Audit Report on Amcor Limited: Analysis of Audit Service Provided by Auditors
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This report evaluates the audit service provided by auditors for Amcor Limited and analyzes the assurance and appropriateness of the audit report in terms of Australian legislation. It includes compliance of auditors with independence requirements, nature of non-audit services, analysis of remuneration of auditors, evaluation of key audit matters, and evaluation of audit committee.
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1AUDIT
Executive Summary
The report is prepared with a purpose to evaluate and analyze the audit service provided by the
auditors and evaluate the assurance and appropriateness of the audit report in terms of the
legislation in Australia.
Several reports that are associated with auditing and several documents stated in the financial
statement have been taken into account in order to analyze all the key aspects that is associated
with the auditing procedure of the company.
The outcome of this report is expected to figure out the functioning, responsibilities and
structures of the audit committee and the audit process. The auditors have also presented the
method of analyzing the material information of the company by the auditors in this report in
order to assess the presentation of the audit report.
Executive Summary
The report is prepared with a purpose to evaluate and analyze the audit service provided by the
auditors and evaluate the assurance and appropriateness of the audit report in terms of the
legislation in Australia.
Several reports that are associated with auditing and several documents stated in the financial
statement have been taken into account in order to analyze all the key aspects that is associated
with the auditing procedure of the company.
The outcome of this report is expected to figure out the functioning, responsibilities and
structures of the audit committee and the audit process. The auditors have also presented the
method of analyzing the material information of the company by the auditors in this report in
order to assess the presentation of the audit report.
2AUDIT
Table of Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................3
Discussion:.......................................................................................................................................3
Compliance of Auditors with Independence requirements:............................................................3
Nature of non-Audit Services:.........................................................................................................3
Analysis of Remuneration of the Auditors:.....................................................................................4
Evaluation of Key Audit Matters:....................................................................................................5
Evaluation of Audit Committee:......................................................................................................6
Reference.......................................................................................................................................10
Table of Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................3
Discussion:.......................................................................................................................................3
Compliance of Auditors with Independence requirements:............................................................3
Nature of non-Audit Services:.........................................................................................................3
Analysis of Remuneration of the Auditors:.....................................................................................4
Evaluation of Key Audit Matters:....................................................................................................5
Evaluation of Audit Committee:......................................................................................................6
Reference.......................................................................................................................................10
3AUDIT
Introduction:
This report is made to summarize and evaluation the assurance services which are being done for
Client Company and which are being provided by the auditors. This analysis also includes the
audit opinion, key audit, audit committee, remuneration and non auditing services which are
some of the other pertaining areas of auditing. For this analysis the company which is being
selected is Amcor Limited. Amcor Limited is a global leader who produces and develops high or
premium quality packaging for various products like foods, beverages, medical devices, home
care products and pharmaceutical in a responsible and proper manner. From the annual report of
this company, it has been understood that they internally do a second party audit that is done
every three year (Shah and Richardson 2016). Their main plan is to improve and find their weak
spots through continuous efforts. A monthly report is provided to the board of directors of the
Amcor Limited of the safety performances and the compliances with the company. They also
took a global initiative for conducting and the injuries of auditing. This report also gives a
demonstration of the effectiveness of the information of the materials that is provided by the
auditors of the company.
Discussion:
Compliance of Auditors with Independence requirements:
The team of auditors of Amcor Limited regularly report the board of directors about the
framework of risks. Amcor Limited’s management reviews the independent loss prevention
audits and the appropriate time to purchase external assurance. PWC was the auditor of Amcor
Limited for the financial year 2018 and they performed statutory duties with other services as
well. The annual report of the financial statements showed that hoe much did the company pay
the auditor (Haywood et al. 2016).
Nature of non-Audit Services:
PWC provided some non-audit services that comprised of advice given on taxation and
compliance services. And the taxation related advices which they gave, has been provided by
them since 2000. According to the written advice which was provided by resolution of
compliance and the audit committee, the board of directors considered the non audit services of
Introduction:
This report is made to summarize and evaluation the assurance services which are being done for
Client Company and which are being provided by the auditors. This analysis also includes the
audit opinion, key audit, audit committee, remuneration and non auditing services which are
some of the other pertaining areas of auditing. For this analysis the company which is being
selected is Amcor Limited. Amcor Limited is a global leader who produces and develops high or
premium quality packaging for various products like foods, beverages, medical devices, home
care products and pharmaceutical in a responsible and proper manner. From the annual report of
this company, it has been understood that they internally do a second party audit that is done
every three year (Shah and Richardson 2016). Their main plan is to improve and find their weak
spots through continuous efforts. A monthly report is provided to the board of directors of the
Amcor Limited of the safety performances and the compliances with the company. They also
took a global initiative for conducting and the injuries of auditing. This report also gives a
demonstration of the effectiveness of the information of the materials that is provided by the
auditors of the company.
