Banning Cars from City Centre: Economic, Environmental and Social Impacts

This report shows the importance of making a city car free and its impact on the economical section of the city by affecting jobs and impacts on the businesses, it also analyses how banning the cars will impact the city's carbon footprint and how pollution can affect the climate and people. It also shows the public response and response of the society for the decision to prevent cars in city and how it will impact the changes in demographic of the city. It will also show the effect on the crime rate and will eliminate various crimes which includes cars primarily. The report has various suggestion regarding the impact of banning the cars and how to overcome the challenges after banning the cars and using public transport as an effective alternate.

Academic and Professional
Skills

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This project report shows the concept of banning the car from the city centre and to show its
impact on the various factors like, economic, social and environmental the report discusses the
various public response that will be the main issue if something happen like this. Although it will
affect the environment in a very positive way.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
The Economic Impacts................................................................................................................3
The Environmental Impacts........................................................................................................4
The Social Impacts......................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
MAIN BODY
The Economic Impacts
Impacts Related To Employment
Banning cars from city centre can make employment rate fall down drastically by taxi
drivers loosing their jobs but instead a suggestion could be made by administration that those cab
drivers could be offered to drive public vehicles so that they have something to live on. Cutting
off people's job suddenly can show a forceful change in economical section of the country.
Although banning cars will increase popularity among people to use bicycles and prefer walking.
These will give employment to cycle vendors and the persons who repair them. However, it
might lead the economy to fall for first but might later be stable. The employment will rise as
people will use more public transport which will result in increase in number of public
transportation methods (Fridstrøm, and Østli.2021). But in current situation where this pandemic
is going on, using private cars are seemed to be a better option than using public transport. It will
reduce the disease transmission and will help people to avoid direct contact. But if theoretically
speaking of banning the cars, then car manufacturers and retailers will lose their business and
many people related to the industry will be unemployed.
Cost To The Taxpayers
The cost of taxes will be low because of less consumption of fuel that need to import for
the personal cars but when using public transport the fuel that is used by the government is
cheaper. If the people do not own a car, they can save the maintenance cost that is has to be
given every month. Less consumption of fuel can lead the country to rise in environmental factor
as well as in global economical section which will higher their monetary value (Hofer, Jäger, and
Füllsack,2018). Taxes of public transport is nearly zero which is radically substituted by the
price paid by the people for their fuel taxes.

Impact On Businesses
By cutting cars from the city may shut down most of the businesses related to the auto-
mobile industry like manufacturers, retailers, and service centres, modifiers and customization
shops will face the negative impact and loss in the industry. The local shops and markets can
expand in the city centre and can offer various nice things to enjoy. Various coffee shops can be
opened so that they can give outside sitting in winters for cozy afternoon coffee. However, the
local market can bloom and an extra place that is not being used by cars can be used for more
green spaces (Plötz, P., and et.al. 2019). Local business will grow drastically after people realize
that local business provide better products than the products that are being imported. People will
start to like the local market which will give them the essence of their own city and will promote
local food and products.
The Environmental Impacts
Impacts On The City’s Carbon Footprint And Sustainability
Carbon footprint can be calculated by adding all the green house gases in the
environment and that is created by our actions. It is one of the main indicator used to understand
the impact of carbon emission on global warming. It had effected the planet significantly, it's
effect are seen as a result of global warming and unexpected climate changes, melting of ice
glaciers and increase in sea level. When fossil fuels are burned CO2 is released in to the
atmosphere and resulting in green house effect. Cars are the major cause of air pollution for
producing significant gases which result in major impact on atmosphere. The trend is now
changing from fossil fuel vehicles to Electric vehicles which runs on battery and will be more
environmental friendly as compared to the current cars which uses fuels to run. Each gallon of
fuel that is burnt produces nearly 20lbs of green house gas. This study will analyse the effect on
carbon footprint from ban of such vehicles. Regular PUC (Pollution Under Control) has to be
checked of every car and PUC certificate should be maintained (Locosselli, and et.al.2019). A
fact is that the climate has been effected till now can not be reversed but can be preserved if we
cautiously use the vehicles which produces no green house gasses.
Impacts On Pollution And Climate

If cars are banned in city, the air pollution will be decreased by significant amount and
will be noticeable. The pollution will be reduced and the people will have fresh air to breath.
According to a research vehicle pollution can cause asthma, bronchitis and lung cancer. The city
can be converted into pollution free zone after banning of cars that runs on fuels. New and
modified versions of cars can still be used which runs on battery and does not produce carbon
dioxide as a result. After it the climate can be seen more clear and fresh because of no pollution.
The pollution of the environment would fall drastically and will be effective in less than 3 month
period, the air and the environment will be much purer and clearer and can reduce the acid rain
and heat strike in emerging summer times.
The Environmental Impacts Of Any Construction Work That Is Needed
The construction work that is needed are more widen pavement roads and a bicycle tracks
for cyclist. Construction can cause GHG but not in a manner cars were producing. Extraction of
raw material for the construction emit more carbon dioxide than construction itself. The impact
on environment can be very minimal due to construction but the parking space for cycles and
public transport has to be build from many places.
The Social Impacts
Public Response To The Changes And Impacts Of This Response On Society
Public might show some disapproval of the idea to ban cars from city but the
administration or the government has to make them understand how badly it is affecting the
environment. But once people get to know that they are right they will start to use more public
transport and will eventually eliminate the carbon emission caused by personal cars. It will effect
the health of public and will allow them to breath fresh air and eliminate most of the lung
diseases (Rincon-Roldan, and Lopez-Cabrales, 2021). People will not use gym after that and will
prefer walking or cycling to work. But for some people who have to commute to long distance
for going to work will face difficulties travelling to work as it will consume more time.
Changes To The Demographic Of The Area

