Law as well. Similar to the Contract law under the
common law, the JCT, 2016 also includes and mandates that the basic requirements of
12 Adriaanse, Mr John. Construction contract law. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.
13 Brook, Martin. Estimating and tendering for construction work. Taylor & Francis, 2016.
14 Chern, Cyril. The Law of Construction Disputes. CRC Press, 2016.

10CONSTRUCTION LAW
contract in case of building contracts in the same way. Apart from these, the JCT also
provides various rules regarding matters like supply of materials and documents, third party
rights, rules for errors, discrepancies and divergences, termination of contract by employers
and contractors, payment related rules and calculations, provisions related to injury, damage
and insurance and also about the dispute settlement methods to solve the disputes of building
contracts15.
The JCT mainly stresses on the rights and obligations of the employer and the
contractors. According to JCT, there are different types of building contracts and the payment
obligation of the employer is based on the type of building contract the employer and the
contractor enters into. The types of building contracts on which the payments of the
employers vary are- Firstly, the Lump sum contract, in which the employer pays a big sum
of money to the contractor after the completion of the work and no cost break down is
required in this method16. Secondly, in the Lump sum and scheduled contract the employer
has to make the payment after the completion of the work but in this case cost break down is
required17. Thirdly, in case of a cost plus fixed free contract the employer has to pay the
contractor a certain amount which is over and above the documented cost and such amount
shall be fixed and agreed amount18. Fourthly, in cost plus percentage of cost contracts, the
employer has to pay more than 100 percent of the documented cost but it requires a detailed
accounting of the expenses19. Therefore, the amount of sum to be paid by the employer to the
15 Atkinson, Andrew R., and Christopher J. Wright. "Containing the Cost of Complex Adjudications." Journal of
Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and Construction 7.1 (2014): A4514002.
16 Potts, Keith, and Nii Ankrah. Construction cost management: learning from case studies. Routledge, 2014.
17 Hetland, P. W. "Exploring the value of project complexity—beyond lump sum contracting." Managing Risks
in Projects(2013): 149.
18 Dorey, Sean P., Josef Oehmen, and Ricardo Valerdi. Enhancing cost realism through risk-driven contracting:
Designing incentive fees based on probabilistic cost estimates. DEFENSE ACQUISITION UNIV FT
BELVOIR VA, 2012.
19 Meng, Xianhai, and Brendan Gallagher. "The impact of incentive mechanisms on project
performance." International Journal of Project Management 30.3 (2012): 352-362.

11CONSTRUCTION LAW
contractor depends on the above mentioned types of building contracts. Lastly, there is
another type of building contract that is known as a special contract20. Special contracts can
be classified into- Firstly, Turn-key contract, in which a contractor completes his work and
hands it over to the employer or the client in full operational form and the employer or the
client just needs to “turn” a “key” to bring the work in motion21. Secondly, Negotiated
contract, is another special contract in which the employer directly negotiates with the
contractor on an agreed sum of money without any bidding process22. It is also known as a
negotiated agreement. Thirdly, there is the package contract in which the contractor,
designs, finances, specify, commission and construct the project entirely23. Fourthly, there is
the continuing contract which is attributed with periodic performances and the performance
is divided in different units over a particular time period24. Lastly, running contract is
another special contract, in which an approximate quantity of stores is supplied at a specified
price during a certain period25. These special contracts also affect the payment which is to be
paid by the employer to the contractor. The JCT, by its clause, 25 provides for extension of
the date of completion of the contract. In cases of most of the contracts, the time period for its
completion is usually extended. The extension takes place on the occurrence of certain
situations, which the JCT provides. It can happen that a contractor may fail to finish his work
with in the stipulated time, which may be provided in the contract due to certain
uncontrollable circumstances for which the employer can claim liquidated damages from the
20 Harris, Frank, and Ronald McCaffer. Modern construction management. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
21 De Marco, Alberto, and Timur Narbaev. "Earned value-based performance monitoring of facility construction
projects." Journal of facilities Management 11.1 (2013): 69-80.
22 Schaufelberger, John E., and Len Holm. Management of construction projects: a constructor's perspective.
Taylor & Francis, 2017.
23 Brook, Martin. Estimating and tendering for construction work. Taylor & Francis, 2016.
24 Furst, Stephen, et al. Keating on construction contracts. Sweet & Maxwell, 2012.
25 Nowotarski, Piotr, and Jerzy Paslawski. "Barriers in running construction SME–case study on introduction of
agile methodology to electrical subcontractor." Procedia Engineering 122 (2015): 47-56.

