Automatic Association between African-Americans and Negative Terms

The study aims to assess if there is evidence of an automatic association between African-Americans and negative terms by considering female insight. Both primary and secondary data collection has been used in order to generate the best outcomes and results reflected through inferential statistics that majority of the female participants prefer both white and black people.

To assess if there is evidence of an automatic
association between African-Americans and
negative terms

ABSTRACT
The entire study based upon perception of people towards a black or white people whose main
aim is to assess if there is evidence of an automatic association between African-Americans and
negative terms by considering female insight. Both primary and secondary data collection has
been used in order to generate the best outcomes and results reflected through inferential
statistics that majority of the female participants prefer both white and black people.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Hypothesis...................................................................................................................................4
Methodology................................................................................................................................5
Results..........................................................................................................................................6
Discussion....................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Human attitude is defined as a feature or quality of a person that drive their attention
towards conducting specific activity and respond to particular thing. It defines where an
individual person came from and how to react to specific situation. Human attribute enable them
to act in particular circumstance and deal with an issue that they face. A key characteristic of
person affects behavior of other individuals surround them and impact the way they work at
same workplace (Lee, Quinn and Pascalis, 2017). Implicit attitudes are negative & positive
evaluations that less available to conscious awareness of a person. Individual attitude towards
other people who not belonging to their home town and similar background is different as they
sometimes react in negative way that impact negatively upon their current as well as further
activities. It can be said that an attitude of candidate defines as set of emotion, attributes and
beliefs towards a specific event, act and person.
The current project will be based on specific aim and that is to evaluate if there is
evidence of an automatic associated between American and African and negative terms. In the
context of this study, researcher will use effective approaches and methods. They will utilize
appropriate methods of research methodologies.
Rationale-
Researcher may choose above topic for purpose of gathering more information about
human attitude that enable them to conduct unethical practices. They expect to get data about an
automatic associated between African and American and negative terms (Hudson, Cikara and
Sidanius, 2019). For purpose of choosing this concept is to assess each and everything about
above statement that help to collect useful info, which investigatory may utilize to present
appropriate findings and draw conclusion at the end of their research. This investigation may
provide them benefits of determining attitude impact on individuals' performance in negative
manner, especially female that work in many companies and face challenge due to stereotype.
Hypothesis
H0 (null hypothesis): There is no significant difference between African-Americans and
preference of females.

H1 (Alternative hypothesis): There is a significant difference between African-Americans and
preference of females.
Methodology
Research type
There are two types of research which includes qualitative and quantitative. In the present
research, quantitative study has been adopted in order to determine the automatic association
between African-American and negative terms. With the help of this research type, scholar is
able to quantify the terms in numerical forms, as it helps to generate the best outcomes of a
research.
Research approach & Philosophy
In accordance with the research type, investigator used deductive approach and
positivism research philosophy. With the help of this, researcher can able to meet the defined
aim and determine association is positive or negative. Through the chosen strategies, investigator
is able to take the results towards specific requirement by conclude results.
Data Collection
For the current study, both primary and secondary data collection methods has been used
in order to derive valid results. Under primary, survey has been used through the means of
questionnaire which assist to answer the relevant questions. Also, through secondary data
collection methods, relevant books, journals and articles has been chosen that helps to develop a
brief thesis for the study.
Data analysis:
There are two ways through data can be analyzed such as SPSS and thematic data
analysis. In accordance with the research type, scholar uses only SPSS software where
descriptive and inferential statistic has been used to derive an association between the variables.
With the help of selected tool, scholar can develop themes and generate the findings by
analyzing the female preference for African-Americans and negative terms.
Sampling:

For the present research, simple random sampling has been used in order to derive better
results. In this, 101 male and female has selected as a respondent for the present study that helps
to conduct the study in more precise manner. All the respondents are fall under different age
category that helps to meet the defined aim.
Ethical consideration:
Researcher should ensure about confidentiality in which personal information about the
research participants should not be shared. Also, researcher should comply with Data protection
act in order to meet the defined aim. Further, took a consent from the research participants prior
to the study so that effective results can be generated. Moreover, it is also necessary for the
researcher to maintain the dignity and by adding reference list at the end of a report also indicate
that the research is not copied from anywhere.
Dependent variable: Preferences
Independent variable: Female
Results
Descriptive analysis
It is the type of analysis of data which assist, describe and summarize the data points in a
constructive way that helps to determine the pattern of data i.e. direction. Also, in the context of
present study, with the help of descriptive data analysis, researcher also provide summary of
entire data in order to provide basic information about variable in a dataset and assist to highlight
the relationship between variables.
Statistics
Age Gender Test takers
racial
descriptor
Preference Warmth Stereotype
noncongruent
reaction time
Stereotype
Congruent
reaction
time
N Valid 101 101 101 101 101 101 101
Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 24.29 1.3960 2.90 3.23 -.03 1.2009 1.0945
Median 21.00 1.0000 3.00 3.00 .00 1.2120 1.0340
Mode 21 1.00 3 3 0 1.44 1.54

