Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................2 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION Applied learning refers to an educational approach whereby students learn by engaging in direct application of skills, models and theories. Student apply knowledge and skills gained from traditionalclassroomlearningtohands-onandorreal-wordsetting,creativeprojectsor independent or directed research and in turn apply what is gained from the applied experience to academic learning (Sanyal, 2018). In this present report, three programs are selected for carrying the research which are School, Higher Education and Community Learning. For Schools the applied learning approach use will beVictorian Certificate Applied Learning (VCAL); For Higher Education the applied learning approach will be use isVocational Training in Australia (VET); For Community the applied learning approach that will be useAdult Community Education(ACE). This present report will make critical analysis comparing applied learning approaches used all three contemporary three applied learning programs. MAIN BODY Description of Victorian Certificate Leaning (VCAL) for Schools This Victorian Certificate of Applied Leaning (VCAL) is 'hands-on' option for students in Year 11 and 12. This is very successful senior secondary school qualification initiate in 2002 ny Australian State of Victoria. This is the program that is a highly engaging senior secondary qualification.Further, it also aids in engaging students in the context of work-based learning, project-based learning and service learning (Barber and Netherton, 2018). It has main purpose to provide the skill, knowledge and attributes. At senior level, the knowledge and employability skills development leads to a high level of interpersonal skills, independent actions as well as achievement of tasks which are needed for leadership and decision making. This program helps in the development of school-based learning. The main purpose of this VCAL is to enable the students learning in Australia to make choice for better pathways for education and employment. The entry requirements in VCAL is easy as it does not require as such formal requirements for entry (The Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning (VCAL),2019).The contemporary theory used here is the feminist criticism in which the literature is reinforced to economical, social and plitical oppressin of the women. The applied learning used n the school are the skills builting, learing on praticle project, and machine learning. On those practicle projects theories are applied. It is far better than the old theoritical format of learning. 1
Critical Analysis of Victorian Certificate Leaning (VCAL) According to theAdam and Tatnall, (2017)applied learning in VCAL incorporates the teaching of knowledge and skills in relation to real life experience. This programmes have focus on the connection of what student learnt in the classrooms to the real world outside the classroom as well as it also helps in making relevancy as direct and conveyance as possible. However, Brown, (2017)said that, it is about the working and nurturing with learners in a profound way that undertake the accounts of students interest, gaol strength as well as previous experiences. This progranm has enjoyed great level of success in Australian secondary schools, technical and Further Education (AFE) institution, Registered Training organisation (RTO's) which has renders wider range of pathways for students to grow and develop.But,Brown, (2017)argued that, VCAL programmes requires high level of specialist that support in quality of education in classrooms that ultimately very challenging for all schools and university to acquire fund for this. According to the views ofNegrini and et.al., (2016)the VCAL has four curriculum areas which is known as strands. Strands are as numeracy and literally skills, skills related to workplace, skills related to personal development and industry specific abilities. The strategies which are designed in order to meet the purpose the curriculum of VCAL. Schools and universities are working on all these skills so that quality education can be fulfilled. However, Gekara and Snell, (2018)said that, students are highly benefiting from this program as it has raises the student engagement, commitment and motivations. It has also amended the confidence level of student and self-esteem. ButBennett, Naylor and Mellor, (2015)is disagreed wit the fact that, it has been identified from the funding reviews that there has been inequalities problems that some students are facing as there is lack of equitable approaches. Inequality in respect to that they are not allowed to choose to learn. As per the views ofPapakitsos, (2016)VCAL program has improved the transition for students from schools to work and further education, For example, collaborative working, leadership skills, problem solving and personal responsibilities. These skills are very important for students to make better future in there career growth. Schools and University has use this framework and described the practices accordingly. Like, they used to considered, begin where the students are at. They also used to discuss as well as engage conversation with students about the curriculum. However,Heinze and et.al., (2019)said that, Australian schools who are implementing this curriculum, school teachers ad professors used to value the student knowledge 2
