Bariatric Surgery: Effects and Risks

Running head: BARIATRIC SURGERY
Topic: BARIATRIC SURGERY
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1BARIATRIC SURGERY
Introduction
Bariatric surgery procedures are considered as those procedures which mainly cause
the loss in weight by mainly causing restriction in the actual amount of food which the
stomach can accommodate (Angrisani et al. 2015). Sometimes, a combination of both
malabsorption as well as gastric restriction can be used. Moreover, one of the principle
changes for the bariatric procedures is hormonal changes. There have been various
procedures for bariatric surgery like sleeve gastrostomy, adjustable gastric band, gastric
bypass and bili-pancreatic diversion along with the methods of duodenal switch is used
(Palep 2019). There are various pros and cons of the process of bariatric surgery. Processes
like gastric bypass surgery leads to fast recovery as well as dramatic results where more than
half of the loss in weight takes place usually and can be extended as long as two years
(Mingrone 2017). However, the disadvantage of the process is that here are limited
absorption useful nutrients. Moreover there is increased physiological risks like blood clots as
well as infections. The following paragraphs of the essay would deal with the various
physiological effects of the process of bariatric surgery and include the various risks and
involved. Thus from the exploration of the following information it can be seen that bariatric
surgery is an effective method for the reduction of body fats in obese people ultimately
leading to positive outcomes.
Discussion
Short term effects of bariatric surgery
Although processes like bariatric surgery has been tested in most of the patients and
given positive results, there are some immediate side effects of the process. Patients
undergoing surgeries might develop infections nausea, vomiting as well as diseases like
pneumonia. Moreover, patients undergoing gastric sleeve often show the contradictory results

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of the procedure and gain weight after losing only a small amount immediately (Lips et al.
2014).
Long term risks of bariatric surgery
Open surgery procedures alike bariatric surgery often has a number of side effects. They are
inclusive of post-operative pain, as well as enhanced rates of iatrogenic spelectonomy
alongside complications of the abdominal wall (Puzziferi et al. 2014). Moreover, patients
undergoing bariatric surgery often require a long time to come back to the normal functioning
of the body. More than 20 % of people has developed hernias (El Hadi et al. 2014).
Moreover, changes in the levels of gastrointestinal hormones lead to a variety of
physiological changes. Other side effects are concerned with the surgery process including
laparoscopy. Furthermore, the patients often suffer from limited post-operative pain,
enhanced postoperative pulmonary functioning along with reduced wound complications.
However, patients have also reported to cause anastomotic stricture along with increased
cases of gastrointestinal bleeding along with delayed bowel obstruction after post-operative
process (Hawkins & Maheswaran 2016.). Apart from all these effects, there are various long
term effects of the process conferred with these procedures in patients, like bowel
obstruction, dumping syndrome, lower blood sugar levels and increased formation of hernias.
Hypoglycemia, malnutrition like reasons are also the causes of the after effects of the process.
Furthermore, stomach perforation, staple line failure and ulcers along with vomiting are also
one of the physiological problems in patents (Froclich et al. 2016).
Changes in gastrointestinal hormones in bariatric surgery and their effects
There is an intricate understanding of the complex entero neurohumoral interaction
and the various consequences in appetite, energy expenditure for fat loss. Changes in energy
expenditure have increased metabolic effects and weight loss in the patients following
bariatric surgery. An assessment of energy expenditure has found a decrease after undergoing