Comprehensive Analysis: Human Cell Structure, Function, and Systems

This project delves into the fundamental aspects of human biology by examining the structure and function of various cell types. It begins with an overview of epithelial cells, highlighting their protective role and diverse functions such as secretion and selective absorption, as well as their structural adaptations like cilia for particle movement. The project then explores fat cells, emphasizing their role in energy storage and insulation, detailing their structure consisting of triglyceride droplets. The importance of cells in organ and tissue formation is discussed, specifically in the context of the digestive system, with a focus on islet cells and their subtypes. The project also covers sperm cells, explaining their function in transmitting genetic information, and nerve cells (neurons), detailing their role in cellular communication. Finally, red blood cells (RBC) are examined, focusing on their oxygen transport function and structural features. The project concludes with a poster presentation that briefly explains the term biology, the organization of organisms, and the structure and function of different human cells.

POSTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Present poster will briefly explain
about the term biology which includes the
study of human being. Organism are made of
organ system which are made of organs which
are made of tissues which will be discuss in
the further slides.
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT HUMAN CELLS
The most fundamental biological, functional and structural unit of organisms is known as cell.
They provide structure to body and perform various specialised functions such as reproduction,
growth, apoptosis, signal transduction and metabolism for sustaining life.
Red blood cells (RBC)
RBC performs the function of carrying oxygen from lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide
from body tissues to lungs. Thus, they deliver nutrients to body cells and carry metabolic waste
away from them. These cells consist of haemoglobin which provides blood its colour and helps
oxygen to enter blood vessels. The flexible disc like structure enhances surface volume ratio so
that diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide can take place more easily.
Sperm cells
The sperm cells perform the function of transmitting
biological information for producing new organisms. Sperm cells are
responsible to fuse and reach ovum so that it can deliver male pro-
nucleus and centrioles. The nucleus of these cells is surrounded by
acrosome which contain an enzyme which assist in penetrating female
egg. The tail or flagellum of sperm cells is capable to have wave like
motion and are longest part of cell. This structure allows sperms to
swim and support the penetration of egg.
Nerve cells (neurons)
Neurons are responsible for providing cellular
communication by the means of nerve impulse or electric signals so
that effector organs can provide quick response to appropriate stimuli.
The long and extended shape of neurons (dendrites and axon) helps
them to reach other cells so that electrical and chemical messages can
be transmitted quickly. The axon in neuron have covering of insulating
material called myelin sheath so that speed of communication can be
increased.
Epithelial cells
Epithelial cells provide lining to surface of body which
provides protection from external environment. These cells serve
functions such as secretion, sensing, selective absorption, and trans-
cellular transport. The functionality is provided by their structural
variation. For instance, epithelial cells in ciliated epithelium have
hair like structure so that particles can move in and out of the body.
Fat cells
The function of fat cells is to give triglycerides so that
internal working of the body and all other physical activities can be
fuelled. The layer of this cells also helps in keeping body warm and
to act as cushion or supporter to vital organs and as shock absorber.
Fat cells have structure similar to bulbous little sphere. The bulk of
these cells consist of triglycerides droplets each of which has three
molecules of fatty acid attached to one molecule of glycerol. This
structure helps cells to assist body in its energy requirements.
Tissues are related cells that are joined
together. This cells in a tissue are not identical
but they work together to accomplish specific
functions. Cells is very important to building
living things. The human body is composing of
trillion of cells all with their own specialised
function. Without cells in organs they could not
develop a living organism. The reason cells is
the only thing which helps to create human
body and take in nutrients from food and carry
out important functions. In human body for
digestive system Islet cell is very much
necessary and significant to sustained the
human body effectively good. Islet cell is of
three types designated alpha, bet and delta
which constitute about 2 percent of the total
pancreatic mass. In total of Islet cells in this 35%
part of Alpha. 60 percent part of beta and 5
percent part of delta. Basically, human digestive
system consists gastrointestinal tract plus
system which accessory organs of digestion like
IMPORTANCE OF CELLS IN
ORGAN AND TISSUE
FORMATION: EXAMPLE OF
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM CELLS
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