Discussion:
Compliance of Auditors with Independence requirements:
The team of auditors of Amcor Limited regularly report the board of directors about the
framework of risks. Amcor Limited’s management reviews the independent loss prevention
audits and the appropriate time to purchase external assurance. PWC was the auditor of Amcor
Limited for the financial year 2018 and they performed statutory duties with other services as
well. The annual report of the financial statements showed that hoe much did the company pay
the auditor (Haywood et al. 2016).
Nature of non-Audit Services:
PWC provided some non-audit services that comprised of advice given on taxation and
compliance services. And the taxation related advices which they gave, has been provided by
them since 2000. According to the written advice which was provided by resolution of
compliance and the audit committee, the board of directors considered the non audit services of
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4AUDIT
this particular financial year (Teoh et al. 2017). On the part of board the provision which is made
for the non audit services done by the auditors has been satisfactory and they also indicate that
according to Corporation Act 2001, the independence of the auditors was not compromised. All
the non-audit services of this company was subjected to the procedures that the Amcor Limited
took for their corporate governance. The committee reviewed these so that it do not have an
effect on the auditor’s impartiality and objectivity. As per approval delegations and framework
of the non audit services, the approval of non audit services are made or done. The auditors act as
the company is advocate and jointly share the rewards and risks and act in the management’s
decision-making. This is because in general principal of the independence of the auditors; by
providing non-audit services, they are not undermined as their own work is not reviewed and
audited (Hunter et al. 2016).
Analysis of Remuneration of the Auditors:
The accounting standards and the Corporation Act 2001 require some additional
information of the remuneration section of the auditors. They are paid for the audits and other
services which they provide. When they audit and review the financial reports as well as other
regulatory audits done by the auditors, they charge the maximum remuneration. Other services
include transactions that are related to the taxation advice, services for taxation and due diligence
were also charged maximum remuneration by the auditors (Bryson 2018). Their remuneration
also include the other non-PWC audit services given by them. It has been observed that their
remuneration section had a decrease to USD thousand 8145 in year 2018 from USD thousand
8897 in the year 2017. But the total remuneration price paid to them have increased from USD
thousand 6422 in 2017 to USD thousand 7048 in 2018 for their assurance and audit services. But
the remuneration decreased from USD thousand 1939 in 2017 to USD thousand 917 in 2018 for
their other services.
this particular financial year (Teoh et al. 2017). On the part of board the provision which is made
for the non audit services done by the auditors has been satisfactory and they also indicate that
according to Corporation Act 2001, the independence of the auditors was not compromised. All
the non-audit services of this company was subjected to the procedures that the Amcor Limited
took for their corporate governance. The committee reviewed these so that it do not have an
effect on the auditor’s impartiality and objectivity. As per approval delegations and framework
of the non audit services, the approval of non audit services are made or done. The auditors act as
the company is advocate and jointly share the rewards and risks and act in the management’s
decision-making. This is because in general principal of the independence of the auditors; by
providing non-audit services, they are not undermined as their own work is not reviewed and
audited (Hunter et al. 2016).
Analysis of Remuneration of the Auditors:
The accounting standards and the Corporation Act 2001 require some additional
information of the remuneration section of the auditors. They are paid for the audits and other
services which they provide. When they audit and review the financial reports as well as other
regulatory audits done by the auditors, they charge the maximum remuneration. Other services
include transactions that are related to the taxation advice, services for taxation and due diligence
were also charged maximum remuneration by the auditors (Bryson 2018). Their remuneration
also include the other non-PWC audit services given by them. It has been observed that their
remuneration section had a decrease to USD thousand 8145 in year 2018 from USD thousand
8897 in the year 2017. But the total remuneration price paid to them have increased from USD
thousand 6422 in 2017 to USD thousand 7048 in 2018 for their assurance and audit services. But
the remuneration decreased from USD thousand 1939 in 2017 to USD thousand 917 in 2018 for
their other services.