There will be a lot of people wanting to shift to the centre for being nearby to their working
space so that it will take less time to travel to work people will live in big apartment near the city
area rather than living in single house far from city or in country side ((Egidi, and et.al. 2021)).
Changes In Crime Rate And Prevalent Types Of Crime.
Crime rate would fall adequately by banning the cars as it will eliminate the accidents,
rash driving, hit-and-run crimes, kidnapping will fall down effectively if cars are banned from
city. People can walk wherever they like without being feared about getting hit by a car. Larceny
theft of cars will be eliminated and people can be relieved about not being their car stolen.
Prevalent crimes are seen more in suburbs sides than in city area as not many people live outside
the city. Less issuing of driving licences may result in eliminating the risk of everyone driving
and carrying a car of their own (Sharkey, Torrats-Espinosa and Takyar,2017). People usually
drive home alone when they are drunk and this results in accidents which are very fatal to driver
or to any pedestrian that was walking nearby, drunk driving is one of the major crime committed
by the people and will be eliminated if the cars are banned in city.
CONCLUSION
This report shows the importance of making a city car free and its impact on the
economical section of the city by affecting jobs and impacts on the businesses, it also analyses
how banning the cars will impact the city's carbon footprint and how pollution can affect the
climate and people. It also shows the public response and response of the society for the decision
to prevent cars in city and how it will impact the changes in demographic of the city. It will also
show the effect on the crime rate and will eliminate various crimes which includes cars
primarily. The report has various suggestion regarding the impact of banning the cars and how to
overcome the challenges after banning the cars and using public transport as an effective
alternate.
RECOMMENDATIONS
 Employment:

Putting a ban cars will decrease the employment of the taxi or cab drivers but various
techniques could be used to eliminate this challenge by putting public transport drivers on shift
which will generate employment and will ease up the work load. This will result in working 3
shift timings and will be more effective while running a public service.
 Crime rate:
As discussed above, about the decrease in various crimes but the drivers of public
transport may still vary upon the trust that they will not commit any such crimes to ensure the
proper functioning of the system more police could be active in the area to prevent such crimes
from happening (Butollo, F. and Ten Brink, T., 2018). This will minimize the risk of crime being
committed if people are aware of the strict actions police will take after any such crime occurs.
 Pollution and Climate:
The city after putting a ban on personal vehicles will have a drastic change on
environment in less than 3 months the air will be purer and clear. The pollution effect will be
very less than compared to the previous time. It will start to change the lifestyle of people and
will give them a better lifestyle.
 Growth of local market:
People will engage in local market once they start walking nearby and this will make the
locals grow the market according to the public demand. People will offer more good things to the
public that will effect the growth of the market and will generate more employment for the
people (Eguiluz‐Gracia, and et.al. 2020). Local market will offer local product that will
eventually increase the economy of the city.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Butollo, F. and Ten Brink, T., 2018. A great leap? Domestic market growth and local state
support in the upgrading of China's LED lighting industry. Global Networks.18(2). pp.285-
306.
Egidi, G.and et.al. 2021. Re-Framing the Latent Nexus between Land-Use Change, Urbanization
and Demographic Transitions in Advanced Economies. Sustainability.13(2). p.533.
Eguiluz‐Gracia, I., and et.al. 2020. The need for clean air: the way air pollution and climate
change affect allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy.75(9). pp.2170-2184.
Fridstrøm, L. and Østli, V., 2021. Direct and cross price elasticities of demand for gasoline,
diesel, hybrid and battery electric cars: the case of Norway. European Transport Research
Review.13(1). pp.1-24.
Hofer, C., Jäger, G. and Füllsack, M., 2018. Large scale simulation of CO2 emissions caused by
urban car traffic: An agent-based network approach. Journal of Cleaner Production.183.
pp.1-10.
Locosselli, G.M. and et.al.2019. The role of air pollution and climate on the growth of urban
trees. Science of the Total Environment.666. pp.652-661.
Plötz, P., and et.al. 2019. Designing car bans for sustainable transportation. Nature
Sustainability.2(7). pp.534-536.
Rincon-Roldan, F. and Lopez-Cabrales, A., 2021. The impact of employment relationships on
firm sustainability. Employee Relations: The International Journal.
Sharkey, P., Torrats-Espinosa, G. and Takyar, D., 2017. Community and the crime decline: The
causal effect of local nonprofits on violent crime.American Sociological Review.82(6).
pp.1214-1240.
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