Sleep Hygiene and its Impact

This assignment focuses on the significance of maintaining good sleep habits. It delves into various aspects of sleep hygiene, including establishing a regular sleep-wake cycle, creating a conducive sleep environment, and adopting healthy pre-sleep routines. The text emphasizes the negative consequences of poor sleep quality, such as increased risk of health problems and impaired cognitive function. Practical recommendations are provided to improve sleep hygiene and promote restful nights.

Running head: EATING DISORDER 1
Eating Disorder
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
Date of Submission

EATING DISORDER 2
Question 1
Anorexia Nervosa is usually psychological as well as possibly an eating disorder which is
life-threatening well-defined by a tremendously low body weight comparative to stature, great
and needless weight loss, fear of gaining weight and distorted discernment of an individual’s
self-image and body. There are several clinical factors of this eating disorder, and they are the
following: the victim has a tendency of fearing his normal body weight where in this case, a
person fears to be fat. In other words, the fear of normal body weight is very common in this
eating disorder which is observed as a pathognomonic of the situation. In the case of Joshua, his
parents should understand that he fears to get fat such that he already feels that his body image is
poor and thinks that he is fat. For instance, this is an eating order because, under normal
circumstances, an individual should not feel fat when actually they are underweight whereas, an
exaggerated behavior is where a person overeats and then feels guilty about it which is followed
by vomiting since the person is obsessed by losing weight (Mohr et al., 2010). Additionally, the
eating disorder is also characterized by body image disturbance: in this feature, the person feels
that he is not comfortable with his body shape where he views the whole body or some specific
parts of the body to be fatter. In another occurrence, the person might view his body image to be
poor like in the case of Joshua. Under normal behavior, an individual should not view himself as
fat such that it may discourage him from eating. People who do not like their body image feel
ashamed to look themselves in the mirror because they are not comfortable of the body shapes
(Denner & Townley, 2009).
Part B

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Since Joshua’s parents are skeptical that he might be suffering from an eating disorder, I
would share the medical consequences gently by assuring them that the eating disorder is
common to many teenagers during the adolescence stage. This will make them feel that their son
is not the only one who is suffering from the order and start accepting that he has an eating
disorder. I would also make them understand that it is not an offense that Joshua does not like his
body image and encourage them to offer advice to him whenever they are together so as to make
his feel that his body size and image is right. Additionally, I would also encourage them to
inspire their son to eat so as to avoid the medical consequences which are related with anorexia
nervosa. Evidently, since the eating disorder is characterized by a cycle of self-starvation, it
means that the body is often denied the important nutrients needed to function in a normal way.
Therefore, the body is forced to cut and slow down its functions in order to conserve some
energy which results in serious medical conditions such as abnormal slow heart rate resulting in
low pressure, meaning that the heart muscle is varying. In this case, the risk of having heart
failure increases since the blood pressure is low. Additionally, there are issues of kidney failure
because of severe dehydration; muscles tend to weaken, loss of hair due to dry skin and hair,
reduction of the density of the bones, anemia due to lack of enough blood in the body
(Bouquegneau, Dubois, Krzesinski, & Delanaye, 2012). Additionally, in males, there is a
decreased level of testosterone which may affect the reproductive system of the victim. I would
encourage Joshua’s mother not to be so hard on him and advise him to some as to avoid the risk
of getting those medical consequences.
Part C
Since Joshua’s parents are now convinced about the situation of their son and they are
willing to seek help, it is important for them to look for professionals such as specialist

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counselors, psychologists, dietitians, psychiatrists, specialist nurses, as well as pediatricians since
Joshua is a teenager and they will help him in counseling and offer advice regarding his eating
habits. Additionally, family intervention is the best intervention for both Joshua and his parents
because it will focus on his eating disorder and discuss the ways it has affected them as a family.
The family is able to understand the situation and ways of helping the victim.
Question 2
There is no doubt that President Donald Trump is a narcissist which means that he is
excessively interested in himself and it does those stuff which benefits him personally. There is
evidence from the media and other policies which he has passed which shows that he is entirely a
narcissist. President Trump refused to release his tax returns with a flat “no” when people
petitioned him to release it. The White House official said that people contested about the release
of tax through the election process, but they did not care and they voted for him. People in
America are concentrating on the way in which their tax returns look like while the president is
just in the office and he does not care (Ashcroft, 2016). Additionally, he bypassed the law of
anti-nepotism in order to hire his son-law to be the senior advisor without having any conflict of
interest regarding the anti-nepotism laws of the federal government. Additionally, he got a
lawsuit which runs against him because he was allowing his personal hotels as well as other
businesses operating under his name to allow payments which are made by foreign governments.
Unfortunately, he refused to dissociate from his businesses which make him continue receiving
favors and cash from foreign governments from his hotels and other businesses.
Part B