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to foster the environment of learning. But it has been argued by theNoonan, (2016)the result or reports do not able to provide quantitative result that how many students are engaged with this program as it has only indulges qualitative results. AnotherBarber and Netherton, (2018)said that, VCAL program has promoted diversity of learning techniques and styles, it is because every person have different way of learning. This shows that quality of education is must in the school to implement this program or learning approaches for students.The learning approach used here is the no pen and pencil approach and separate laptop will be provided to the student in which the student will be learning how to type and how to use th esoftware. Contemporary theory used here is the the easy concept as well as difficult concept in the learning in which the student will learn the basic then intermediate and then advance level. Description ofVocational Training in Australia (VET)for Higher Education Vocational Training in Australia (VET) is the programmes mainly associated for the higher education that mainly focus on education as well as training which emphasized on rendering skills for work. This sector is based on government and industry partnership and all the qualifications are delivered by the government institution which is knowns to be Technical and Further Education (TAFE) institution along with non-governmental institutions (Barber and Netherton, 2018). All the funding and resources are provided by the government, further all the policies, regulation for this sector (Vocational Training in Australia, 2019). It totally emphasized on quality of education to the students taking higher education. This program includes types of qualifications required are Certificate 1stto 4th, Diploma, Advance Diploma, Vocational Graduate Diploma and English Language Courses.Here the institutes focus on providing high quality education by contacting the real companies in which the professionals of the companies used to train the students on the practicle projects. This approach makes the student job ready and ready to perform in critical situations. This applied learning approach helps the student in overall development. The contemporary theory used here for the learning is the cultureandsociallearningprocessinwhichthesocialthingsaregiventoomuch importance. Critical Analysis ofVocational Training in Australia (VET) According toDeloitte Access Economics, (2016)the career growth of the students through this program is highly valuable and worth for the students as it is essentially focused on 3
career skills. Trainers in this programmes provide courses for practices both in terms of real alongwithsimulatedworkenvironmentsinsubjectslikemarketing,business,tourism, hospitality and computing. This programme is organised by many educational institutes, private colleges, Technical & Further Education (TAFE) Institutes and many schools. However,Conrad, (2019)stated that, the curriculum of VET is developed and organised by industry and Australian government jointly. The assessment of students are done via assignments, class participation, attendance, exams, participation in class and tests. As per theKaprawi and et.al., (2019)This program is somewhat advance from higher education or can be said that it could be differ from higher education. VET usually covers basic skills of life and even training regarding numeracy and literacy, For example, foundation studies andtrainingregardingpre-vocation.Inadditiontothis,vocationalabilitiesforspecific occupations is also included in this program. For example, automotive and florist. Further, it also provides student with semi professional vocational training like health and safety, advertising of business etc. and it also enables students to develop other skills like music, hospitality and viticulture.Norton, Cherastidtham and Mackey, (2019)argued that, the development of skills through active learning consumes too much time and for higher education students, basic skills are not required to develop as it develop already in the students in taking primary and secondary education.Here the Behaviourism learning theory is applied in order to improve the behaviourism of the students. This is very important for the overall developing of the student. The learning style used here Deep obervation in which deep observation of the project is done and then conclusion is drawn out of it. DescriptionofAdultCommunityEducation(ACE)forCommunityLearningand Education Adult and Community Education is one of the program that basically recognised in public policy for its role in providing accessible opportunities for learning for adults in local communities. It mainly aids in meeting the requirements as well as supports place based society development (Ollis and et.al., 2017). The main purpose is to make the society educated. The ACE providers or community workers used to offer a base for adults who are not engaged. So, this program promote them to develop skills by transition back into learning, develop basic skills forwork,improvenumeracy,languagesandliteracyandpathwaysintoformallearning programmes. This programme builds the capacity for community, promote health and social 4
well-being and raise social cohesion (Adult and community Education,2019).Here also the theory of behaviourism is applied in which the focus is givento the old age people's health in which the health of the old age people is improved by improving the behavoure in them. Good behaviour will make the old aged people happy and this will also impact the health of them in a positive way. The learining approach for the old aged people is doing workout on the advanced machines in which the health of the employees will improve drastically and aslo making the employees educated. Critical Analysis of Adult and Community Education (ACE) According to theHayward and Williams, (2015)Adult and Community Education program plays a crucial role in the community development. It has emphasized on developing basic skills for work which is an essential part of building career. This program has effectively put efforts to improve the language, numeracy and literacy for learning. It has been identified that it is said to be he fourth arm of education and training as well as schools and TVET along with Higher educational areas. It also emphasized on people who are low in education level as well as people or adults who do not have access to job. However,Parker, (2015)The learning techniques or programmes used for by this Australian Adult and Community teaching is community based learning programs. They members of ACE used to support the people living in communities to start the learning journey. They used to provide training to people that enable them to raise the employability skills and many other skills and it also raises the opportunities for building a good career. Teaching strategy changes with cultural norms. As per the views ofIsmail, (2018)it has been identified that, all the tutors or educators in this learning are local members of the community. All the tutors are trained under Community Centres SA and they charge fees for delivering the services. AnotherBowl, (2017)argued that, this program do not have the consistent patterns of administration and organisation. Further it is also very insignificant player in public recognition and funding. Author also said that, all the strategies and action used to overlap with the VET sector.However,Lovett, Clarke and Kilmurray, (2018)said that, This programmes is still developing and growing to the best extend and it has gained attention from government in past years. As per the views ofThompson, (2018)Adults and Community Learning is the covering several courses as well as interest from non-accredited or non-professional computing to home maintenance courses. Non-accredited courses are those that do not have any association to an 5
