Assignment on Applied Criminology
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Added on 2021-05-30
Assignment on Applied Criminology
Added on 2021-05-30
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Running Head: Applied Criminology 0Applied CriminologyStudent’s Name
Applied Criminology1Penology is an area of study that consists social practices concerning control of criminalactivities. It is also known as penal science (Tron.rcpsych.ac.uk, 2018). This science leads apolicy of punishments for the wrongdoings of people. Penology is an important area of study inthe subject of criminology, which ensures the effective outcomes of the social practices ofpunishments in order to repression of criminal events. Similar to criminological theories,penology also concerns many of the theories, topic, and perspective that will be further discussedthis report. Imprisonment is one of the significant terms of Penology that has huge impacts of thecrime rates. Different penological theories provide different concepts about imprisonment.However, this is necessary to inform that penal science does not include imprisonment only. Inaddition to imprisonment, the same consist of other crime reduction policies also such as medicaltreatment, education, and probation. This would not be wrong to state that penal science is a wider subject and the same includes allthe policies that a society uses to control the crime. Imprisonment is one of them. It simply refersto a punishment where court orders to physically remove a guilty person from society and tosend the same in a locker (Thelawdictionary.org, 2018). On different groups of society,imprisonment puts different impacts. On some of the groups, it puts positive impact and reducesthe possibility of reoffending and sometimes the same promotes more crimes in society. Theselected group for this report is Children and young people and therefore, in this report thediscussion will be focused on the impact of imprisonment on rehabilitation and reduction ofcrime in children and young people.Penology theories are different believes and focuses and the same can be understood as theoriesof punishments. As in criminological theories, different theory gives different reasoning behindthe commitment of a crime, similarly, in penology, different theories focus on different
Applied Criminology2punishments. Every penology theory has it is own concepts and logic and judges uses varioustheories while granting decisions in different cases. Out of many penology theories, some of themost significant theories are as under:-1.Retributive Theory2.Preventive Theory3.Reformative TheoryAll the three theories are different from each other and focus on different punishments. Beforemoving towards the detailed study of the above-mentioned theories, this is to be stated thatpunishments under these theories can be positive as well as negatives. Firstly, to discuss the Retributive theory, this is to mention that according to this theory the mainpurpose of every punishment is to seek revenge. As per the opinion of one of the GermanPhilosopher named Kant, a person should not be punished to provide benefits to others, but thesame must be punished for the reason of crime committed by him/her. The theory only makes itis focused on revenge (Kaufman, 2012). The theory says that a person must get the same in resultwhat he/she has done with others and such return of act will be the punishment. A punishmentthat can be under this theory is an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. The theory states thatpunishment is an award of wrongful doing and for not anything else. Punishments are there to setthe superiority of law over and above everything (shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in, 2018). The theorybelieves that punishments are quantitatively similar and equal to the crime. The subjective theoryhas two forms namely liberal and rigorist. Where liberal form includes the circumstances of a crime, on the other side, rigorist form saysthat a criminal must be punished several times for a serious issue. Both of these approaches are
Applied Criminology3defective somewhere as it does not provide any guarantee that a criminal will not repeat his/hermistakes and will not commit any crime in the future. In the real world, it has been noted that acriminal becomes even worse after a punishment (Samenow, 2011). The theory in total focuseson punishment and revenge. No other penology theory focuses on the guilty mind as much asthis theory does. The one concept on which the whole theory works is – “A person should bepunished for the breach of a law (Stalley, 2013).” As mentioned earlier that the theory mainlyfocuses on mens rea i.e. guilty mind, therefore the same forbids punishment in cases of innocentoffenders. This is to say that this theory demotivates the punishments in those cases where anoffender cannot be held guilty cause of his/her physical/mental condition, age or for other validreasons. Similarly, on another side, this theory does not allow the guilty person to be unpunished.It says a guilty one should realize what is pain and what he/she has done with others. Inconclusion, this is to be stated that under this theory a guilty mind is liable to be punishedirrespective.Moving towards the other penological theory namely preventive theory, this is to inform that thesame works on the principle to keep the offender away from society (Umrao, 2018). The theorystates that the offenders should be sentenced with imprisonment and departure and should bekeep away from society. As the name implies the theory thinks that repetition of crime can beprevented by disabling the offenders through the measures such as imprisonment, deathpunishment, forfeiture and suspension of license. The development of prison can be understoodas a result of this theory (US Legal, 2018). The main objective of this theory is to set an examplebefore others by providing punishment to the offender and in this way to prevent new crimes aswell as reoffending of crimes in the society (Law.wustl.edu, 2018). The aim of the theory is toprevent crime and to make the society secure. The theory is not new at all and is there since years
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