Association between Big Five Personality Traits and Mental Health

This report investigates the association between the Big Five personality traits and mental health outcomes. Regression and correlation analyses were conducted on data collected from 143 participants. Results show a positive relationship between self-esteem and extraversion, and a moderate association between all three variables. The study concludes that personality traits play a significant role in mental health outcomes.

Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract........................................................................................................................................2
Introduction..................................................................................................................................2
Methods.......................................................................................................................................3
Results..........................................................................................................................................4
Discussion....................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
APPENDIX......................................................................................................................................9
1. Reliability test..........................................................................................................................9
2. Regression................................................................................................................................9
3. Correlation.............................................................................................................................11
4. Descriptive statistics..............................................................................................................12

Title: To investigate the association between the big five personality trait of a human.
Abstract
The entire report assist to determine the association between the variables in which 143
people selected in order to present their views pertaining to chosen topic. Among all, majority of
them are female that reflected the exact relationship between variable. With the help of
regression analysis, it has been identified that there is a positive relationship between the total
mean and esteem and extraversion and this in turn help to reflect that alternative hypothesis is
accepted over other. Also, it can be stated that there is a moderate association between the
variables and this in turn shows that when self-esteem of an individual changes, there is a direct
impact identified over extraversion and resilience. Thus, it can be stated that these all are related
to mental health of people and if the personality of an individual is not so strong then it cause a
direct impact over the mental and the factor as well.
Introduction
In the real time, psychology researchers, care about looking at factors that might predict
variability in mental health outcomes because most of the people experience a poor mental
health, and study on such factors assist to understand how the problem can be resolved in order
to generate a better outcome and create a better outcome. For the present study, big five
personality trait questions will be asked that derive a better outcome and views of the selected
respondents that helps to understand the relationship between the variables and improve the
results as well. In psychology, there are different factors that affect the mental health which
includes self-esteem, confidence, consciousness and well-being, or narcissism and resilience
(Janssen and et.al., 2018) Therefore, it can be stated that computing variable within an individual
assist to determine the worse psychological state so that proper action can be taken. The aim of
the report is to determine the how the factors affect the mental health of individual by
considering different aspects. With the help of primary research, scholar is also able to collect
the information from the selected respondents and then try to accomplish the aim as well.
Buselli and et.al., (2020) also stated that there is a strong relationship between particular
personality traits with a mental health outcome because if the individual is experiencing any
mental health problems then the chances of high neuroticism associated with the depression and

anxiety . On the other side, a higher extraversion is also linked with less risk of mental health
problem. This in turn shows that from the five personality trait, each of them are linked with
each other in order to reflect how it affect the mental outcome in negative manner. Reardon and
et.al., (2019) critically argued that adverse life events are also strongly associated with future
mental health problems for participants that reflect neurotic personalities. Hence, it reflected that
the set personality are somehow related with each other and that cause a direct impact over the
mental health of person.
For the present study, two hypothesis will be formulated that assist to determine about the
exact results such that:
Hypothesis 1:
Null hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the mean value of self-esteem and
extraversion, resilience
Alternative hypothesis: There is a significant difference between the mean value of self-esteem
and extraversion, resilience
Hypothesis 2:
H0: There is no association between self-esteem, extraversion and resilience.
H1: There is an association between self-esteem, extraversion and resilience.
Methods
Design: The chosen research design for the present is exploratory in which researcher is
determined ideas and insights that helps to gain a deep understanding pertaining to a situation
(Dannels, 2018). Through this methodology, scholar also generate a hypothesis in order to
determine the results and associated within a variable so that effective outcome can be generated
effectively. Further, the exploratory research design also assists to create a better outcome so that
the relationship between the traits can be identified easily that assist to derive best results
effectively.
Participants: In the present research, 143 participants has been selected randomly
without considering their ethnicity that helps to derive better outcome. In accordance with the

