Assignment On Systematic Literature – Anoxia Case study 2022

Running Head: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE – ANOXIA
Systematic Literature – Anoxia
[Name]
[Institute’s Affiliation]
[Date]

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 1
Table of Contents
Introduction..................................................................................................................................................................................................2
Selected Keywords......................................................................................................................................................................................2
Selected Database for Information..............................................................................................................................................................2
Selection of Articles....................................................................................................................................................................................3
Flow Diagram..............................................................................................................................................................................................3
Key Findings................................................................................................................................................................................................4
Finding Summary....................................................................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................................................................10
References..................................................................................................................................................................................................12

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 2
Introduction
Conducting a systematic literature review is followed with formulating research questions according to the use and need of
study following explicit methods identifying the researches to select and appraise relevant research collecting and analysing data
associated with the nature of the key topic to be a review based on the subjective nature (Berkhof, 2017). The key topic associated
with this literature is based on Anoxia and its association with nursing practices in 20th century. Before conducting the literature, the
study is followed with a search strategy to work along CASP checklist and PICO tool shaping its direction. Considering the nature of
study, the research has underpinned a wide range of data in tabular form to understand it accurately (Brinjikji, et al., 2015).
Selected Keywords
People with Anorexia Nervosa Population
Long-term prognosis Interventions
Mortality Rates in Patients Comparator
Recovery and Relapse in
Anorexia
Outcome
Selected Database for Information
PubMed It includes more than 30 million biomedical literature from MEDLINE, Life Science journal and Online books

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 3
useful for these subjective criteria.
ScienceDirec
t
It includes peer-reviewed literature to help the researchers look for relevant information from 25 million research,
books and journals are offered to individual monthly using ScienceDirect.
BMJ It is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal with the world’s oldest general medical studies to be used for this
topic.
Selection of Articles
Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria
The articles are taken from 2000 onwards,
they are focused on Anoxia and its
association with nursing practices in the 20th
century, they are all UK focused available
online on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and BMJ.
Historical studies are excluded, studies
focused on only 21st century are taken.
Articles in other languages are not included.
Flow Diagram

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 4
Records identified from
database
(n=450)
Records after duplicates
removed
(n=50)
Records screened
(n=30)
Full text articles available
(n=16)
Relevant articles
(n=6)
Records excluded
(n=20)

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 5
Key Findings
Bibliographical Details PICO Tool
Author Other
Details
Purpose of
the study
Limitations of
the study
Population Intervention Comparativ
e
Intervention
Outcomes
Zipfel, S.,
Löwe, B.,
Reas, D.L.,
Deter, H.C.
and Herzog,
W. (Zipfel,
Reas, Deter,
& Herzog,
2000)
Long-term
prognosis in
anorexia
nervosa:
lessons from
a 21-year
follow-up
study. The
Lancet,
355(9205),
pp.721-722
The study
underpins
long term
perspective
followed
with anorexia
nervosa and
reasons
behind its
adverse
effects.
It has taken a
12 years
follow-up of
patients with
the disease;
therefore, it
has foreby
many
elements
which are
required to be
studied in this
scenario
setting
perspective.
84 patients
were taken
for the
research for
9 years to
follow up 21
years of
assessment
after
admission
with 90% of
follow-up
rate
The
multidimensional
and prospective
design has been
considered to seek
outcomes with a
follow-up of patients
are 21 years of
admonition.
Predictors
of poor
outcome
have been
taken into
consideratio
n to work
on poor
outcomes at
the 21-year
follow-up to
outline the
recovery
and
diagnosis
criteria for
anorexia
nervosa.
51% of the
total
population
were found
recovered,
21% were
partially
recovered and
only 10% meet
the full
diagnostic
criteria for
anorexia
nervosa. The
mortality rate
was 9.8.
Arcelus, J.,
Mitchell,
A.J., Wales,
J. and
Nielsen, S
Mortality
Rates in
Patients with
Anorexia
Nervosa and
To
systematicall
y outline the
research
followed
The existing
literature is
followed with
a high
mortality rate
From 143
potential
research
articles, 36
quantitative
The intervention was
carried out with
primary data
collection as raw
numbers with the
The
diversity of
intervention
precludes
with
Findings
determine
individuals
with eating
disorders

