Big Data: Overview, Characteristics, Technologies, Applications, Advantages and Disadvantages

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Table of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2
History of big data.................................................................................................................................2
Overview of big data.............................................................................................................................3
Characteristics of big data.....................................................................................................................4
Volume..............................................................................................................................................4
Variety...............................................................................................................................................4
Velocity..............................................................................................................................................4
Variability..........................................................................................................................................4
Veracity.............................................................................................................................................5
Complexity.........................................................................................................................................5
Technologies..........................................................................................................................................5
Applications of big data.........................................................................................................................6
Government......................................................................................................................................7
International development................................................................................................................7
Manufacturing...................................................................................................................................7
Cyber-physical models.......................................................................................................................7
Advantages of big data..........................................................................................................................8
Disadvantages of big data......................................................................................................................8
Challenges faced by big data.................................................................................................................8
Dealing with data growth..................................................................................................................8
Generating insights in a timely manner.............................................................................................9
Integrating disparate data resources.................................................................................................9
Security and privacy-related issue.....................................................................................................9
Recommendation..................................................................................................................................9
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................10
References...........................................................................................................................................11

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Introduction
Big data is defined as a technique which is used to control and manage a large
amount of data set. Many organization contains very large data but they are not able to
handle some challenges such as analysis, data curation, sharing, and data visualization
and information privacy (Chen, & Zhang, 2014). To avoid such kind of problems,
information and communication technology has established a new method that is big
data. The main goal of this report is to appreciate the fundamental idea of big data with
their advantages and disadvantages. Today most organization analyse the data with the
help of big data technology because it has the ability to control and monitor huge data.
The word big data refer to the usage of prognostic analytics and this technology is more
efficient for the visualization of data. With the help of this technology consumers can
handle data or information in a computer system and it is observed that the rate of big
data has increased by 40% in the last five years.
History of big data
The fundamental concept of big data technique is completely based on the data
analytics approach. Many organizations understand that if they detect the data which
streams into their commercial then they can apply this process for analysis. Big data is
an advanced technology that comprises data and it also used to store the consumer’s
data. The term big data was identified by Roger Douglas in the year 2005 and the
application of this technology is something that has been in reality for a long duration.
The colossus is in one of the first data processing technique that was introduced by the
British in the year 1943 (Chen, Chiang, & Storey, 2012). This machine was used for
searching for the data pattern and record user's data at the rate of five thousand
characters per second. From this investigation in the year 1952 the United States
created a national security agency that uses a machine learning program to handle a
large amount of data. The first data centre was developed in the year 1965 for storing
billions of tax and fingerprint sets.
During the generation of big data yahoo developed an open source Hadoop for
indexing the complete World Wide Web. At that time the use of social media was
increasing very fast and a large amount of data were detected on daily basis (Chen, Mao,

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& Liu, 2014). Many government communities and business established big data
projects like in the year 2009 the biggest biometric database created and governments
analysed and stored fingerprint and iris scans of all consumers. In the last few years,
many organizations have introduced a new approach to big data, for example, HCL,
Google and many more. In the year 2017, the rate of this technique has grown by 30%
due to this increment information and technology developed many processes to handle
human data. 80% of the available data has been developed in the last 2 years and the
use of big data process is growing very quickly because many consumers use social
media for communication.
Overview of big data
Big data technology helps business communities to harness their data or
information and use this technique to produce a new opportunity for analysis. This
technology is making a new generation of decision support data management and many
industries are identifying the potential value of this data and putting into a technique.
Information and technology developed many approaches for maintaining data for
example simulation, machine education, and regression analysis but these are not much
efficient. For which big data technology has been created that has the ability to analyze
both structured and unstructured data and a recent study indicated that in the year
2015 big data provided almost 4 million jobs globally (Fan, & Bifet, 2013).
It is also making a huge demand for consumers and organization’s that can store
and analyse big data technology. Recent investigation shows that in the year 2018 the
United States faces a shortage of 140,000 to 190,000 individuals with deep analytics
(Gandomi, & Haider, 2015). Big data technology represent a blog of records where data
of every user can be analysed and it is a correct statistically that provide a clear
understanding of pictures, documents and data. It has a volume which needs a parallel
processing and a special model to store human data and it is not possible to access one
computer. The main reason for making big data technology was to store and analysis
the huge amount of data and it has the capability to recognize the customer data. This
technology has numbers of resources, for example, every mouse clicks on a web link
that can be stored in web log files and analysed to understand the behaviour of
consumers. This technology involves data sets that store, manage and capture data. This