12CONSTRUCTION LAW
contractor26. The JCT states that for an extension of time period in case of failure of the
contractor to finish the work within the stipulated time, the contractor needs to give a notice
to the employer for such extension, within a specified time and in accordance with the
provisions of JCT. This clause protects the contractor form compensation. On the other hand,
this clause also helps the employer by allowing the employer to get his work done by the
contractor within the extended time and if the contractor fails after such extension of time, the
employer becomes entitled to claim liquidated damages from the contractor. Hence, the
extension clause affects both the employer and the contractor. There are different situations in
which the time can be extended. Firstly, if the contractor can prove that due to the fault of the
employer the project was not completed on time, the extension clause will apply. Secondly, a
contract is subjected to various variations and changes. Due to these changes, the work of the
contractor may increase and the contractor is entitled to get a time extension. Thirdly, there
are different types of payment clauses in a construction contract based on various calculations
and this also determines the time stipulation for completion of a contract. In case of failure by
the contractor within the specified time, the time clause comes into play and during such time
extensions, the employer can hold back a certain percentage of the payment until the project
has been completed by the contractor. Fourthly, different construction contracts have
different pre-determined value for damages. However, as the courts have the right to adjust
the compensation value equal to the actual loss, the contractor is impliedly granted the
extension of time if the delay in work is not the reason of the actual loss to the employer.
Fifthly, there are various other small reasons, for which the extension time can be given,
subject to the decisions of the court under each situation27. These are the various conditions
and circumstances that affect the time extension clause under the JCT Standard Building
26 Haidar, Ali D. "Planning and Scheduling—A Practical and Legal Approach." Construction Program
Management–Decision Making and Optimization Techniques. Springer International Publishing, 2016. 57-97.
27 Fawzy, Salwa A., and Islam H. El-adaway. "Time at large within the common law legal system: Application
to standard forms of contract." Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and
Construction 6.1 (2013): 04513002.

13CONSTRUCTION LAW
Contract, 2016 Edition, which affects a construction contract. The FIDIC also another set of
building contract rules. FIDC is a acronym of a French name – Federation Internationale Des
Ingenieurs- Conseils. The FIDIC contains various aspects of the construction contracts. It
includes various factors such as change in the amount of extra or additional work and also its
nature, causes for delay in work completion, employer and contractor rights and obli9gations
and also the remedies in case of dispute28. However, throwing light to the time period
extension aspect of a construction contract, the FIDIC includes many more reasons and
conditions for the time period extension in a construction contract as compared to the JCT
Standard Building Contract, 2016 Edition. The FIDIC includes conditions like in cases of
delay due to inaccurate plot reference levels, delays due to sudden shortage in materials or
manpower or uncertain emergencies or government actions, delay due to actions of
authorities, provided that the employer has been diligent from his side. Apart from these the
FIDIC also includes rules relating to the employers right to prevention of contractors to
conduct completion test, modifications in costs and also the employer’s risk consequences.
Regarding the time extension, the FIDIC further states various other grounds for time
extensions, other than situations which gives rise to time extensions for irresponsible or
wrong work29. However, both the JCT Standard Building Contract, 2016 Edition and the
FIDIC standards for construction contracts, both states that in order to claim an extension of
the time period in a construction contract a contractor needs to give a written notice, in
accordance with the lawful procedures and within the specified time for giving such notice to
the employer. Apart from the JCT Standard Building Contract, 2016 Edition and the FIDIC,
there are many other standard rules for construction contracts. Each of them states various
28 Bunni, Nael G. The FIDIC forms of contract. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
29 Wen, Zhen, and Qi Lan Zhou. "Some Suggestions for China Construction Project Investment Control Present
Situation Based on FIDIC Contract." Applied Mechanics and Materials. Vol. 209. Trans Tech Publications,
2012.