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 6
(Arcelus,
Mitchell,
Wales, &
Nielsen,
2011)
Other Eating
Disorders
Archives of
general
psychiatry,
68(7),
pp.724-731.
with the
mortality rate
among
individuals
with anorexia
nervosa,
bulimia
nervosa, an
eating
disorder, the
mortality rate
is required to
be studied
among these
patients to
determine if
mortality rate
among
patients to be
high,
however, the
certainty of
statistics is
not clear.
from eating
disorder,
therefore, a
high length of
follow-up is
required. In
addition, the
ascertainment
rate is found
low, require
further
research.
studies are
taken for
data
extraction,
the
outcomes of
AN during
166,642
person-year
has been
considered
weighted
mortality
rate. Age of
assessment
is found as a
significant
predictor of
mortality for
patients with
AN
correct year of
observation and
sample size.
Weighted proportion
meta-analysis was
done using
DerSimonian-Laird
model to allow
heterogeneity
inclusive criteria.
definite
evaluation
of treatment
effects with
crude
mortality
rates and
SMRs
having
significantly
elevated
mortality rate
with highest
rate occurred
among AN, the
mortality rate
for BN and
EDNOS are
same.
Steinhausen
, H.C
(Steinhause
n, 2002)
The outcome
of anorexia
nervosa in
the 20th
century.
American
The study is
followed
with
addressing
the outcome
of anorexia
Two
limitations are
found, the
first one is the
variable age at
the onset
A total of
119 studies
are taken to
cover 5590
patients with
anorexia
Behavioural and
cognitive
intervention
programs were added
to the treatment plan
for family therapy
The
intervention
plan was
included
with a
definite
The outcomes
clearly
determine
anorexia
nervosa to
crude mortality

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 7
Journal of
Psychiatry,
159(8),
pp.1284-
1293.
nervosa and
its changing
dynamics in
the second
half of the
20th century.
which is not
suitable to
group with
adolescent-
onset, the
second is
onset of
anorexia
nervosa
before puberty
having poor
outcome.
nervosa
published
under
English and
German
literature
were
analysed
regarding
mortality
global
outcome
with other
psychiatric
disorders.
advocating since the
late seventies.
evaluation
of treatment
effectivenes
s supporting
the
effectivenes
s plans.
rate working
with the small
number of
studies
presenting
standard
mortality ratio.
Patel, N.,
Kerr-
Liddell, R.,
Challis, L.
and Paul,
S.P., (Patel,
Kerr-
Liddell,
Challis, &
Paul, 2017)
Nursing
management
of reflex
anoxic
seizures in
children.
Emergency
Nurse,
25(1).
The aim of
the paper is
to underpin
children
presenting
with transient
loss of
consciousnes
s seen in the
emergency
department
with reflex
anoxic
seizures,
vasovagal
The limitation
includes
differentiation
diagnosis in
pre-school age
children with
T-LOC, it is
often left
underdiagnose
d as epilepsy.
The
intervention
is carried
out with
RAS as
short,
paroxysmal,
self-
reverting
episode
triggered by
pain, fear, or
anxiety
caused by
increase
The interventions
have been carried out
from nurses working
in Eds among first
healthcare
professionals seen as
children in acute
setting and are aware
of RAS presenting
features and
management options.
Comparativ
e
intervention
s are not
presented in
this section,
therefore, it
requires
further
assessment.
Outcomes
clearly outline
the importance
of differential
diagnosis in
pre-school age
children
presented with
T-LOC often
underdiagnose
d and can
result in
epilepsy with
misdiagnosis.

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 8
syncope, and
prolonged
respiratory
apnoea.
vagal
response.
Fenton-
Jones,
M.G.,
Venkata,
N.K.P.,
Smith, P.,
Lobban,
T.C. and
Paul, S.P
(Fenton-
Jones,
Venkata,
Smith,
Lobban, &
Paul, 2018)
Recognition
and nursing
management
of reflex
anoxic
seizures in
children.
British
Journal of
Nursing,
27(15),
pp.886-892.
The study
aims to work
on reflex
anoxic
seizures
presented
with transient
loss of
consciousnes
s triggered by
unexpected
stimuli.
The
limitations
include the
lack of use of
primary data
intervention
helping the
study set a
focus.
People with
short term
paroxysmal
Reflex
anoxic
seizures
(RAS) has
been taken
into
consideratio
n.
The study has
considered small
paroxysmal, short-
lived episodes of
pronounced
bradycardia lasting
between 15 seconds
to 1 minute with
differential diagnosis
of transient loss due
to epilepsy
Comparativ
e
intervention
is not
included in
the study.
Results
determine that
the diagnosis
performed by
nurses
performing
ECG is ruled
out due to
arrhythmia,
nurses play an
important role
to support
treatment
intervention
addressing
epidemiology
and
pathophysiolog
y of RAS.
Schwark, J.
and Fields,
W.
(Schwark &
Fields,
2017)
Reading as a
Nursing
Intervention
for Agitation
in Patients
with Anoxic
Brain Injury.
The purpose
of the study
is to focus on
describing
and
recommendin
g reading as a
The study
design is
considered as
a limitation to
the study, it
has taken case
report into
A case study
has been
taken into
consideratio
n to seek
quantitative
design of the
Fifteen
minute
s of
readin
g has
been
taken
Comparativ
e
interventio
n is not
given.
Findings
determine
that the
reading to
agitated
patients is
an