Std. Deviation 8.492 .49151 1.245 .859 2.602 .41706 .38577
Variance 72.107 .242 1.550 .738 6.769 .174 .149
Interpretation: As per the above descriptive statistics, it has been identified that average number
of respondents are female and majority of them are 21 by age. However, on the other side, 50%
of the selected respondents are Caucasian and average number of test takers racial descriptor are
also Caucasian. Moreover, majority of the selected participants stated that they like Whites and
Blacks equally rather than putting preference on any single category. Apart from this, the
average of non-congruent reaction time noted by chosen participants are 1.2009 whereas
majority of them took 1.44. while on the other side, it has been also exhibit from the descriptive
analysis that 50% of the participants consume the congruent time by 1.03 and average of them
took 1.09 time which in turn reflected that stereotype congruent time require less time as
compared to non- congruent one.
Cross-tab
In order to analyze the categorical relationship between the variables, chi-square as an
inferential statistic has been used that helps to identify whether the relationship between the
variable is by-chance or automatic. As per the defined aim, to analyze the preference of female,
chi-square as an inferential tool has been used.
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
Gender *
Preference 61 100.0% 0 0.0% 61 100.0%
Gender * Preference Crosstabulation
Count
Preference Total
I strongly
prefer Whites
to Blacks
I moderately
prefer Whites
to Blacks
I like Whites
and Blacks
equally
I moderately
prefer Blacks
to Whites
I strongly
prefer Blacks
to Whites

Gender Female 4 7 24 20 6 61
Total 4 7 24 20 6 61
Interpretation: From the above table, it has been interpreted that there 61 females and
they all have different perception regarding African- American. Such that out of 61, 4 of them
stated that they strongly prefer White to Blacks whereas, 7 of them stated that they prefer to
Whites to Blacks. Apart from this, it has been analyzed that majority i.e. 24 female respondents
are stated that they like Whites and Blacks equally, while on the other side, only 6 of them stated
that they strongly prefer Blacks to Whites and only 20 of them stated that they moderately prefer
Blacks to White.
Overall, it has been identified that majority of the female prefer white and black people
equally which in turn reflected that there is different perspective of people and this is varied state
by state. Thus, it can be stated that there are many reason which also lead most of the black
people towards decline phase. That is why, it can be stated through inferential statistics that there
is an automatic relationship identified between female perception towards an African-American
people.
Discussion
As per the above inferential tool, it has been identified that there is actual relationship
identified between the variables. Also, majority of the female participants are agreed that they
prefer both white and black people, this reflected that chosen participants does not have any issue
regarding people on the basis of race. Quinn, Lee and Pascalis (2019) also supported that people
belongs to different state have various perception and that is why, preference changes according
to state and mind-set. Also, the perception towards Americans people is always high as
compared to Africans. Such that White people has made progress towards an improving race
relation whereas black people failed to make the same. That is why, majority of people prefer to
have white people, while conducting a primary research, it has been analyzed that the preference
of female respondents is same in both white and black.
In addition to this, it has been identified through the descriptive analysis that majority of
the people agreed that their test racial descriptor is Caucasian which means white-skinned people
whose origin is Europe. That is why, the implication of the findings reflected the perception of

people towards race. By interpreting the results, it has been also identified that there is an
association between variable and that is why, preferring both white and black people equally will
help to create equality within society and also creates a positive impact (Gornall and Strebulaev,
2020). However, there is a limitation of the data i.e. short data and less variable pertaining to
chosen data. This in turn only assist to recognize the preference of female, otherwise can used
many inferential test. Thus, it is recommended for the future research to include more variables
so that another inferential tool can be applied which includes Regression, correlation that
determine the significant value between other variables. With the help of this, it will be easy to
examine the perception of both male and female towards racism.
CONCLUSION
By summing up above, it has been concluded that by using quantitative research
methodology, scholar determine the association by considering female preferences. Also, from
the inferential statistic, it has been summarized that majority of female respondents are agreed to
prefer both white and black people equally. That is why, can be stated that there is an automatic
relationship identified instead of by-chance. So, in future when the same research will have
performed then there is a need to consider more variables so that effective results can be drawn
accordingly.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Gornall, W., & Strebulaev, I. A. (2020). Gender, race, and entrepreneurship: A randomized field
experiment on venture capitalists and angels. Available at SSRN 3301982.
Hudson, S. K. T. J., Cikara, M., & Sidanius, J. (2019). Preference for hierarchy is associated
with reduced empathy and increased counter-empathy towards others, especially out-group
targets. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 85. 103871.
Lee, K., Quinn, P. C., & Pascalis, O. (2017). Face race processing and racial bias in early
development: A perceptual-social linkage. Current Directions in Psychological
Science. 26(3). 256-262.
Quinn, P. C., Lee, K., & Pascalis, O. (2019). Face processing in infancy and beyond: The case of
social categories. Annual review of psychology. 70. 165-189.