Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay
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Added on 2020-07-22
Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay
Added on 2020-07-22
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Cover PageAssessment 1: Short Answer Assessment Assessment 1: Short Answer Assessment____________________The following criteria will be marked on each of the sections below:1.Demonstrate an understanding of the research on characteristics, history, myths,and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.2.Analyse the impact of historical changes, myths and societal expectations on individuals on the autism spectrum of their families.3.Present information in a clear and organised manner, providing support from appropriate sources.What you’re doing well ...What you need to address next time ...Overall Mark: /40 High Distinction Credit Pass Fail Distinction
EDGS951 Autism and LearningAssessment 1 – Short Answer (40 points)1. Myths – 6 marksPlease list 6 myths about autism spectrum disorder and then refute these myths by restating them so they present the facts and current knowledge in this area. Please limit these restatements to only 1-2 sentences. Youdo not need to provide a reference for your answers in this section.1. Myth: Vaccines cause Autism. Restatement: In the 1990’s Gastroenterologist Andrew Wakefield MD studied the possible link between vaccine viruses and intestinal tissues causing bowel cancer,these vaccines were also associated with Autism. Studies were carriedout over the next 12 years and it was found to be untrue and thatWakefield had in fact been paid by a lawyer seeking to file lawsuitsagainst vaccine manufacturers. Wakefield was banned from practicingmedicine in Britain.2. Myth: Autism is caused by bad parenting. Restatement : Bruno Bettelheim believed that children developed Autism from cold,unemotional mothers which were given the term “refrigerator mothers”.Bettelheim’s work was not evidence based and he had no training inpsychiatry or medicine.3. Myth: Autism is an epidemic.Restatement: Autism diagnosis has changed, and we have a better understanding of thecondition, we have a wider range of characteristics in the AutismSpectrum. parents and professionals use these criteria to now identifyindividuals at a younger age. There is little evidence at this stage to saythat Autism is increasing.4. Myth: Individuals with Autism are more aggressive. Restatement:Individuals on the ASD may shout and hit out but no more than any other child
usually this aggression is out of frustration to communicate their needs or to a lack of alternative skills or even difficulties in dealing in their sensoryenvironment. It is unusual for an individual with Autism to intentionallycause harm to another person.5. Myth: Autism is a childhood condition that can be cured or outgrownRestatement:Autism currently has no known cure, but with appropriate interventionchildren can learn many of the skills they need to have a full andsuccessful life. Through this early intervention of skills individuals canbecome valued people in society, but this also relies on education aboutASD that it is not a disability but a condition when addressed these individuals can lead happy andproductive lives.6. Myth:Autism is a behavioral and mental health disorder Restatement:Autism is a is a neurodevelopmental condition with the onset before theage of 3. First known as “infantile Schizophrenia” these individuals werecared for in institutions. In the early 1940’s Leo Kannner studied severalindividuals with Autism and found that the brain develops differently totypically developing children, affecting many areas of developmentincluding social, behavioral and communication.1. Myths-CriteriaHighDistinctionDistinctionCreditPassFailMarkMarks5.25-6.004.5-5.004.00-4.253.00-3.750.00-2.75Demonstrate an understanding of the research on the history and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and analyse the impact of this history for individuals on the autism spectrum.Demonstrates a very high level of knowledge and understanding of all concepts/issues.Demonstrates ahigh level of knowledge and understanding of all concepts/issues.Demonstrates asatisfactory level of knowledge and understanding of all concepts/issues.Demonstrates a limited level of knowledge and understanding of all concepts/issues Demonstrates extremely limited to no level of knowledge of all concepts/issues. /6Comments
**For the rest of this assessment please utilize APA 6th style for referencing. It is suggested that you the resources on referencing and writing, which can be found in the Assessment folder on the Moodle site.2. History and Diagnosis of ASD (8 marks)a. Please list two people who were important in shaping the history of ASD. Describe the role they played and the impact they had on research and practice in autism spectrum disorder. Please limit your response to 2-3 sentences. Please provide at least one reference for your responses. (2 marks)1) Leo Kanner was a doctor in the 1940’s who studied a group of children thought to be mentally retarded(NAC 2009). Kanner observed that they did not socially interact, had difficulty with speech, had repetitivebehaviors (NAC 2009) and did not like change. This behavior had been thought to be caused or linked to badparenting. From this observation Kanner was able to identify that the behavior was more likely to be aneurodevelopmental caused by genetic and environmental factors in the individual’s life (NAC 2009).2) In the same decade Hans Asperger was also studying a group of children he also observed the socialinteraction with their peers (NAC 2009). These children however did not have communication difficulties andspoke early in childhood (NAC 2009). These children showed independence with day to day functions and didnot have low cognitive abilities (NAC 2009). Asperger also noted that these children quite bright in areas ofinterest and could retain information. Unlike Kanner, Apergers research was not recognised for three decadesafter.b. Please discuss the history of autism, explaining how the changing diagnostic criteria, as reflected in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM), has shaped our understanding of autism. Please provide at leastone reference to support your statement. Please limit your discussion to no more than 1paragraphs. (3 marks)When Dr Kanner first studied children in the 1940’s it was mostly through observation and the criteria for thediagnosis of Autism (NAC 2009) was not published until the 1980’s in the DSM-III and was originally namedInfantile Autism (NAC 2009). In 1987 when the DSM-III-R was published the diagnosis was known as AutisticDisorder. In 1994 there were major changes to the diagnosis criteria which created the DSM-IV know as ASDwhich included the sub-categories of Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, PDD-NOS, Rhett’s Disorder and
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