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Some of the considerations when professionals diagnose a person with a personality
disorder are: since personality disorders are mental disorders, the doctor may consider that the
disorder may be genetic where the person has inherited it from the genes of his parents as well as
environmental influences. Another consideration is that the person might be so mean and selfish
like the narcissist people which result in personality disorder. They might also consider the fact
that people are different and some are self-centered which may result in personality disorders.
Question 3
The myth that everybody requires eight hours of sleep is not true because some need
more time while others need less. Different age groups of people require different hours of sleep.
Children and adolescents require nine to eleven hours of sleep per day. Adults need 7-9 hours,
yet some people feel better sleeping lesser hours even with those guidelines. It is true that
alcohol helps people sleep faster, but sleep is disrupted once the level which is in the blood starts
to fall. It might lead to waking up and difficulties to fall back to sleep. It is true that depression
and anxiety may lead to lead to insomnia but for a short time. People should understand that
insomnia is not only brought by depression, but chronic pain, bad side-effects of a particular
medication, worries and stress are also known to cause long-term insomnia (Okun et al., 2009).
Depression and anxiety should not keep an individual awake for a long time but only for a short
time. Additionally, the myth that it is right the lie in bed sleepless is not true. Everyone requires
sleep during the day or at night, and it is necessary for the body and the brain to function
properly. Notably, sleep is good for relaxing the brain in adults and in children, sleep is
important for development (Szelenberger, 2006). One should not be fooled that sleep is not
necessary, but those people with insomnia should practice relaxation techniques for them to fall
asleep. It is true that people tend to sleep few hours as they grow old but that does not mean they

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should sleep for few hours. Children, infants, and adolescents sleep for longer hours compared to
adults. Adults sleep for fewer hours because their sleep is always disrupted due to the fact that
they have a lot to think about in their life.
Part B
Sleep hygiene is different habits and practices which are important in order to have good
nighttime sleep quality as well as alertness during the daytime. There are several ways in which a
person can ensure good night time, and they are: Limiting the time of taking a nap during the day
to 30 minutes: an individual can reduce to the time of taking a nap because it does not make up
for insufficient nighttime time (Barnes, Schaubroeck, Huth, & Ghumman, 2011). A nap may also
help improve performance and alertness. Avoiding taking stimulants like nicotine and caffeine
when it is close to bedtime. These stimulants are known to bring insomnia because they make the
brain super active leading to lack of sleep. One can exercise for some minutes during the day as
little as 10 minutes to promote good nighttime sleep. Additionally, one should practice eating
light meals at night because heavy meals result in lack of sleep. Ensure sufficient contact to
natural light to maintain good sleep cycle at night. Making sleep place pleasant by having a
comfortable pillow and mattress and establish regular relaxing technique bedtime routine. The
mind should be set it time to sleep. For those who are easily disrupted at night, they should
ensure the room is quiet and switch off the lights to avoid disturbance (Kaufmann et al., 2016).

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References
Ashcroft, A. (2016). Donald Trump: Narcissist, Psychopath or Representative of the People?
Psychotherapy and Politics International, 14(3), 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppi.1395
Barnes, C. M., Schaubroeck, J., Huth, M., & Ghumman, S. (2011). Lack of sleep and unethical
conduct. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 169–180.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.01.009
Bouquegneau, A., Dubois, B. E., Krzesinski, J. M., & Delanaye, P. (2012). Anorexia nervosa and
the kidney. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 60(2), 299–307.
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2012.03.019
Denner, A. M., & Townley, S. A. (2009). Anorexia nervosa: Perioperative implications.
Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain, 9(2), 61–64.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkp004
Kaufmann, T., Elvs??shagen, T., Aln??s, D., Zak, N., Pedersen, P., Norbom, L. B., … Westlye,
L. T. (2016). The brain functional connectome is robustly altered by lack of sleep.
NeuroImage, 127, 324–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.028
Mohr, H. M., Zimmermann, J., Röder, C., Lenz, C., Overbeck, G., & Grabhorn, R. (2010).
Separating two components of body image in anorexia nervosa using fMRI. Psychological
Medicine, 40(9), 1519–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709991826
Okun, M. L., Kravitz, H. M., Sowers, M. F., Moul, D. E., Buysse, D. J., & Hall, M. (2009).
Psychometric evaluation of the insomnia symptom questionnaire: A self-report measure to
identify chronic insomia. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 5(1), 41–51.

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Szelenberger, W. (2006). Guidelines for the treatment of insomia standards of the Polish Sleep
Research Society | Standardy leczenia bezsenności Polskiego Towarzystwa Badań nad
Snem. Sen, 6(SUPPL. A).