Role of BIM in Construction: A Comprehensive Study

This dissertation explores the role of BIM in construction industry, including its benefits, challenges, and implementation strategies. It provides a comprehensive study on the subject matter.

Role of BIM in
Construction

Table of Contents
Table of Contents...........................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................4
Introduction..................................................................................................................................4
Problem statement........................................................................................................................4
Statement of purpose...................................................................................................................4
Research questions.......................................................................................................................5
Overview of methodology...........................................................................................................5
Rationale and significance...........................................................................................................6
Role of researcher........................................................................................................................6
Researcher assumptions...............................................................................................................6
Definition of key terminology.....................................................................................................7
Organization of dissertation.........................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................8
Introduction..................................................................................................................................8
Concept of BIM (Building Information Modeling).....................................................................8
The role of BIM in construction................................................................................................10
Challenges in relation with implementation of BIM in construction........................................13
CHAPTER-3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................16
Introduction................................................................................................................................16
Research type.............................................................................................................................16
Research approach.....................................................................................................................17
Research philosophy..................................................................................................................18
Research Design –.....................................................................................................................20
Data Collection –.......................................................................................................................20

Data Analysis –..........................................................................................................................20
Ethical Consideration –..............................................................................................................21
Reliability and Validity –...........................................................................................................21
Research Limitations –..............................................................................................................22
CHAPTER-4 FINDINGS..............................................................................................................22
CHAPTER-5 DATA ANALYSATION........................................................................................25
The importance of BIM (Building information modelling).......................................................25
BIM sets high rate of standards and supports best practices in construction............................27
Challenges in BIM can be manage with effective strategies.....................................................29
BIM and Resource allocation in construction............................................................................30
BIM is a tool of technology that plays vital role in reducing risk.............................................31
BIM performs ethical concerns within assuring sustainability..................................................32
Chapter 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................34
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................37

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
Introduction
The purpose of the present study is to analyze the role of BIM (Building Information
Modelling) in construction. BIM performs the work of providing virtual knowledge repository
with the help of which it becomes possible to identify collisions within the building systems
(Santos and et.al., 2019). The study is significant as it explores an important concept in
construction work. through early detection of the status of collisions before construction, there is
saving of time as well as the cost of delivering the required performance top building. The study
helped in analyzing the role that BIM plays in construction industry. In this manner, the
dissertation adds to the knowledge and practice regarding the BIM in construction work.
Problem statement
The construction industry has a requirement of using techniques which could assist in
reducing costs and improving productivity as well as quality. Prior to undertaking any
construction work, the architects and experts need to visualize the building in a simulated
environment. This is required to enable them to detect potential issues in the design, construction
and operation. Lack of early detection of potential failures in design and other operational issues
may pose threat of loss of life as well as property (Oraee and et.al., 2021). It may also lead to
incurring heavy costs on correcting the design of the buildings post construction. Furthermore,
the construction industry also faces the problem of decrease in productivity owing to its
fragmented nature and traditional approach to project delivery. These aspects indicate the need to
conduct study exploring the role of BIM in construction industry.
Statement of purpose
The purpose of this research was to determine the extensive role that BIM plays in
construction work. This is related to its role in saving costs and resources and delivering projects
using shorter life-cycle and greater efficiency. Further, the research was conducted with the
purpose of exploring the role BIM plays in modular construction. BIM plays important role in
various aspects of construction (Carvalho, Bragança and Mateus, 2020). Hence, the current study
was undertaken with the purpose of exploring its role in all the aspects concerning construction
as well as in overall construction industry as a whole.
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Research questions
Following are the research questions for the dissertation:
 What is BIM?
 What is the role of BIM in construction sector?
 What are challenges associated with execution of BIM in construction sector?
