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Assignment on Aesthetics

   

Added on  2020-03-23

9 Pages1822 Words50 Views
Disease and DisordersBiology
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Running head: AESTHETICSAESTHETICSName of the StudentName of the universityAuthor’s note
Assignment on Aesthetics_1

1AESTHETICSa)Skin is the largest organ of the body. It mainly consists of three layers. Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous layer 1.Epidermis: The epidermis is the elastic outer layer of the body that is continuouslyundergoing division and is getting regenerated. Dermis consists of the following cells:-Keratinocytes- These are the main cells of the epidermis that are found at the base1. Corneocytes- These are nothing but the flattened dead keratinocytes. These together formthe very outer layer of the epidermis, called the stratum corneum or the horny layer. Melatocytes- They produces the melanin pigments that is responsible for the color of theskin and also protects from the harmful UV rays of the sun1. Dermis: the inner layer of the skin is called the dermis. It consists of the following parts. Sweat glands- It produces sweat that travels outside through the sweat glands viaopenings found in the epidermis. They help in the regulation of body temperature1.Hair follicles- These are part of the skin that produces hairs by packing of the old cells.These also play part in temperature regulation. Sebaceous gland- this gland is responsible for the production of sebum, in order to keepthe hair devoid of any bacteria and dust1. The subcutaneous layer: this layer is found underneath the dermis and is mainly made up ofconnective tissues and fat. This layer acts as an insulator1.Function of the skinThe skin acts as a barrier against any physical, mechanical and thermal injury1.
Assignment on Aesthetics_2

2AESTHETICSResists loss of moistureThe melanin pigment found in the epidermis reduces effect of Ultraviolet radiation.It helps to regulate the temperature.It raises inflammatory response on detecting infections4.Helps in the production of Vitamin D.(308)b)There are 3 major parameters that influence the ageing process of the body. Firstly, as theskin ages it starts to create non functional cells, which lead to thinning of the skin cells7.Secondly shortening of the DNA occurs with age, which triggers apoptosis, which leads tothe programmed cell death of the dermis and the epidermis4. Thirdly, with the increasedage the free radicals increase as the antioxidant defense system of the body decreases withthe age, due to the down regulation of the oxidative enzymes. These unstable free radicalsvibrate inside the skin and are reported to poke holes in the collage fiber of the dermis7.Due to this free radical assault for years the collagen layer turns weaker and eventually thesin collapse to form wrinkles. (129)c)Extrinsic process of aging is the skin’s response to the external damage, which can becaused or which can be modified by our change in life style6. Extrinsic aging may becaused due to several factors like physiological and psychological stresses, impropernutrition, and consumption of alcohol, environmental pollution and overeating. Thinningof the skin cells occur due to photodamage6. In the extrinsic aging process the epidermisthickens and the dermis thins. It has been found that the molecular mechanism responsiblefor the extrinsic aging is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is normally an importantregulatory and the protective component of the cell7. Chronic exposure to the UV or theparticulate matter in air pollution produces environment induced lentigines that are
Assignment on Aesthetics_3

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