Assignment on Public Health protection

PUBLIC HEALTH PROTECTION

Table of Contents
.........................................................................................................................................................1
PUBLIC HEALTH PROTECTION................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Public Health issues are the most crucial or burning topic of present times. Health safety
of public is essential in order to promote the sustainability. Their are several organisations like
World Health Organisation or like Centre for Public Health Issues are regularly engaged in
working regarding the health of general public and its related issues. One of the most crucial
issue or disease which affects the public health badly is the disease of “Dengue”. As this disease
is the deadly disease and can cause death if quickly proper treatment or hospitalization if not
provided to the infected person within the period of starting days after infection.
This study pertain the knowledge about the hazardous disease like dengue and its impact
on public health world wide, as well as protective measures to prevent these type deadly disease
which can cause the loss of human life
MAIN BODY
Impact of dengue over the population of Australia.
The deadly disease like Dengue gives bad impact on health of public and cause by the
bite of Aedes mosquitoes, breeds in stagnant and clean accumulated water. Dengue leads to fever
first which is painful, debilitating mosquito borne disease caused by any one of four viruses.
These viruses caused West Nile infection and yellow fever which is so harmful for the public
health and commonly causes death of infected person. Dengue fever is caused by the bite of an
Aedes mosquito infected with a dengue virus (Abdelrazec and et. al., 2016).The mosquito gets
infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. It can’t be spread directly from
one person to another person. After the infection the symptoms dissolved in blood of human and
cause severe headache, fatigue, Nausea vomiting, severe joint and muscle pain. Sometimes,
symptoms are some and by mistake treated as the flu or another viral infection, which may
results badly. So that is why it is essential to get check up or must conduct the blood test at near
by clinic or hospital as it is essential to take diagnosis within seven days after the occurrence of
symptoms like because there is no vaccines available for the treatment of dengue. According to
the recent report of WHO, as of 06 November 2018, the number of cases have been reported
since the beginning of this year in Australia are 630 cases of dengue. Moreover, the report of
WHO shows the fewer case have been reported to date in 2018 of last five years. There is the
graphical representation of the data regarding the cases of dengue reported in Australia since last
five years (2013-18). besides this, another report of WHO declares that around four hundred

(400) million people gets infected by the dengue each year, with around 96 million resulting
illness.
Graphical representation of impact of Dengue In Australia (2013-18).
(Source: Dengue cases found positive, 2018)
The graph above shows the total number of positive cases of Dengue Found In Australia
Between the year 2013-18. the above diagram shows the variations in number of cases reported
in Australia since 2013- 18. along with this, the surveillance data presented by the World Health
organisation (WHO) that depicts the comparative Dengue cases found positive, 2018 statement
of different countries and number of cases of dengue reported in these countries since last five
years. This statement shows the number of reported cases in different countries of the world
along with the suspected and confirmed cases reported and also showing which age group is
majorly affected by this disease across in these countries.
Country Cases (2013-18) Age group
Total Suspected Conformed Old Young children
China 1497 597 900 365 212 323
Malaysia 1597 342 1255 600 300 365
Singapore 2321 498 1823 498 388 937
Australia 630 200 430 222 98 110

