Assignment | Nutrition Diploma
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Added on 2020-05-03
Assignment | Nutrition Diploma
Added on 2020-05-03
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Running head: NUTRITION DIPLOMAAssignment 13Name of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor Note
1NUTRITION DIPLOMAAnswer 1Arthritis is considered to be a form of crippling disease, that affects a huge proportion ofpeople all over the world. The disease is not just restricted to the elderly population. If affectsjuvenile people as well and the most common symptoms are inflammation, swelling and pain inthe joints that restricts movement1. It is considered to be a potential killing disease as deathoccurs due to failure of the liver and kidneys. The accumulation of toxins can also bring aboutheart attacks. Naturopaths or health professionals who rely on the usage of natural healthpractices believe that arthritis is caused due to excess accumulation of toxic or poisonous acids inthe joints2. They are of the view that irregular metabolism of the toxic acids from the intestinefails to remove or excrete them from the human body3. This failure in eliminating those results intheir accumulation and the joints get inflamed.Answer 21Avina-Zubieta, Juan Antonio, Jamie Thomas, Mohsen Sadatsafavi, Allen J. Lehman, and Diane Lacaille. "Risk ofincident cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observationalstudies."Annals of the rheumatic diseases71, no. 9 (2012): 1524-1529.2Noorbakhsh, Samileh, Mahshid Talebi-Taher, and Azardokht Tabatabaei. "Identification of bacterial antigens andsuper antigens in synovial fluid of patients with arthritis: a cross sectional study."Medical journal of theIslamic Republic of Iran27, no. 1 (2013): 12.3Brusca, Samuel B., Steven B. Abramson, and Jose U. Scher. "Microbiome and mucosal inflammation as extra-articular triggers for rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity."Current opinion in rheumatology26, no. 1 (2014):101.
2NUTRITION DIPLOMAThere are certain food items that worsen the inflammed joints and lead to severe joint pains.The best recommendation is to follow a strict nutritious food regime that will avoid consumptionof foods that can worsen the situation. Ten foods that need to be avoided in arthritis are asfollows:1.Wheat flour (white and brown), bran, edible starch, cereal proteins, cereal fillers, wheatstarch and cereal binders (these contribute to inflammation)2.Foods that contain high sugar content, sugar, honey, syrups and treacle (these willincrease the blood sugar level and result in the production of cytokines that will worsenthe inflammation)3.Red meat (due to the presence of high saturated fat levels that can contribute ot obesityand exacerbate inflammation of the joints)4.Cocoa, coffee, caffeine, alcohol and tea45.Margarine and butter (regular consumption leads to obesity and increases pressure onjoints)6.Citrus fruits and fruits that are covered in wax7.Chocolates8.Milk and other dairy products54Lee, Young Ho, Sang-Cheol Bae, and Gwan Gyu Song. "Coffee or tea consumption and the risk of rheumatoidarthritis: a meta-analysis."Clinical rheumatology33, no. 11 (2014): 1575-1583.5Labonté, Marie-Ève, Patrick Couture, Caroline Richard, Sophie Desroches, and Benoît Lamarche. "Impact of dairyproducts on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review of randomized controlled nutritional interventionstudies in overweight and obese adults."The American journal of clinical nutrition97, no. 4 (2013): 706-717.
3NUTRITION DIPLOMA9.Dry and roasted nuts 10.Pepper, vinegar and salts in any foodAnswer 3Asthma is a kind of reversible obstruction of the airways that is characterized by anarrowing of the air passages in the lungs. Mucous secretions and muscle spasms lead to thiscondition. Childhood asthma is generally characterized by tightness in the chest, wheezing,recurrent cough and shortness of breath among children6. This airway obstruction in childrenoccurs after a series of prolonged respiratory infections. Childhood asthma is closely associatedwith a history of hay fever, eczema and migraine. Exposure to tobacco smoke, family history ofasthma, hives, allergic rhinitis, or eczema often contributes to its incidence7. Heart burns orgastroesophageal reflux disease, exposure to air pollution and ethnic background (being Black)increases the risk of its occurrence8. It interferes with the physical activities and sleeps among6Bønnelykke, Klaus, Patrick Sleiman, Kasper Nielsen, Eskil Kreiner-Møller, Josep M. Mercader, DanielleBelgrave, Herman T. den Dekker et al. "A genome-wide association study identifies CDHR3 as a susceptibilitylocus for early childhood asthma with severe exacerbations."Nature genetics46, no. 1 (2014): 51-55.7Reponen, Tiina, James Lockey, David I. Bernstein, Stephen J. Vesper, Linda Levin, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey,Shu Zheng et al. "Infant origins of childhood asthma associated with specific molds."Journal of Allergy andClinical Immunology130, no. 3 (2012): 639-644.8Arrieta, Marie-Claire, Leah T. Stiemsma, Pedro A. Dimitriu, Lisa Thorson, Shannon Russell, Sophie Yurist-Doutsch, Boris Kuzeljevic et al. "Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhoodasthma."Science translational medicine7, no. 307 (2015): 307ra152-307ra152.