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Evaluation of Key Audit Matters:
These key audit matters play an important role in the professional judgment based on
financial audits and reports for the current period. On this matter the organization does not
provide any separate opinion and in the context of the report of the financial auditing, they are
addressed (Lenz and Hahn 2015). Classification of table manner are given below:
Key Audit Matters Addressing of Key Audit Matters
In AMVIG holdings limited there are risks of
damage in the carrying value of the
investment. The Amcor Limited do not
exercise any sorts of control over the AWVIG
holdings limited but they have an important
influence (Shields et al. 2016). The
impairment of the investment off the
The audit procedure which provide
Assurance needs the assessing of the
of a group who can forecast reliably
by comparing the previous year’s data
of AMVIG with the one prior to that
year.
Evaluation of Key Audit Matters:
These key audit matters play an important role in the professional judgment based on
financial audits and reports for the current period. On this matter the organization does not
provide any separate opinion and in the context of the report of the financial auditing, they are
addressed (Lenz and Hahn 2015). Classification of table manner are given below:
Key Audit Matters Addressing of Key Audit Matters
In AMVIG holdings limited there are risks of
damage in the carrying value of the
investment. The Amcor Limited do not
exercise any sorts of control over the AWVIG
holdings limited but they have an important
influence (Shields et al. 2016). The
impairment of the investment off the
The audit procedure which provide
Assurance needs the assessing of the
of a group who can forecast reliably
by comparing the previous year’s data
of AMVIG with the one prior to that
year.
6AUDIT
organization in AWVIG is the key audit
matter in this case and it also have a
difference of the actual Hong Kong share
price than the quoted one in the stock
exchange. This is because of the carrying
value of investment and quoted share price.
Evaluation of Audit Committee:
Amcor Limited has both Compliance and Audit committee. This committee must have
three directors and among them there must be one non executive director who meets the
independence requirements. Amcor’s committee has one member who was the pervious
company’s non executive director. The responsibility chart is formed for the charter of the
Amcor Limited’s audit committee (Hassan 2015).
Structure of Audit Committee:
There must three directors in an audit committee including one non-executive director.
The members should meet the listing and independence requirements which are being
established by the boards and laws. Since each of the member have the ability to understand the
financial statements, so involvement of the entire member are required while the board judges.
The committee must have proper independence to do their work and should have expert
knowledge about the industry in which Amcor operates. To perform the work efficiently as per
the governance principle of ASX Corporate, the committee should have this proper
understanding (Hardy 2014). The board appoints the members and chairperson of the committee.
This chairperson is an independent director and not a board’s chairperson.
Functions of Audit Committee:
The audit committee carries the responsibilities of the company to analyze and evaluate the
financial data stated by the directors of the committee. The items that are being analyzed by the
organization in AWVIG is the key audit
matter in this case and it also have a
difference of the actual Hong Kong share
price than the quoted one in the stock
exchange. This is because of the carrying
value of investment and quoted share price.
Evaluation of Audit Committee:
Amcor Limited has both Compliance and Audit committee. This committee must have
three directors and among them there must be one non executive director who meets the
independence requirements. Amcor’s committee has one member who was the pervious
company’s non executive director. The responsibility chart is formed for the charter of the
Amcor Limited’s audit committee (Hassan 2015).
Structure of Audit Committee:
There must three directors in an audit committee including one non-executive director.
The members should meet the listing and independence requirements which are being
established by the boards and laws. Since each of the member have the ability to understand the
financial statements, so involvement of the entire member are required while the board judges.
The committee must have proper independence to do their work and should have expert
knowledge about the industry in which Amcor operates. To perform the work efficiently as per
the governance principle of ASX Corporate, the committee should have this proper
understanding (Hardy 2014). The board appoints the members and chairperson of the committee.
This chairperson is an independent director and not a board’s chairperson.
