BACTERIAA. Characteristics Bacteria is defined as a unicellular microorganisms (Brown and et.al., 2015).Prokaryotic organisms without defined cell organelles.Occur in single form or in colonies.These do not have natural death.Classified into three types based on shape: 1.Bacilli - Rod shaped bacteria known as 2.Cocci - Spherical shaped3.Spirilli - Curved shapedCell structuresIllustration 1: Cell structure of Bacteria(Source : Hoover and Steenson, 2014).
The cell structure of bacteria comprises of:Cell wall: It is made up of glycoprotein murein (Saier, 2014).It provide support and rigidity to bacterial cell.It protects cell in hypotonic medium.Plasma Membrane: It is also called cytoplasmic membrane.It is mainly composed of proteins, phospholipids and carbohydrates.It helps in transportation of substances in the cell (Gouin, Torres and Cossart, 2015).Provides mechanical barrier to cell.Act as semi-permeable membrane which permits entry of selected substances into the cell.Cytoplasm: It helps in cellular growth as well as replication.Maintains metabolism in bacterial cell ().Ribosomes: tiny granular structure made up of RNA and proteins.Site of protein synthesis.Plasmid: these are tiny circular DNA Capsule: It covers outer part of cell wall.It protects cell from dryness.Pili: These are protein structures that fixes bacteria to surfacesFlagella: It is tail like structureshelps in movement of bacterial cell.Reproduction :
Bacteria reproduces and grows by binary fission. In this process cell divides into two half to form daughter cells.The cytoplasm divides and two identical cells are formed.Environment: Bacteria are abundantly found in water bodies, deserts, hot springs and bodies of other organisms.Disease causing bacteria in humansDiseases in humansCausal BacteriaTuberculosis : infection of lungsMycobacterium tuberculosisSyphilis: sexually transmitted diseaseTreponema pilludumCholera: caused by intake of contaminated foodVibrio choleraePneumonia : inflammatory lung diseaseStreptococcus pneumoniaeB. Transmission methods Bacterial transmission involves following methods:Entry of microbes in hosts :Bacteria enter into human body through contaminated food and water (Saier, 2014).Consumption of contaminated water from uncontrolled water resources.Illustration 2: Binnary fission in bacteria(Source:Gouin, Torres and Cossart, 2015)
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