Assignment on Breast Cancer PDF

Added on -2021-02-21

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Self-reported sleep duration, sleep quality, and breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study. By: Girschik, J., J. Heyworth, and L. Fritschi. 2013."Self-reported sleep duration,sleep quality, and breast cancer risk in a population-based case-control study." Am J Epidemiol177 (4):316- 27. doi: 10.1093/aje/kws422DescriptionBreast cancer is defined as a disease that generally occurs due to an increase in cells within thebreast. Breast cancer is the serious problem and if person do not take timely treatment then lifecan be in risk. It can begin from the different parts of the breast. It is one of the main causesbehind the death of women not only in Australia, but also in other parts of the world. Variousstudies have been conducted to and the relation between breast cancer and sleep (Coates & et.al.,2015). There are many other reasons found behind breast cancer, which are reproductive history,alcohol consumption, primary genetic mutations, weight gain, etc., but this does not account forthe cases which have occurred related to breast cancer. Many studies have been conducted to and the change in the sleeping pattern in developedcountries. Some studies say the duration of sleep have been reduced by 13 to 36 minutes whilesome suggest that poor quality sleep have been registered. The outcomes of poor quality sleephas however not much studied ( DeSantis. & et.al., (2017). In this study, the author has aimed toanalyse the relationship between breast cancer and sleep quality and duration in WesternAustralian women. The author has tried to give evidence regarding sleep which one of thereasons behind breast cancer.In this study, the author has used two plausible biological models to and how poor sleep caninfluence the development of cancer. The indirect mechanism has also been proposed by theauthor which suggests that Melton in release is also a cause behind the increased risk of cancer. The following study aims to and a relation between breast cancer and three domains of sleep,which are sleep duration of working days, sleep duration in nonworking days and subjectivesleep quality among the Western Australian women.The case-control study design has been used to and breast cancer among Australian women. Aquestionnaire has been prepared by the researcher which focuses on questions on sleep. Also, the[Type here]
questionnaire contains questions regarding reproductive, demographic and lifestyle factors(Girschik, Heyworth & Fritschi, 2013). The focus was put in a question in such a way that“habits related to sleeping are to be avoided” The questionnaire does not support the standardtime of sleep, or we can say a scientific time of sleep which is eight hours.The author has taken about 1000 cases of the western Australian women between the ages of 18to 80 which has been diagnosed between 1 May 2009 to 31 January 2011. All the participantswere asked all the questionnaire. As a result, no relation is found between the duration ofworking days sleep and breast cancer. Also, no relation was found between non-working daysand breast cancer. However, the study has failed to give evidence regarding breast cancer and theduration and quality of sleep. 2. Article critiqueTo critique the research STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies inepidemiology) guidelines have been used. In these observations are made related to study and allthe details are examined accordingly.2.1. Title and abstractThe title of the study is quite conscience and clear it gives a clear picture of the topic whichstudies aim at. The abstract of the research is however in a good format as it is quite helpful inunderstanding about the topic of the research as well as the method which the author has madeuse of to achieve the result (Qian & et.al., 2015) The study design has also been mentionedproperly within the abstract, which is required as per STROBE guidelines. Abstract of this studyhas all the details related to research design etc. And also it has described sleep quality and breastcancer relation in abstract section. a short definition regarding breast cancer and the reasonbehind the selection of Western Australian women. 2.2. IntroductionBreast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. The title met perfectlywith the purpose of the paper. In an introduction, the viewpoint of the other authors has also beengiven which provides support to the study. The introduction is presented very well, which alsolays the importance of research in the healthcare system. The author has also made it clear the[Type here]
reason behind conducting the study within the introduction which is to and the relation betweensleep and breast cancer which has been found is not significant or major cause behind breastcancer in women. The introduction is as per strobe guidelines giving a clear picture of theresearch rationale and objective behind the research. The literature which has been reviewed andwhich has been introduction gives an important contribution in the current research as it helps inanalyzing the researcher the factors which have been analyzed earlier and the outcome they havereceived (Xiao & et.al., 2016). An introduction has also included the research with was doneearlier in this field showing the different authors’ views on the topic of breast cancer and qualityof sleep. The author has provided a brief overview of all the studies which has been reviewed. 2.3. Methods 2.3.1. Settings and participants The research has provided all the information regarding the setting, dates, location including thetime period. Such as the cases between “2009 to 2011” have been taken in this article.Theresearch has been conducted on western Australian women, but the reason behind not takingother women of Australia whose work schedules are not busy has not been given. One of thesignificant features of this study is that it has been approved by the human research ethicscommittees of the Western Australian department of health and also from the University ofWestern Australia (Coates & et.al., 2015). The study has represented the sampling style, forinstance, the study has made use of cases which is associated with breast cancer while the casesin which breast cancer was not included have been excluded. Among the 2,089 cases which havebeen identified, about 1205 women were asked all the questionnaire by taking their consentwhile 334 did not participate as they refused to do so and 545 has not responded and 5 patientshave died. Thus, it can be seen that the study has provided all the relevant information in detailedway and thus has met the STROBE criteria. The study also makes it clear that there is nodifference between the socioeconomic status of the people who have participated and those whohave refused. Women with age group 18 to 80 were diagnosed with breast cancer from year 2009to 2011.The details have been taken from the Western Australian Cancer Registry which recordsall the cancer cases (DeSantis. & et.al., (2017). The research has explained in detail about thefollow-up process they have used to reach the result. The rationale for choosing cases has alsobeen represented clearly. One of the strengths of the article is that it has represented the[Type here]

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