Functions of Audit Committee:
The audit committee carries the responsibilities of the company to analyze and evaluate the
financial data stated by the directors of the committee. The items that are being analyzed by the
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7AUDIT
audit committee can be varied in terms of approval to the management. Another responsibility
that the audit committee obtains id to correct the recorded financial data if any changes is needed
or any misstatement is taken place in the financial report. The Audit committee also represents
the financial report in a way so that it can be understandable to all the stakeholders of the
company. In accordance with the auditing principles and auditing standards, the audit committee
cannot influence the auditing activities which are done by the key auditors. The committee is
being situated with a purpose of examining the prepared audit report in terms of making the final
approval (Pettigrew 2015). The generally accepted accounting policies and the accounting
principles which is being used for internal control system is also examined by the committee.
The committee members are being elected within the board members of the company and the
delegation of such authority can be operated by the designated members of the committee.
Responsibilities of the Audit committee
There are certain responsibilities that are being assigned on the audit committee of the company.
This committee is obliged to report the framework of risk which is operated by the directors of
the company. Apart from that the audit committee also assists the directors of the company so
that the directors of the company can perform their duties in terms of financial and accounting
purpose. Beside this, the audit committee also examines the integrity and the quality which is put
in the effort of making the audit report. The audit plans which is implemented both in the internal
and external controls of the company is also been reviewed by the audit committee and certain
suggestions regarding any limitations of the plans are advised to the directors of the company
who are responsible for implementing the plan (Halligan 2017). The committee members are
being elected by the directors of the company and the committee is assigned with the
responsibility to examine the rotation, compensation, oversight and appointment of the external
auditors for auditing purpose. Thus, it is the responsibility of the external auditors to report
directly to the audit committee. The committee also reviews the appointment and the dismissal of
the vice president of the internal auditing vice president and the audit report which is prepared by
the internal audit committee is directly presented to the audit committee by the vice president of
the internal audit board. Any members of the audit committee can call for a audit meeting in case
it is needed to evaluate certain issues involved in the audit report.
Audit opinion expressed
audit committee can be varied in terms of approval to the management. Another responsibility
that the audit committee obtains id to correct the recorded financial data if any changes is needed
or any misstatement is taken place in the financial report. The Audit committee also represents
the financial report in a way so that it can be understandable to all the stakeholders of the
company. In accordance with the auditing principles and auditing standards, the audit committee
cannot influence the auditing activities which are done by the key auditors. The committee is
being situated with a purpose of examining the prepared audit report in terms of making the final
approval (Pettigrew 2015). The generally accepted accounting policies and the accounting
principles which is being used for internal control system is also examined by the committee.
The committee members are being elected within the board members of the company and the
delegation of such authority can be operated by the designated members of the committee.
Responsibilities of the Audit committee
There are certain responsibilities that are being assigned on the audit committee of the company.
This committee is obliged to report the framework of risk which is operated by the directors of
the company. Apart from that the audit committee also assists the directors of the company so
that the directors of the company can perform their duties in terms of financial and accounting
purpose. Beside this, the audit committee also examines the integrity and the quality which is put
in the effort of making the audit report. The audit plans which is implemented both in the internal
and external controls of the company is also been reviewed by the audit committee and certain
suggestions regarding any limitations of the plans are advised to the directors of the company
who are responsible for implementing the plan (Halligan 2017). The committee members are
being elected by the directors of the company and the committee is assigned with the
responsibility to examine the rotation, compensation, oversight and appointment of the external
auditors for auditing purpose. Thus, it is the responsibility of the external auditors to report
directly to the audit committee. The committee also reviews the appointment and the dismissal of
the vice president of the internal auditing vice president and the audit report which is prepared by
the internal audit committee is directly presented to the audit committee by the vice president of
the internal audit board. Any members of the audit committee can call for a audit meeting in case
it is needed to evaluate certain issues involved in the audit report.
Audit opinion expressed
8AUDIT
In accordance with Corporation Act 2001, the audit report is presented with an intention to
analyze the financial report presented by the directors of the company. This report contains
various segments of financial statement of the company and it provides the exact and accurate
status of the financial position of the company. The report was presented on the month of June,
2018 and the audit report was designed to assure the stakeholders of the company that the given
audit report does not contain any material mistreatment and free from any kind of fraudulence
and error. In case of any such misstatement take place in the financial statement of the company,
it is stated that this can influence the financial status of the company in terms of stated accounts.