Overview of methodology
The following methodology is adopted for the study: Research type: This research on role of BIM is of qualitative type. The role of BIM is
explored by studying various theoretical aspects. It assisted in gaining a better
understanding of the subject matter. Research approach: In the present study, inductive approach has been adopted. The
research began with making observations about the role of BIM and sought patterns in
the observations following it, the identified patterns were then theorized to determine the
role that BIM plays in construction industry. Research philosophy: Interpretivism research philosophy has been adopted for the recent
study. This assisted the researcher in making analysis of the subjective experiences
concerning the role of BIM in construction industry. This assisted the researcher in
appreciating the differences in the role that BIM plays in construction work. Data collection: For the present study, data was collected from secondary sources. These
comprised of journals, books, online websites, articles, blogs, government records etc.
Secondary data is helpful in obtaining detailed knowledge and information about the
subject matter. With the help of it, the researcher could study the role of BIM in
construction work, in appropriate detail. It provided ease of access to the researcher and
also helped in saving costs and time.
 Data analysis: Qualitative analysis has been undertaken for the present study. Thematic
technique as used for analyzing the data. The data has been closely examined by the
researcher for identification of common themes. Following this, those ideas and patterns
of meaning were identified which were repeatedly found in the data. Using these themes,
the research has been carried forward to explore the role of BIM in construction work.
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Thematic analysis helped in better interpretation of the secondary data on the chosen
topic, by taking into consideration the various perspectives associated with it.
Rationale and significance
The rationale behind conducting the study was to determine the ways in which
construction work can be improved by analyzing the role of BIM in construction industry. BIM
is new concept which encompasses creating a simulated environment for identifying precise
geometry and relevant data using which construction activities which are required to realize the
building can be visualized (Malacarne and et.al., 2018). This new concept comprises of a number
of benefits for the construction industry and may provide possible solutions for the problems
facing the industry. Therefore, the research is justified as it will help in exploring the role of BIM
in construction.
The significance of the research can be analyzed from the benefits it will provide. It will
provide information about the ways that BIM can be used in construction to reduce costs and
save time. Further, it will inform the practice by adding knowledge to the area of making
efficient quality building projects that meet the standards of safety. This will help in preventing
potential operational, design and building issues and failures (Jacobsson and Merschbrock,
2018).
Role of researcher
The researcher played the central role in conducting the study by formulating the aim and
objectives and deciding the methodology to be adopted for the study. Further, an important role
was also played in analyzing the collected data and deriving conclusion to determine the role of
BIM in construction.
Researcher assumptions
Following are the assumptions made by the researcher:
 Use of qualitative research methods provides detailed subjective content on the topic of
the study.
 The researcher assumed that the secondary sources of data will contain necessary
information based on which reliable and valid conclusion can be drawn.
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 The researcher believed that qualitative methodology is the best suited for conducting
research on the chosen topic
Definition of key terminology
BIM (Building Information Modelling)- BIM is defined as a holistic process which helps in
creation and management of information about construction project during its lifecycle.
Construction projects: These are defined as an organized effort that is made to construct a
structure or building.
Organization of dissertation
Following are the contents of the remaining chapters of the dissertation:
Chapter 2: Literature review- In this chapter, the current study will be situated in the context of
the previous research. Literature pertaining to the topic will be explored along with its critical
synthesis. The review will be carried out in the form of themes.
Chapter 3: Methodology-This chapter will provide details about the methods adopted for
conducting the study and rationale behind using them. The research setting will be described in
this chapter along with description about methods for data collection and analysis. Therefore, the
chapter will provide a detailed description of the various aspects related to design of the study
and procedures adopted for conducting it.
Chapter 4: Findings – In this chapter, the main findings of the study will be reported including
relevant presentation of the qualitative data in the form of themes.
Chapter 5: Analysis and synthesis- This chapter will provide a discussion about the findings in
context of the research question of the study and literature review. Themes and patterns will be
identified and analysis will be done by using those themes. Therefore, the findings of the study
will be thoroughly reflected upon in this chapter to derive implications.
Chapter 6: Conclusion and recommendations- In this chapter, a set of concluding statements and
recommendations will be provided on the basis of the findings.