Cambodia 8046 2146 5900 1898 1030 2972
In above table, there are several countries which are affected by the disease of dengues
mostly along with the numbers of the cases reported in these countries , involves Cambodia has
the highest number of cases reported of that are 8046 cases, in China 1497 cases, in Malaysia
1597 cases, in Singapore 2321 cases and in Australia the number of reported cases are very low
in comparison of other countries and that are only 630 cases were reported in Australia since
2013-18.
Most of the people infected have few or no symptoms, about one or four people infected
by dengue virus. According to disclosed data of World Health Organisation that around hundred
million people get sick. There are some regions in which high risks of dengue is prevailing
namely, South east Asia, the western pacific, the eastern Mediterranean, the Americas, the
Caribbean and in many regions of South Africa (Gubler and Paredes-Esquivel and et. al., 2016).
As there are no special vaccines are available for the treatment of dengue so it is essential to take
treatment within few days of occurrence of symptoms. Some problem occurs due to the
occurrence of symptoms of dengue, within starting few days. Some problems are .
 Fever after the infection.
 Eye pain(mainly behind eyes)
 Nausea and vomiting
 rash
 muscle joint or bone pain.
 Unusual bleeding(from nose or gums bleed, small red spots under the skin, or unusual
bruising).
 Drowsiness or irritability in starting days, faced by the infected individual.
 Difficulty in breathing, the dengue also affects the respiratory system.
 High sensitivity of stomach.
Moreover, It is a prevalent disease which run throughout tropics and subtropics. This kind of
fever is caused by virus, where there is no specific treatment. The prevention of dengue fever is
caused by mosquitoes which carrying virus. Their effects came on persons like red splotches on
skin, black coloured stool and weakened immunity. In this, it is not directly effects from one
person to another. Their is a need of Aedes mosquito for transferring of viruses. Rapid increasing
of temperature creates rashes in all over body including face. The virus opt in a body during

daylight hours or particularly in morning or at late noon (World Health Organization, 2017).
This kind of diseases are more prone in some tropical and sub- tropical areas. Period of
incubation, symptoms shown after bite of mosquito can be implement in between three to fifteen
days. Most of the physicians first try to complete blood test with the use of metabolic panel
(Saadatian-Elahi, and et. al., 2016).
Some measures in order to protect the public from the hazardous diseases like dengue.
 By applying mosquito repellent, ideally one containing DEET(Schneider, 2016).
 Prevent mosquito breeding inside and outside of home.
 Avoid visiting the areas prone to mosquitoes.
 Do not use an inspect repellent for infants under two months of age(Wilder-Smith and
Gubler, 2015).
 Wear long sleeves and long pants to cover your arms and legs.
 Use mosquito net while sleeping.
In order to prevent dengue or for the treatment of dengue some suggestions provided by
the World Health Organisation such as, by taking acetaminophen or paracetamol to reduce the
fever and relief from joint pain. But don't take ibuprofen and aspirin, Dengue virus symptoms are
founded in blood within the starting days after infection, if mosquito bites an individual it can
spread the virus to other individual also by bites. Hence, it is essential to prevent others from
getting sick, then protects the individual or individuals from mosquito bites within the first week
of illness
CONCLUSION
From the above study it has been concluded that the hazardous disease like dengue gives
bad impact on public health and the main problem is that the deadly diseases can results in heavy
loss of human life, as due to particular vaccines are available fo0r the treatment of dengue hence,
it is essential for every one to use the preventive measures in order to make safe the loved ones
and society from the these types of harmful diseases. Regarding prevention from these diseases
several organisations like World Health Organisation Centre and other institutions working for
public health issued several suggestions in order to prevent these diseases.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abdelrazec, A., and et. al., 2016. Modeling the spread and control of dengue with limited public
health resources. Mathematical biosciences. 271. pp.136-145.
Gubler, D. J., and et. al.,. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. CABI.
Paredes-Esquivel, C., and et. al., 2016. The impact of indoor residual spraying of deltamethrin on
dengue vector populations in the Peruvian Amazon. Acta tropica. 154. pp.139-144.
Saadatian-Elahi, M., and et. al., 2016. Beyond efficacy: The full public health impact of
vaccines. Vaccine. 34(9). pp.1139-1147.
Schneider, M. J., 2016. Introduction to public health. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Wilder-Smith, A. and Gubler, D. J., 2015. Dengue vaccines at a crossroad. Science, 350(6261).
pp.626-627.
World Health Organization, 2017. Dengue vaccine: WHO position paper, July 2016–
recommendations. Vaccine. 35(9). pp.1200-1201.
Online
Dengue cases found positive. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<file:///home/user/Desktop/26%20Nov/Dengue-20181108.pdf>.

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