The audit committee provides a subjective judgment and an overall assumption over the future
operational plans on the company based on the historical evidences of present and past incidents
regarding the financial activities of the company (Ferguson et al. 2014). It is declared by the
audit committee that all the auditing events have been performed in accordance with the
legislations stated in the regulations of Corporation Act 2001, Australian Accounting Standard.
The Accounting of the company has been done by following the regulations stated by AASB and
the auditing of the financial report has been done on basis of Australian Auditing Standard.
Difference between the responsibilities of Auditors and Directors
In terms of responsibilities, the auditors and the directors serves different purposes in terms of
the independence requirements and to increase the workflow of accounting. The Directors are
entitled with the responsibility to prepare the financial report of the company, analyze the report,
point out certain key issues regarding the business of the company, and implement certain
policies of the committee in accordance with the issue. The preparation of financial report by the
directors by maintaining the fair and true view of the financial status of the company is being
accomplished by following the legislations stated in the corporation act 2001 and the Australian
Accounting Standard (Thomas and Beh 2015). The auditors of the company are also obliged
with the responsibility to disclose all the necessary requirements which is enlisted in the
provisions issued by the legislations of ITAA 1997. This statement of the report and disclosures
of the key matters of accounting is being declared by maintaining the proper ethics of accounting
and the accounting rules which is most appropriate for it. The accounting rules regarding several
accounting issues are also being implemented by the directors unless the directors decided to
withdraw the financial operations or cease the whole venture.
In accordance with Corporation Act 2001, the audit report is presented with an intention to
analyze the financial report presented by the directors of the company. This report contains
various segments of financial statement of the company and it provides the exact and accurate
status of the financial position of the company. The report was presented on the month of June,
2018 and the audit report was designed to assure the stakeholders of the company that the given
audit report does not contain any material mistreatment and free from any kind of fraudulence
and error. In case of any such misstatement take place in the financial statement of the company,
it is stated that this can influence the financial status of the company in terms of stated accounts.
The audit committee provides a subjective judgment and an overall assumption over the future
operational plans on the company based on the historical evidences of present and past incidents
regarding the financial activities of the company (Ferguson et al. 2014). It is declared by the
audit committee that all the auditing events have been performed in accordance with the
legislations stated in the regulations of Corporation Act 2001, Australian Accounting Standard.
The Accounting of the company has been done by following the regulations stated by AASB and
the auditing of the financial report has been done on basis of Australian Auditing Standard.
Difference between the responsibilities of Auditors and Directors
In terms of responsibilities, the auditors and the directors serves different purposes in terms of
the independence requirements and to increase the workflow of accounting. The Directors are
entitled with the responsibility to prepare the financial report of the company, analyze the report,
point out certain key issues regarding the business of the company, and implement certain
policies of the committee in accordance with the issue. The preparation of financial report by the
directors by maintaining the fair and true view of the financial status of the company is being
accomplished by following the legislations stated in the corporation act 2001 and the Australian
Accounting Standard (Thomas and Beh 2015). The auditors of the company are also obliged
with the responsibility to disclose all the necessary requirements which is enlisted in the
provisions issued by the legislations of ITAA 1997. This statement of the report and disclosures
of the key matters of accounting is being declared by maintaining the proper ethics of accounting
and the accounting rules which is most appropriate for it. The accounting rules regarding several
accounting issues are also being implemented by the directors unless the directors decided to
withdraw the financial operations or cease the whole venture.
9AUDIT
In terms of the responsibilities of the auditors of the company, it is required analyzed the
financial statements of the company and to assure the management that all the stated data in the
financial report has been followed the proper legislations and are free from any material
mistreatment and are not obliged with any kind of fraudulence or error by the directors. Though
the assurance provided by the auditors cannot be regarded as a guarantee as the financial
statements are being presented by the directors of the company. The assurance that is provided to
the management of the company contains a high level of security and this conduct is being
accomplished in accordance with the provisions stated in the Australian Auditing Standard. In
case of any material misstatement is found in the financial statement of the company, the
economic decision taken by the auditors can influence the operations and controls done by the
directors on a basis of group of items or individual item (Miah 2017).
In order to evaluate the material value over the items incurred by the company, the
historical knowledge of the company is taken into consideration. Certain items such as return on
assets and earning per share which are being considered as a material event and do not included
in the normal operational activities of the business are being excluded from the financial report.