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external professional authority. ACE members used to emphasize on developing the students skills in particular knowledge. However,Stanistreet-Clouston and et.al., (2016)said that, equipping people with better English language as well as numeracy is another focus area of this programme. Further, it also includes the learning about the speaking, writing, listening along with the mathematical ideas. Teachers used to plan and develop curriculum to fulfil their needs. The backward communities’ health is enhanced by offering them effective teaching and learning. According to the views ofKaye and Harry, (2018)the learning styles also focused on enhancing the employability skills by raising the collaboration, self-management, Information, communication and learning technology. Tutors of ACE makes adults to have proper knowledge and skills regarding technologies because technical knowledge is essentially required in the workplace.Here the theory of conservatism used is the cognitive theory in which the importance of the brain make known to the students. The learning approach used here is the human mind related with the commuter. Howhistorical, cultural and social characteristics of Adult and Community Education (ACE) and setting of the organisation mediate, influence or restrainactivities or learning within the setting Adult education plays important role in growth and development of students. It widens their career scope. Adult community education (ACE) is an educational program in Australia that allows adults to develop basic skills for work. It is community based program that promote health of people. In this focus is on individual needs rather than on community. The cultural norms followed are of adults who possess similar needs. However, inclusive learning is provided on basis of needs. Moreover, ACE support in education to disengaged adults. Training is provided to improve language and literacy. In many schools ACE is delivered on to adults who want to gain basic skills. The adults who represent a specific social group or society are allowed to participate in ACE. According toKaye and Harry, 2018,community based learning enable in social development. The education is based on their need and cultural norms. This enables learners to possess skills so that they can work. Moreover, there are certain factors which impact on learning and teaching in education programs. They are cultural, social norms, history, etc. The current context of ACE is to foster skill development. It also targets migrants in regional states of country. By this diversity is maintained and developed. 6
It is stated byLovett, Clarke and Kilmurray, 2018,there are some teaching strategies followed in ACE. They can be active, self directive, collaborative, etc. These all highly contribute in delivery services. An example can be taken in Victoria ACE was implemented. By this communities that require basic skills are emphasised. It has reduced skills gap between societies. The learner’s needs are recognised easily through which curriculum is developed. Beside this, teaching strategy changes with cultural norms. So, it is easy to focus on learner needs. Therefore, social norms highly support in teaching. Also, people follow specific standards which impact on their learning in positive way (Taylor, 2016). Teacher develop curriculum to fulfil their needs. The backward communities’ health is enhanced by offering them effective teaching and learning. So, in it all norms are followed as adults participate in numbers. The curriculum is developed in systematic way. But on other handPreece, 2018,critiqued that learning only for short period. The adults are not able to learn it lifelong as change in their work enforce them to learn different skill. Beside this, policies formed in ACE are only for short period. There is also change in characteristics of learner as they require inclusive development. The rise in opportunities allows them to learn more. Moreover, rise in social issue also leads to their development. The issue are related to language, communication gap, etc. ACE does not provide employment advocacy. Curriculum is viewed on basis of needs of people. So, teaching strategy is also changed in context of this (Helyer and et.al., 2015). ACE only support adult to certain extent which means adults literacy and numeracy skills are improved. Hence, to gain higher knowledge and skills different programs are available in Australia. Moreover, for specialised skills ACE is not effective.Here the theory for learning used is the emotional inteligence in which the employees are made emotionally strong and which also help in making the employees over all development. Apart from this the the learning style used is the data analytics. CONCLUSION From the above report it has been concluded that, applied learning is one of the best learning styles for educating people in different sectors. Various approaches, methods and techniques are undertaken to engage students with different age and eduction and society. This report has undertaken the VCAL programmes which help students to raise skill, knowledge and attributes. Furthermore, the Vocational training in Australia (VET) has been included in this report for higher education in Austria that focused on those skills which are essentially required 7
in building skill and knowledge. Moreover, report has discusses the Adult and Community Education (ACE) for raising community education which mainly focused on employability skills, foundation skills and community based learning. Further, It has reduced skills gap between societies. The learner’s needs are recognised easily through which curriculum is developed. Beside this, teaching strategy changes with cultural norms. 8
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