descriptive, it is analysed that majority of the selected participants are 36 to 50 and that is why,
they are able to provide better views with regard to the personality traits. However, most of the
selected respondents are White and Caucasian by their ethnicity and this in turn shows that
without any focusing upon ethnicity the participants has chosen for the research (Harris, 2019).
Also, from 143 respondents, 100 of them are female and 40 are males who present their views
regarding the questions asked in questionnaire.
Measures: The questionnaire has designed for the present research in which each
respondents asked to fill the questions on the basis of score used under 5 point Likert scale i.e.
totally disagree = 0, disagree a little = 1, neutral opinion = 2, agree a little = 3, totally agree = 4.
This variables will be measured by using SPSS software in which different inferential test will be
applied which include Regression and Correlation. The reliability of the chosen questionnaire is
derived by using reliability test under SPSS in which more than 0.75 score of Cronbach Alpha
will be consider the best to determine the valid outcome.
Procedures: The sample of the present data will be recruited through simple random
sampling method and the test is conducted for only educational purpose without seeking written
permission (Abutabenjeh and Jaradat, 2018). The data is also collected under Big Five
Personality Trait Short Questionnaire Retrieved from PsycTESTS. doi:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/t36090-000. Therefore, it can be stated that the questions will
provide effective outcome and derive the outcome by using test over it. Also, the questionnaire
sent to all the respondents through their email Id and also the responses will be collected through
the same medium. This in turn help to analyse how the variables will show the relationship with
each other.
Results
Reliability test
As per the appendix 1, it has been analysed that the data of resilience Cronbach statistics,
91% of the data is reliable which is highest whereas Esteem Cronbach data is 89% reliable that
means it provide valid results. Further, Extraversion shows that 59% of the data is reliable and
that is why, the data will provide valid outcome. Overall, it can be stated that all the respondents

provide valid outcome and that is why, it derive a better results in order to meet the defined aim
within a set tenure.
Regression
H0: There is no significant relationship between Resilience, extraversion with self- Esteem.
H1: There is a significant relationship between Resilience, extraversion with self- Esteem.
Interpretation: From appendix 2, it has been identified that there is a significance
difference between the total means value of Resilience, extraversion (independent variable) with
Esteem (dependent) because the value of p (0.001) is lower than 0.05 and that is why, alternative
hypothesis is accepted. Also, there is a moderate relationship identified within a variable and this
in shows that there is a change identified total means of self- Esteem.
Also, in the coefficient table, it has been identified that by VIF that there is a set of
multiple regression variable which in turn shows that there is no correlation between the
predictor and remaining variable because the value is 1.11
Correlation
In accordance with the output table of correlation (appendix 3), it has been identified that
there is moderate relationship between total mean of esteem and extraversion, whereas the
relationship between extraversion and resilience is also moderate that entails that there is a minor
fluctuation identified over the variable. Further, the total mean of Esteem and residual is low
which reflect that there is minor changes identified (Rozgonjuk and et.al., 2021).
Descriptive statistics
The mean of extraversion is 4.39 and there is 0.56% chances that the value might be
fluctuate, further, the total average of esteem is 4.5531 and Resilience is 3.60. Moreover, from
the 143 respondents, 63.9% of them are female and 28% of them are male, whereas 0.7% of
them are non-binary and 1.4% of them are not prefer to answer. Apart from this, majority of the
selected candidate are fall under the category of 18 to 25 and 26 to 35. While, 27.3% of them are
fall in the age of 36 to 50 and 18.9% of them are 50+ but only 2.1% of them do not state
anything. Moreover, from the total respondents, 42 of the participants are Asian British, 1 of