4NUTRITION DIPLOMAchildren and leads to fatigue. Limiting exposure to asthma triggers, encouraging the child toparticipate in physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight and keeping heartburn amongchildren under control are some of the careful prevention strategies that can be adopted toprevent asthma attacks among children9.Answer 4Asthma develops in adult stage in some people. Adult stage asthma is often more severethan childhood asthma.Frequent asthma attacks are commonly seen in people suffering fromadult-onset asthma10. A quick decline in their lung function is observed when compared to peoplewith other kinds of asthma. Women are more likely to get affected with adult stage asthma thanmen. The most common factors that trigger the onset of the disease among adults includecigarette smoke, pollens, feathers (puvets) and exhaust fumes, etc11. Dairy products such as,milk, chocolate, ice-cream, yoghurt and cheese should be removed from the diet of asthmapatients. The action of female hormones is thought to contribute to the prevalence of asthmaamong women. High levels of stress have also been associated with a dysfunction of the immunesystem, which in turn leads to the development of asthmatic conditions. An asthma attack leadsto spasmodical constrictions of the muscle tissues of respiratory passages that squeezes the air9Litonjua, Augusto A. "Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for childhood allergic disease and asthma."Currentopinion in allergy and clinical immunology12, no. 2 (2012): 179.10Korn, Stephanie, Marisa Hübner, Matthias Jung, Maria Blettner, and Roland Buhl. "Severe and uncontrolled adultasthma is associated with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency."Respiratory research14, no. 1 (2013): 25.11 Kim, Tae-Bum, An-Soo Jang, Hyouk-Soo Kwon, Jong-Sook Park, Yoon-Seok Chang, Sang-Heon Cho, ByoungWhui Choi et al. "Identification of asthma clusters in two independent Korean adult asthma cohorts."EuropeanRespiratory Journal41, no. 6 (2013): 1308-1314
5NUTRITION DIPLOMApassage and results in laboured breathing12. This leads to a feeling of suffocation.The levels ofeosinophils are generally high among people with adult stage asthma. Inflammation in the airwaypassages leads to an increase in the number of white blood cells13. Obese people are also at ahigh risk of suffering from this disease. Physical examination and lung-function tests are used todetect the disease. Several drugs are administered14. However, these drugs provide temporaryrelief and there is no permanent cure for the disease. The respiratory muscles are relaxed by theadministration of broncho-dilating sprays. Cortisones are also used as anti-inflammatory agents.They provide cardiac support as well. However, certain drugs such as aspirin and beta blockerspotentially increase risk of asthma attacks15. Answer 512Iribarren, Carlos, Irina V. Tolstykh, Mary K. Miller, Erica Sobel, and Mark D. Eisner. "Adult asthma and risk ofcoronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure: a prospective study of 2 matchedcohorts."American journal of epidemiology176, no. 11 (2012): 1014-1024.13Song, Woo-Jung, Min-Gyu Kang, Yoon-Seok Chang, and Sang-Heon Cho. "Epidemiology of adult asthma inAsia: toward a better understanding."Asia Pacific Allergy4, no. 2 (2014): 75.14Chung, Kian Fan, Sally E. Wenzel, Jan L. Brozek, Andrew Bush, Mario Castro, Peter J. Sterk, Ian M. Adcock etal. "International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma."EuropeanRespiratory Journal(2013): erj02020-2013.15Apter, Andrea J. "Advances in adult asthma diagnosis and treatment in 2013."Journal of Allergy and ClinicalImmunology133, no. 1 (2014): 49-56.
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