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 9
Rehabilitati
on Nursing
Journal,
42(6),
pp.341-346.
nursing
intervention
for agitated
patients with
anoxic brain
injury
consideration
to form
results, lack of
using primary
data from a
patient
suffering from
anoxic brain
injury.
study to
work on the
effects of
reading to
agitated
patients in
reference to
evening
hours having
calming
effects.
to
agitate
d
patient
s
during
evenin
g hours
having
calmin
g
effects.
additional
nursing
intervention
having little
risk
presenting
efficient
patient-
centred care
with a
reading of
successful
nursing
intervention
with
calming
effects of
agitated
patients.
Finding Summary
In the continuous attention to the patient in EVP, in addition to the medical treatment that their clinical situation requires, the
exploration aimed at detecting the subtlest evidence of a conscience, intention, voluntary response to stimuli or expressions is of great
importance; The absence of this evidence establishes the persistence of EV. Taking into account that a patient with severe brain
damage is explored, the quality of the examination will depend on the technique, the time spent on performing it (the responses can be
very slow) and the periodicity with which they are repeated (there are variations throughout the day and days) (Salzmann-Erikson &

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 10
Dahlén, 2017; Berry, et al., 2018). It is common for these patients to move their limbs, head, and trunk. Primary reflexes of visual or
auditory orientation may be preserved. All these movements and gestures have a great emotional impact on the family and caregivers
because of the "appearance of normalization" they represent. The expectations that they usually generate hinder objectification and
facilitate the tendency to interpret situations and the desire to obtain some intentional response. All this is usually accompanied by
great tension and emotional suffering and can make the necessary and complex elaboration process difficult (Berends, et al., 2018;
Smithuis, et al., 2018).
Something similar happens with nursing professionals, since, unlike the doctor, it is they who are in permanent contact with the
patient and the family. It is necessary to maintain special attention to these teams, providing adequate and continuous information on
the situation, specialized training to the extent possible, for the knowledge of the specificity of these patients and their families,
insisting on emotional aspects and communication skills (Richards, Crowton, Berrett, Smith, & Passmore, Can patients with eating
disorders learn to eat intuitively? A 2-year pilot study., 2017). The dynamics of the acute hospital focused on healing makes it difficult
to attend these types of patients when it is prolonged over time. In our care practice, already in the first week of stay in the
hospitalization floor and periodically according to the needs, the responsible doctor meets with the plant assistance team, the family,
the psychologist, and the social worker to agree on the plan therapeutic and patient care, and the first consensus is established. It is
advisable to propose the collaboration of the family inpatient care: hygiene, postural changes, and comfort cures, in order to alleviate
the feeling of helplessness that the situation generates (Arcelus, Mitchell, Wales, & Nielsen, 2011; Verschueren, et al., 2015).

