IT Network Design Concepts and Implementation

The assignment delves into fundamental IT networking principles. It examines the differences between connection-oriented and connectionless services, providing examples for each. Students are tasked with designing subnets with specific address ranges and broadcast addresses. Furthermore, the assignment analyzes the TCP protocol's retransmission mechanism, highlighting issues like RTO ambiguity and fast retransmit thresholds that can lead to unnecessary data duplication.

Running Head: IT NETWORKING DESIGNING
IT Networking Designing
[Name of the student]
[Student ID]
[Name of the university]

1IT NETWORKING DESIGNING
Table of Contents
Question 1 2
Question 2 2
Question 3.A 2
Question 3.B 3
Question 4 3
Bibliography 4

2IT NETWORKING DESIGNING
Question 1
 The connection oriented service is defining as a transmission control protocol for
communicate end to end device data transfer. Therefore, the example of connection
oriented services is video on demand and file transfer.
 The connection less services are electronic fund transfer and credit card verification.
Question 2
1. The reason behind generating new abstract ID instead of process ID is not static.
However, process ID is assigned dynamically whenever a new process is
generated. Therefore, it is never used for ant HTTP process.
2. If any certain scenario, one process may manage multiple sockets on various
TSAPs, if process ID is being used for this situation, then it cannot be initiated
since one process is assign with one process ID.
Question 3.A
Subnet
Name
Neede
d Size
Allocate
d Size
Address Mas
k
Dec Mask Assignable
Range
Broadcast
Networ
k A
62 62 172.16.0.0 /26 255.255.255.1
92
172.16.0.1
-
172.16.0.6
2
172.16.0.6
3
Networ
k D
17 30 172.16.0.6
4
/27 255.255.255.2
24
172.16.0.6
5 -
172.16.0.9
4
172.16.0.9
5
Networ
k B
14 14 172.16.0.9
6
/28 255.255.255.2
40
172.16.0.9
7 -
172.16.0.1
10
172.16.0.1
11
Networ
k C
2 2 172.16.0.1
12
/30 255.255.255.2
52
172.16.0.1
13 -
172.16.0.1
15

3IT NETWORKING DESIGNING
172.16.0.1
14
Question 3.B
Subnet
Name
Neede
d Size
Allocate
d Size
Address Mas
k
Dec Mask Assignable
Range
Broadcast
Networ
k A
62 62 172.16.0.0 /26 255.255.255.1
92
172.16.0.1
-
172.16.0.6
2
172.16.0.6
3
Networ
k B
14 14 172.16.0.9
6
/28 255.255.255.2
40
172.16.0.9
7 -
172.16.0.1
10
172.16.0.1
11
Networ
k C
2 2 172.16.0.1
12
/30 255.255.255.2
52
172.16.0.1
13 -
172.16.0.1
14
172.16.0.1
15
Networ
k D
17 30 172.16.0.6
4
/27 255.255.255.2
24
172.16.0.6
5 -
172.16.0.9
4
172.16.0.9
5
Question 4
TCP protocol re-transmitted to significant volumes of data unnecessarily due to longer
retransmission timeout (RTO) and acknowledgment of transmitted message is received.
However, a retransmission is occurring at the moment when RTT estimators cannot be updated
till the acknowledgement for retransmitted data is arrived. This problem is known as
retransmission ambiguity problem, which causes TCP re-transmission of significant data.
Another cause of re-transmission is occurring when a TCP sender observe that fast retransmit
threshold is too low as well as reordering in the network.

4IT NETWORKING DESIGNING
Bibliography
Hwang, J., Walid, A. and Yoo, J., 2016. Fast Coupled Retransmission for Multipath TCP in Data
Center Networks. IEEE Systems Journal.
Jain, M., Tomar, D.S. and Singh, S.K., 2015. A Survey on TCP Congestion Control Schemes in
Guided Media and Unguided Media Communication. International Journal of Computer
Applications, 118(3).
Moiseenko, I. and Oran, D., 2016, September. TCP/ICN: Carrying TCP over Content Centric
and Named Data Networks. In Proceedings of the 2016 conference on 3rd ACM Conference on
Information-Centric Networking (pp. 112-121). ACM.
VanHeyningen, M.D. and Erickson, R.D., Aventail Llc, 2016. Method and apparatus for
providing secure streaming data transmission facilities using unreliable protocols. U.S. Patent
9,467,290.