them are Asian/Asian British, White/Caucasian, Mixed or multiple ethnic groups and Black.
Whereas 67 of them are White/Caucasian but 10 of them do no prefer to stay anything. Overall,
it can be stated that different ethnicity of people are selected for the present study in order to
determine their views pertaining to the chosen topic.
Discussion
From the primary research, it has been interpreted that there is a moderate relationship
between all the three variable with each other which in turn shows that individual’s personality is
directly reflected through their characteristic. Therefore, it has been also reflected by regression
output that there is a positive association between the independent and dependent variable and
that is why, it can be stated that resilience is one of the most important subject of positive
psychology and that is why, traditional psychology emphasizes different negative condition
which rise to negative personality (Marengo and et.al., 2020). Thus, with the humanistic point of
view, positive psychology reflect that individual might be able to preserve their mental health
and make adjustment in the disorder. That is why, esteem is dependent upon resilience because it
shows the direct impact over the human mind and this in turn might lead to loneliness as well.
Further self-esteem is mainly regarded as a protective factor for resilience which in turn assist to
help people in order to improve their resilience level so that they can combat from stress level.
Also, self-esteem has a direct relationship with extraversion because it reflect moderate
relationship which entails that if the individual is experience a positive emotion and social
engagement then the chances of self-esteem high which in turn reflected that there is a strong
association between the variables (Oshio and et.al., 2018).
The study limitations pertaining to the chosen topic is time and unavailability of sources
because it affect the results in different manner. Like, the entire research is based upon the
quantitative methodology and that is why, it took enough time in order to meet the defined aim.
Also, it can be stated that it will be minimize by using qualitative study because it does not take
enough time but the results generated by this technique might not be accurate. Further, the
unavailable of sources are also consider the major limitation for the present study because there
are many websites which are access denied and this in turn affect the results in opposite manner.
Thus, to improve the same, key words can be used that help to create a better outcome and avoid
the issue so that it will be beneficial for the further research.

For further research, it is to be suggested that to ask more questions so that it will derive
better outcome from the respondents. Also, the sample size can be reduced by 100 so that
accurate results will be derive in which the number of black participants will be increases so that
their views can be determined in future that helps to identify the relationship between the
variable (Şahin, Karadağ and Tuncer, 2019). The findings generated through the software also
applicable in the real world such that the big five personality traits are mainly used to determine
the person’s most important personality characteristic and the role suited on them. Overall, the
entire study concluded that there is a positive relationship between the independent and
dependent variable and this in turn helps to determine the roles played by the personality by
considering their ethnicity of them.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abutabenjeh, S. and Jaradat, R., 2018. Clarification of research design, research methods, and
research methodology: A guide for public administration researchers and
practitioners. Teaching Public Administration. 36(3). pp.237-258.
Buselli, R. and et.al., 2020. Professional quality of life and mental health outcomes among health
care workers exposed to Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19). International journal of environmental
research and public health. 17(17). p.6180.
Dannels, S.A., 2018. Research design. In The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the
social sciences (pp. 402-416). Routledge.
Harris, D., 2019. Literature review and research design: A guide to effective research practice.
Routledge.
Janssen, M. and et.al., 2018. Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on employees’
mental health: A systematic review. PloS one. 13(1). p.e0191332.
Marengo, D. and et.al., 2020. The association between the Big Five personality traits and
smartphone use disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Addictions. 9(3).
pp.534-550.
Oshio, A. and et.al., 2018. Resilience and Big Five personality traits: A meta-
analysis. Personality and individual differences. 127. pp.54-60.
Reardon, C.L. and et.al., 2019. Mental health in elite athletes: International Olympic Committee
consensus statement (2019). British journal of sports medicine. 53(11). pp.667-699.
Rozgonjuk, D. and et.al., 2021. Individual differences in Fear of Missing Out (FoMO): Age,
gender, and the Big Five personality trait domains, facets, and items. Personality and
Individual Differences. 171. p.110546.
Şahin, F., Karadağ, H. and Tuncer, B., 2019. Big five personality traits, entrepreneurial self-
efficacy and entrepreneurial intention: A configurational approach. International Journal
of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.

APPENDIX
1. Reliability test
Resilience cronbach’s
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
Cronbach's
Alpha Based
on
Standardized
Items N of Items
.918 .920 28
Esteem cronbach’s
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
Cronbach's
Alpha Based
on
Standardized
Items N of Items
.897 .897 10
Extraversion crombach’s
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha
Cronbach's
Alpha Based
on
Standardized
Items N of Items
.568 .596 10
2. Regression