In order to evaluate the material misstatements of the company regarding the associate risks, the
materiality of the group in being compared with the overall materiality level and the result is
applied in the operations of the group events conducted by the business. Certain material values
such as material incomes, impairment risks and indirect tax exposures are being considered as
the investment carrying value in this segment (Griffiths 2016).
Conclusion
The report was evaluated with a purpose to measure the material effectiveness of the
business entity and the auditors are obliged to identify the proper effectiveness of the material
information as the information is justified by the auditors for several appropriate reasons. The
impairment risk incurred from the investment carrying value is being considered as material
information as there is a deficit that can be noticed between the price of quoted shares and the
value of investment carrying unit. By doing the overall analysis of the audit report provided in
the annual report of the company Amcor Limited, it can be seen that the audit report presented
by the auditors of the company has followed every provisions and legislations which is stated in
the regulations like Corporation Act 2001 and the Australian Accounting Standard.
In terms of the responsibilities of the auditors of the company, it is required analyzed the
financial statements of the company and to assure the management that all the stated data in the
financial report has been followed the proper legislations and are free from any material
mistreatment and are not obliged with any kind of fraudulence or error by the directors. Though
the assurance provided by the auditors cannot be regarded as a guarantee as the financial
statements are being presented by the directors of the company. The assurance that is provided to
the management of the company contains a high level of security and this conduct is being
accomplished in accordance with the provisions stated in the Australian Auditing Standard. In
case of any material misstatement is found in the financial statement of the company, the
economic decision taken by the auditors can influence the operations and controls done by the
directors on a basis of group of items or individual item (Miah 2017).
In order to evaluate the material value over the items incurred by the company, the
historical knowledge of the company is taken into consideration. Certain items such as return on
assets and earning per share which are being considered as a material event and do not included
in the normal operational activities of the business are being excluded from the financial report.
In order to evaluate the material misstatements of the company regarding the associate risks, the
materiality of the group in being compared with the overall materiality level and the result is
applied in the operations of the group events conducted by the business. Certain material values
such as material incomes, impairment risks and indirect tax exposures are being considered as
the investment carrying value in this segment (Griffiths 2016).
Conclusion
The report was evaluated with a purpose to measure the material effectiveness of the
business entity and the auditors are obliged to identify the proper effectiveness of the material
information as the information is justified by the auditors for several appropriate reasons. The
impairment risk incurred from the investment carrying value is being considered as material
information as there is a deficit that can be noticed between the price of quoted shares and the
value of investment carrying unit. By doing the overall analysis of the audit report provided in
the annual report of the company Amcor Limited, it can be seen that the audit report presented
by the auditors of the company has followed every provisions and legislations which is stated in
the regulations like Corporation Act 2001 and the Australian Accounting Standard.
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Reference
Bryson, J.M., 2018. Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to
strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. John Wiley & Sons.
Bunker, R., 2014. How is the compact city faring in Australia?. Planning Practice &
Research, 29(5), pp.449-460.
Ferguson, A., Pündrich, G. and Raftery, A., 2014. Auditor industry specialization, service
bundling, and partner effects in a mining-dominated city. Auditing: A Journal of Practice &
Theory, 33(3), pp.153-180.
Griffiths, P., 2016. Risk-based auditing. Routledge.
Halligan, J., 2017. Reform design and performance in Australia and New Zealand.
In Transcending New Public Management (pp. 55-76). Routledge.
Hardy, C.A., 2014. The messy matters of continuous assurance: Findings from exploratory
research in Australia. Journal of Information Systems, 28(2), pp.357-377.
Hassan, M.K., 2015. Corporate governance, audit committee and the internet reporting of
strategic information by UAE non-financial listed firms. Accounting and Management
Information Systems, 14(3), p.508.
Haywood, A., Mellor, A. and Stone, C., 2016. A strategic forest inventory for public land in
Victoria, Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, 367, pp.86-96.
Hoque, Z. ed., 2015. Making governments accountable: The role of public accounts committees
and national audit offices. Routledge.
Reference
Bryson, J.M., 2018. Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to
strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. John Wiley & Sons.
Bunker, R., 2014. How is the compact city faring in Australia?. Planning Practice &
Research, 29(5), pp.449-460.
Ferguson, A., Pündrich, G. and Raftery, A., 2014. Auditor industry specialization, service
bundling, and partner effects in a mining-dominated city. Auditing: A Journal of Practice &
Theory, 33(3), pp.153-180.