14CONSTRUCTION LAW
clauses in their own ways. Few matches with all others and few contradict30. This sometimes
may give rise to which of the standard rules are to be followed in a specific type of
construction contract. In this situation, it would be of great use if an International Standard
set of rules is made, in which the rules for construction contracts will include a clubbed
version of all the different provisions, provided in different construction rules. This must be
mandatory in all countries and must be applicable for all types of construction and building
contracts. Apart from this, there are various gaps in the construction law which sometimes
lead to slow contract performance. As the time extension period or rectification period does
not involve any extra payment by the employer, the contractors, in such circumstances
perform the correctional works and extended work in a very slow and careless way. This
often leads to work done with lack of professional skills. During such situations if a certain
small amount is paid to the contractor by the employer, it will encourage and motivate the
contractors to do their work during the extension or rectification periods by using all their
professional skills, leading to a better quality of projects. These few changes in the contract
law will definitely lead to a stronger and a better set of rules for governing the construction
law in the future.
Therefore, from the above discussion it is clear that there are various international
standards which set certain rules for the construction laws all over the globe. The discussion
also states various aspects of construction law like the employer contractor relationship, their
rights and obligations, the payment obligations of the employer, various types of construction
contracts, the obligations of contractors during rectification period and the also the provisions
relating to time period extension for completion of work, various conditions and grounds
which attract time period extension, the procedure to get time period extensions and also the
remedies available in case of any dispute in any construction law. The above discussion
30 Parikh, D. M. "Understanding of claims-causes procedures and presentation-in FIDIC construction
contracts." Journal of the Indian Roads Congress. Vol. 73. 2012.

15CONSTRUCTION LAW
concludes by drawing a comparison between the JCT Standard Building Contract, 2016
Edition and the FIDIC standards of construction contracts by discussion the various
provisions and finally, states some recommendations to make the construction law more firm
and better.
References:
Adriaanse, Mr John. Construction contract law. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

16CONSTRUCTION LAW
Atkinson, Andrew R., and Christopher J. Wright. "Containing the Cost of Complex
Adjudications." Journal of Legal Affairs and Dispute Resolution in Engineering and
Construction 7.1 (2014): A4514002.
Brook, Martin. Estimating and tendering for construction work. Taylor & Francis, 2016.
Bunni, Nael G. The FIDIC forms of contract. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
Burr, Andrew, ed. Delay and disruption in construction contracts. CRC Press, 2016.
Chappell, David. Understanding JCT standard building contracts. Routledge, 2017.
Chern, Cyril. The Law of Construction Disputes. CRC Press, 2016.
De Marco, Alberto, and Timur Narbaev. "Earned value-based performance monitoring of
facility construction projects." Journal of facilities Management 11.1 (2013): 69-80.
Dorey, Sean P., Josef Oehmen, and Ricardo Valerdi. Enhancing cost realism through risk-
driven contracting: Designing incentive fees based on probabilistic cost estimates.
DEFENSE ACQUISITION UNIV FT BELVOIR VA, 2012.
Hamid, ABDUL RAHIM ABDUL, D. M. C. Botiti, and SAEED REZA Mohandes.
"Managing the Delayed Completion on Construction Project." Journal of Advanced Research
in Business and Management Studies 1.1 (2015): 14-24.
Harris, Frank, and Ronald McCaffer. Modern construction management. John Wiley & Sons,
2013.
Hetland, P. W. "Exploring the value of project complexity—beyond lump sum
contracting." Managing Risks in Projects(2013): 149.

17CONSTRUCTION LAW
Hughes, Will, Ronan Champion, and John Murdoch. Construction contracts: law and
management. Routledge, 2015.
Llewellyn, Karl N. The common law tradition: Deciding appeals. Vol. 16. Quid Pro Books,
2016.
Meng, Xianhai, and Brendan Gallagher. "The impact of incentive mechanisms on project
performance." International Journal of Project Management 30.3 (2012): 352-362.
Ndekugri, Issaka E. "Late disputes and the NEC3 Engineering and Construction
Contract." Proceedings of the ICE-Management, Procurement and Law (2016).
Ndekugri, Issaka, and Michael Rycroft. The JCT 05 Standard Building Contract. Routledge,
2012.
Nowotarski, Piotr, and Jerzy Paslawski. "Barriers in running construction SME–case study on
introduction of agile methodology to electrical subcontractor." Procedia Engineering 122
(2015): 47-56.
Parikh, D. M. "Understanding of claims-causes procedures and presentation-in FIDIC
construction contracts." Journal of the Indian Roads Congress. Vol. 73. 2012.
Potts, Keith, and Nii Ankrah. Construction cost management: learning from case studies.
Routledge, 2014.
Thomas, Reginald William, and Mark Wright. Construction contract claims. Palgrave
Macmillan, 2016.
Turner, Dennis F. Design and build contract practice. Routledge, 2014.

18CONSTRUCTION LAW
Wen, Zhen, and Qi Lan Zhou. "Some Suggestions for China Construction Project Investment
Control Present Situation Based on FIDIC Contract." Applied Mechanics and Materials. Vol.
209. Trans Tech Publications, 2012.