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CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Literature review in the present study presents the scholarly material available on the
chosen subject matter. The present review provides synthesis of literature on various aspects
related to the chosen topic of role of BIM in construction. The review has been conducted in the
form of themes. The first theme provides an account of literature about concept of BIM. This is
followed by the second theme which comprises of the role of BIM in construction. The third
theme provides an account of previous literature on the challenges associated with
implementation of BIM in construction. The literature search has been conducted by using key
search terms. Various databases have been searched for obtaining relevant literature on the
chosen topic. Recent and updated journal articles have been included in the review.
Concept of BIM (Building Information Modeling)
According to Borrmann and et.al. (2018), BIM is a collaborative approach which is used
for sharing, storing and management of multidisciplinary information that concerns with the life
cycle of a building project. This takes into account the various aspects such as planning, design,
maintenance, demolition, operation etc. The authors emphasize that BIM is a promising concept
and has been found to be one of the most useful developments in fields of engineering,
architecture and construction. The introduction of the concept took place a decade ago with the
sole purpose of distinguishing between traditional 2D modelling and 3D modelling. López and
et.al. (2018) informed that BIM mainly consists of information database technology and 3D
modelling concepts. It also includes an interoperable software which can be used by contractors,
architects and engineers for preparing the design of a facility and creating a simulated
construction.
The study conducted by Matarneh and et.al. (2019) found that with BIM the various
members of a project team are able to generate a virtual model of the building structure in a 3D
format. The model of all the systems of the project structure can be created in 3D format and
information can be shared with each other. It includes various details such as drawings,
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specifications and other construction details which form the important part of the model. It
further includes attributes such as quantity characteristics of building, its geometry, spatial
relationships etc. with the help of these details, the design and construction issues can be
identified by the project team. Following it, these can be resolved at the earlier stage before the
construction phase starts.
Matarneh and Hamed (2017) stated that BIM is a process using which building data is
generated and managed during the lifecycle of the construction project. It makes use of 3D real
time dynamic building software so that productivity can be enhanced in the design and
construction of buildings. BIM technology creates an accurate virtual model of the building
which not only contains the relevant data but also accurate geometry. This provides support to
the various aspects such as fabrication, procurement and construction which are important for
execution of the project. However, Teizer and et.al. (2017) believe that BIM is considered to be
the foundation of digital transformation in the construction as well as engineering industry. This
concept uses an intelligent model which is enabled by a cloud program. Through this, it
facilitates integration of data for digitally representing an asset throughout the various phases of
its life cycle.
But, Ghaffarianhoseini and et.al. (2017) argue that BIM is different from 3D CAD
modeling. Although both these processes are involved in providing geometric expressions of the
buildings as well as infrastructure. But, BIM is not limited to this. It goes one step ahead and
captures metadata, relationships and those behaviors which form an intrinsic component of the
real world building structures. Nawari (2018) explored the various standards that internationally
define the structures and processes of BIM. ISO 16739-1:2018 is concerned with the industry
foundation classes (IFC) for data sharing in the construction industries. Internationally, the BIM
processes are defined by the ISO 19650 series of standards.
According to Borrmann and et.al. (2018), a BIM object contains detailed information that
provides definition about a product. It also contains the geometry which indicates the physical
characteristics of the product. The BIM objects can be of two types, component and layered.
Component objects are those building products which are characterized by presence of a fixed
geometric shape. In contrast to this, layered objectives are those that do have a fixed shape.
These may include components such as roofing, walls and ceilings. Matarneh and et.al. (2019)
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stated that specifications are also an important part of the BIM process. For designing the built
asset requirements need to be specified. This is dependent on the required performance outcome.
Further, it is also necessary to update the specifications throughout the construction phase.
Matarneh and Hamed (2017) explored the concept of BIM dimensions. This can be
considered to be a part of the modelling evolution which comprises of moving from drawing
boards to 2D CAD and then to 3D modelling. The 4D is called as ‘modelling scheduling
information to model construction sequences’. The 5D is the dimension which is concerned with
adding financial cost. 2D BIM comprises of a geometric model that constitutes an X and Y axis.