Griffiths, P., 2016. Risk-based auditing. Routledge.
Halligan, J., 2017. Reform design and performance in Australia and New Zealand.
In Transcending New Public Management (pp. 55-76). Routledge.
Hardy, C.A., 2014. The messy matters of continuous assurance: Findings from exploratory
research in Australia. Journal of Information Systems, 28(2), pp.357-377.
Hassan, M.K., 2015. Corporate governance, audit committee and the internet reporting of
strategic information by UAE non-financial listed firms. Accounting and Management
Information Systems, 14(3), p.508.
Haywood, A., Mellor, A. and Stone, C., 2016. A strategic forest inventory for public land in
Victoria, Australia. Forest Ecology and Management, 367, pp.86-96.
Hoque, Z. ed., 2015. Making governments accountable: The role of public accounts committees
and national audit offices. Routledge.
11AUDIT
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travel blending interventions in Queensland and Western Australia from 1986–2011. Travel
Behaviour and Society, 8, pp.1-13.
Lenz, R. and Hahn, U., 2015. A synthesis of empirical internal audit effectiveness literature
pointing to new research opportunities. Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(1), pp.5-33.
Miah, M.S., 2017. Accounting standards complexity, audit fees and financial analyst forecasts in
Australia: a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in Accounting at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation,
Massey University).
Pettigrew, M.R., 2015. RESPONSE TO AUSTRALIAN INFRASTRUCTURE AUDIT OF
MAY 2015.
Shah, M. and Richardson, J.T., 2016. Is the enhancement of student experience a strategic
priority in Australian universities?. Higher Education Research & Development, 35(2), pp.352-
364.
Shields, B.P., Moore, S.A. and Eagles, P.F., 2016. Indicators for assessing good governance of
protected areas: Insights from park managers in Western Australia. Parks, 22(1), pp.37-50.
Hunter, R.A., Moore, J. and BCCA Operations Committee, 2016. Evolution of the Bi‐National
Colorectal Cancer Audit: history, governance and future directions. ANZ journal of
surgery, 86(6), pp.431-432.
James, B., Burke, M. and Yen, B.T., 2017. A critical appraisal of individualised marketing and
travel blending interventions in Queensland and Western Australia from 1986–2011. Travel
Behaviour and Society, 8, pp.1-13.
Lenz, R. and Hahn, U., 2015. A synthesis of empirical internal audit effectiveness literature
pointing to new research opportunities. Managerial Auditing Journal, 30(1), pp.5-33.
Miah, M.S., 2017. Accounting standards complexity, audit fees and financial analyst forecasts in
Australia: a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of
Philosophy in Accounting at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation,
Massey University).
Pettigrew, M.R., 2015. RESPONSE TO AUSTRALIAN INFRASTRUCTURE AUDIT OF
MAY 2015.
Shah, M. and Richardson, J.T., 2016. Is the enhancement of student experience a strategic
priority in Australian universities?. Higher Education Research & Development, 35(2), pp.352-
364.
Shields, B.P., Moore, S.A. and Eagles, P.F., 2016. Indicators for assessing good governance of
protected areas: Insights from park managers in Western Australia. Parks, 22(1), pp.37-50.
12AUDIT
Teoh, A.P., Lee, K.Y. and Muthuveloo, R., 2017. The Impact of Enterprise Risk Management,
Strategic Agility, and Quality of Internal Audit Function on Firm Performance. International
Review of Management and Marketing, 7(1), pp.222-229.
Thomas, S. and Beh, L., 2015. Ensuring continuity and credibility of research through audit trail:
Guidelines and examples from case studies. Scottish Journal of Arts, Social Sciences and
Scientific Studies, 15(2), pp.102-117.
Teoh, A.P., Lee, K.Y. and Muthuveloo, R., 2017. The Impact of Enterprise Risk Management,
Strategic Agility, and Quality of Internal Audit Function on Firm Performance. International
Review of Management and Marketing, 7(1), pp.222-229.
Thomas, S. and Beh, L., 2015. Ensuring continuity and credibility of research through audit trail:
Guidelines and examples from case studies. Scottish Journal of Arts, Social Sciences and
Scientific Studies, 15(2), pp.102-117.
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