Basics of Networking

Running Head: BASICS OF NETWORKING
BASICS OF NETWORKING
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BASICS OF NETWORKING
1.Classful addressing bifurcates the IP address into host ID and network ID. Classful
addressing limits the count of network which can be providing to the network. In classful
addressing subset mask is used. Classless addressing allows the usage of subnet mask which
is of varying length called VLSM (Variable Length Subnet Mask). The subnet mask used is
different in the same network. Network ID and host ID is not bounded in classless
addressing. In classless addressing has no subnet mask.
2.Class A is large as it has 24 bits of addressing that is enough for a large number of
individual devices. This is the reason as why Class A address is wasted. The class A subnet is
large for almost all organization and most establishment have small scale amount of devices.
Hence a big chunk of Class A addressing is not used as is wasted.
The reason for most organization not wanting a clock of Class C is because Class C is
way too small scale for organizations.
3.Mask in IPv4 is used to recognize the network addresses of the IP address by bitwise AND
operation on netmask. The subnet mask masks the IP address and further bifurcates the
address into host address and network address.
4. In one block of address, network address is the very first address. Given that if one of the
addresses in the block is known, we can find the network address by ANDing the mask with
the known address in the block.
5.Subnetting is the method to partition one single network into smaller logical networks or
subnets. Partition is done to generate more than one sub networks. Subnets are highly

BASICS OF NETWORKING
enhances security and efficiency of network and reduces broadcast domain size. Subnets
accepts the bits from host segment of the IP address, uses the bits to allocate sub networks
within the initial network.
Default subnet mask in IP addresses for Class A, B and C are:
Class A: 255.0.0.0
Class B: 255.255.0.0
Class C: 255.255.255.0
Subnetting gives allowance to create multiple networks with the existing network. In a
classful addressing the number of consecutive one’s in subnet mask is more than default
mask.
6.NAT or Network Address Translation is so designed to conserve IP address. The IP
networks which are private and uses unregistered addresses, NAT enables them to link to the
Internet. NAT connects two distinct network together and a router is needed to operate NAT.
NAT translates private addresses into the legal address inside the network before any data
packets are send into another network. NAT is configured to proclaim 1 address for whole
network. This enhances security level as the internal network is hidden behind the address.
NAT improves the security of the network and reduces the count of the IP addresses
the organization needs. The user can have internally a large set of address or a small set
externally. NAT helps in address depletion by regulating the traffic on the larger set and the
traffic outside to the smaller set.