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 11
Always keep in mind that the first manifestations that the patient is leaving the EVP are the response to the threat, the visual follow-up
(if the vision is fully preserved), the issuance of words or verbal responses (open tracheotomies can make this observation) and small
voluntary movements that indicate our intentionality. Rigorousness is essential in the continuous analysis of these manifestations so as
not to incur valuation errors. Numerous publications report errors in the assessment of patients with very severe disabilities and who
are diagnosed with EVP. One issue that remains the subject of debate is specific stimulation. There is no consensus or evidence of the
results obtained in patients in PVD of anoxic cause. In any case, rehabilitation must be planned, adapted, and focused to enable the
reaction of a person with a severely damaged brain (Steinhausen, 2002; Shaw, 2016). As always, within the global care of the patient
with large mobility deficits, joint hygiene and postural changes will be performed to avoid possible contractures and deformities. The
very severe disabilities of patients correctly diagnosed with EVP who evolve to a state of minimum level of consciousness force us to
consider the benefit of our performance, without being able to count on their opinion. The correct exploration of "wills" expressed
above is extremely important (Arcelus, Mitchell, Wales, & Nielsen, 2011; Richards, Crowton, Berrett, Smith, & Passmore, 2017).
Conclusion
To conclude, it can be said that anoxia is a condition when the body of individual completely loses its oxygen supply resulting
in hypoxia. It has negative effects harmful to brain where the body is left without oxygen for over four to five minutes without oxygen
resulting in permanent damages including death. The systematic literature is followed with changes in mood and personality changes,
memory loss and changes in judgement of individual resulted due to weakness. The treatment option and nursing intervention are
required to handle patient within the treatment process having physical and emotional changes to avoid any permanent condition such

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 12
as seizures limiting their ability to recover or receive quick care after losing oxygen or having complications leading to long-lasting
symptoms.

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 13
References
Arcelus, J., Mitchell, A., Wales, J., & Nielsen, S. (2011). Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders:
a meta-analysis of 36 studies. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(7), 724-731.
Berends, T., van de Lagemaat, M., van Meijel, B., Coenen, J., Hoek, H., & van Elburg, A. (2018). Relapse prevention in anorexia
nervosa: Experiences of patients and parents. International journal of mental health nursing, 27(5), 1546-1555.
Berkhof, L. (2017). Systematic theology. Lulu. com.
Berry, D., Blonquist, T., Nayak, M., Roper, K., Hilton, N., Lombard, H., . . . McManus, K. .. (2018). Cancer Anorexia and Cachexia:
Screening in an ambulatory infusion service and nutrition consultation. . Clinical journal of oncology nursing.
Brinjikji, W., Luetmer, P., Comstock, B., Bresnahan, B., Chen, L., Deyo, R., . . . Wald, J. .. (2015). Systematic literature review of
imaging features of spinal degeneration in asymptomatic populations. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 36(4), 811-816.
Fenton-Jones, M., Venkata, N., Smith, P., Lobban, T., & Paul, S. (2018). Recognition and nursing management of reflex anoxic
seizures in children. British Journal of Nursing, 27(15), 886-892.
Patel, N., Kerr-Liddell, R., Challis, L., & Paul, S. (2017). Nursing management of reflex anoxic seizures in children. Emergency
Nurse, 25(1).
Richards, P., Crowton, S., Berrett, M., Smith, M., & Passmore, K. (2017). Can patients with eating disorders learn to eat intuitively? A
2-year pilot study. Eating disorders, 99-113.
Richards, P., Crowton, S., Berrett, M., Smith, M., & Passmore, K. (2017). Can patients with eating disorders learn to eat intuitively? A
2-year pilot study. Eating disorders, 25(2), 99-113.
Salzmann-Erikson, M., & Dahlén, J. (2017). Nurses’ establishment of health promoting relationships: a descriptive synthesis of
anorexia nervosa research. Journal of child and family studies, 26(1), 1-13.
Schwark, J., & Fields, W. (2017). Reading as a Nursing Intervention for Agitation in Patients With Anoxic Brain Injury.
Rehabilitation Nursing Journal, 42(6), 341-346.

Systematic Literature – Anoxia 14
Shaw, T. (2016). Emergency Nursing Review Questions: January. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 68-70.
Smithuis, L., Kool-Goudzwaard, N., Janneke, M., van Os-Medendorp, H., Berends, T., Dingemans, A., . . . van Meijel, B. .. (2018).
Self-injurious behaviour in patients with anorexia nervosa: a quantitative study. Journal of eating disorder .
Steinhausen, H. (2002). The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century. American journal of Psychiatry,, 159(8), 1284-1293.
Verschueren, S., Berends, T., Kool‐Goudzwaard, N., van Huigenbosch, E., Gamel, C., Dingemans, A., . . . van Meijel, B. .. (2015).
Patients with anorexia nervosa who self‐injure: A phenomenological study. . Perspectives in psychiatric care, 63-70.
Zipfel, S. L., Reas, D., Deter, H., & Herzog, W. (2000). Long-term prognosis in anorexia nervosa: lessons from a 21-year follow-up
study. The Lancet,, 355(9205), 721-722.