Running Head: ASSIGNMENT ON HIV 0 HIV VIRUS Student
ASSIGNMENT ON HIV 1 Table of Contents Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2 History...................................................................................................................................................2 Morphology and characteristics of HIV.................................................................................................2 Symptoms of HIV infection....................................................................................................................3 Effects....................................................................................................................................................4 Organ system level............................................................................................................................4 Tissue level........................................................................................................................................4 Cellular level......................................................................................................................................4 Treatment & side effects........................................................................................................................5 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................6 References.............................................................................................................................................7
ASSIGNMENT ON HIV 2 Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a virus that impaired the immune system. It is transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, rectal and vaginal fluids, and by breast milk. It cannot be transmitted through air, water or casual touch. Presence of this virus in the body is a serious condition that cannot be treated but can be managed for some years (HIV Gov, 2017). In this particular term paper the history, morphology and characteristic features, symptoms and causes of the virus, effects of the HIV infection, treatment and side effects will be discussed. History Researchers believed that this virus was identified in chimpanzees and originated from SIV (Simian immunodeficiency virus) in the 1930s. After some decades it was transferred to Africa and other different parts of the world. This virus crossed from chimpanzees to the humans in 1920 (Faria et al., 2014). The first verified human case of this virus from the blood specimen, taken from a person in 1959. Firstly it was believed to be a gay disease. In 1983 this deadly virus was isolated and identified for the first time by scientists of Pasteur Institute in France (Burger-Calderon, Smith, Ramsey, SPNS Innovations in Oral Health Care Initiative Team, & Webster-Cyriaque, 2016). Morphology and characteristics of HIV HIV is a lentivirus of retroviridae family, spherical and nearly 120 mm long. It is made of two clones of RNA that are single-stranded and enclosed by capsid made of viral protein. The capsid contains three different enzymes responsible for replication reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. The capsid is enclosed by a matrix made of a viral protein named P17 that play a key role in the integrity of virion particles. Genes present in the
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