Descriptive Statistics
Mean
Std.
Deviation N
TotalMeansEst 4.5531 .84926 143
MeansExtr 4.3881 .56761 143
TotalMeansRe
s
3.6093 .74305 143
Model Summaryb
Model R
R
Square
Adjusted
R Square
Std. Error
of the
Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change
F
Change df1 df2
Sig. F
Change
1 .643a .413 .405 .65505 .413 49.339 2 140 <.001
a. Predictors: (Constant), TotalMeansRes, MeansExtr
b. Dependent Variable: TotalMeansEst
ANOVAa
Model
Sum of
Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 42.343 2 21.171 49.339 <.001b
Residual 60.073 140 .429
Total 102.416 142
a. Dependent Variable: TotalMeansEst
b. Predictors: (Constant), TotalMeansRes, MeansExtr
Coefficientsa
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
Collinearity
Statistics
B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF
1 (Constant) .805 .442 1.823 .070
MeansExtr .391 .106 .262 3.706 <.001 .841 1.189
TotalMeansRes .563 .081 .492 6.977 <.001 .841 1.189
a. Dependent Variable: TotalMeansEst

Collinearity Diagnosticsa
Model Dimension Eigenvalue
Condition
Index
Variance Proportions
(Constant)
MeansExt
r
TotalMeansR
es
1 1 2.969 1.000 .00 .00 .00
2 .023 11.336 .14 .07 .98
3 .008 19.149 .85 .93 .02
a. Dependent Variable: TotalMeansEst
Casewise Diagnosticsa
Case Number Std. Residual
TotalMeansE
st
Predicted
Value Residual
29 -3.112 1.30 3.3387 -2.03866
33 -3.172 2.70 4.7777 -2.07768
35 -3.270 2.30 4.4418 -2.14181
a. Dependent Variable: TotalMeansEst
Residuals Statisticsa
Minimu
m
Maximu
m Mean
Std.
Deviation N
Predicted Value 2.7764 5.6926 4.5531 .54607 143
Residual -2.14181 1.37049 .00000 .65042 143
Std. Predicted
Value
-3.254 2.087 .000 1.000 143
Std. Residual -3.270 2.092 .000 .993 143
a. Dependent Variable: TotalMeansEst
3. Correlation
Correlations
TotalMeansE
st
MeansExt
r
TotalMeansR
es
Pearson TotalMeansEst 1.000 .458 .597

Correlation MeansExtr .458 1.000 .398
TotalMeansRe
s
.597 .398 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) TotalMeansEst . <.001 <.001
MeansExtr .000 . .000
TotalMeansRe
s
.000 .000 .
N TotalMeansEst 143 143 143
MeansExtr 143 143 143
TotalMeansRe
s
143 143 143
4. Descriptive statistics
Age
Frequency Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 18 to 25 37 25.9 25.9 25.9
26 to 35 37 25.9 25.9 51.7
36 to 50 39 27.3 27.3 79.0
50+ 27 18.9 18.9 97.9
Prefer not to
answer
3 2.1 2.1 100.0
Total 143 100.0 100.0
Ethnicity
Frequency Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Asian/Asian British 42 29.4 29.4 29.4
Asian/Asian British,
White/Caucasian
1 .7 .7 30.1
Black, Black British,
Caribbean or African
7 4.9 4.9 35.0
Black, Black British,
Caribbean or African,
White/Caucasian
1 .7 .7 35.7
Mixed or multiple
ethnic groups
14 9.8 9.8 45.5

Prefer not to say 10 7.0 7.0 52.4
White/Caucasian 67 46.9 46.9 99.3
White/Caucasian,
Mixed or multiple
ethnic groups
1 .7 .7 100.0
Total 143 100.0 100.0
Gender
Frequency Percent
Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Female 100 69.9 69.9 69.9
Male 40 28.0 28.0 97.9
Non-binary 1 .7 .7 98.6
Prefer not to
answer
2 1.4 1.4 100.0
Total 143 100.0 100.0
Descriptive Statistics
N
Minimu
m
Maximu
m Mean
Std.
Deviation
MeansExtr 143 2.70 5.30 4.3881 .56761
TotalMeansEst 143 1.30 6.00 4.5531 .84926
TotalMeansRes 143 1.00 5.00 3.6093 .74305
Valid N
(listwise)
143