As compared to this, 3D BIM is the digital geometric model which comprises of X, Y and Z
axis. This model provides more details at different levels. Further, it is also possible to combine
multiple 3D models which could provide useful information about presence of any geometric
clashes.
The role of BIM in construction
As per Ahankoob, Manley and et.al., (2019), the major role of BIM in construction plays
an important role in addressing to the usage of how effectively and in significant manner BIM is
valuable in the construction. One of the major role which BIM addresses in the construction is in
delivering the sustainable building value which is being done by the quality of the performance
displayed by the building to solve the problems which is arising by the consumers, owners,
developers, building users. This is done in the constraints of time and cost displayed for the
project undertaken. To deliver the sustainable building value, there are certain decisions which
are made during the designing of the stages of constructing the building. This designing is done
by choosing the building systems, integrating it with the outdoor conditions and considering the
reliability, durability and flexibility at large scale. The delivery of this value requires effective
and integrated process of delivery process within the construction at large scale.
According to Bosch-Sijtsem and Gluch, (2021), as part of the requirements delivering
sustainable building value within the role of BIM in construction, the performance mandates
occur within the factors of being acceptable and reliable. The major aspects of sustainability
building value in the construction includes smart building systems, fire safety, building structural
stability, resource efficiency, earthquake resistance etc. Lower design and construction costs are
the determinants of building the value within the construction. This helps in addressing as to how
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the role of BIM is performed within construction and this helps in analyzing the aspects of
building and constructing it in the operations of the function as to the design and framework of
the building. By making and framing the designs of the building which proves to be of
sustainable value helps in understanding that the role of BIM in construction is displayed in an
effective and efficient manner.
As denoted by Mordue and Finch, (2019), the second major role which BIM plays in the
construction is that it allows the architects to predict the potential construction hazards and helps
them to prevent the designs which are framed at large scale. This will enable the architects or the
builders to analyze the aspects of considering the positive and negative effects which enable the
designing and framing of the building and removing the hazards on the construction sites so that
the designs can be framed correctly and accurately. The contractors also lead their teams safely
at every step by meeting the regulations and following the steps which enables the construction
process to run smoothly and in effective manner. The designing and framing of the structure of
the building is done with the help of BIM in construction playing its role in an effective and
efficient manner.
According to Lindblad and Guerrero,(2020), therefore, the two main roles which BIM in
construction plays is – delivering the sustainable building value and allowing the architects to
predict the potential construction hazards which is helping them to prevent the designs framed at
large scale. These two major roles help in addressing that how effectively and in appropriate
manner the development of the building is done by designing and reflecting on the growth and
development of the structure framed. This is the major aspects as to how the role of BIM in
construction is displayed. The architects and the contractors are in for the information which
keeps the information and knowledge for how the development of the building and the
construction along with its layout is to be done. This has been a major consideration of keeping
all the details in the final position of having the basis of creating a factor by delivering the role of
BIM in the construction.
Zhang, Chong and et.al., (2022), the role of construction has not only created value for
the basis of BIM but has also evaluated and has significantly drawn the significance of delivering
positive value in this different field of knowledge. The major role is in construction which has
been displayed and is keeping with the knowledge of addressing the basis of designs, layouts
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which are framed before the building when constructed properly and in appropriate manner.
Various hazards are also removed which are becoming the hindrance while construction of the
building. This displays the major role in which all aspects of growth and development in this
field.
As denoted by Nguyen and et.al., (2020), 3D technology and 2D designs helps in
addressing the aspects as to how effectively the projects are framed in such designs are created
for the construction of the building. The project performance of the organization is also
improved by using BIM in construction. The dimensional aspects of the project are being
addressed and are taken into consideration at large scale with the implementation of how the
project outlining and structure is framed at large scale within the construction industry.
Nawaz, Su and Nasir, (2021), BIM in construction plays the major role in establishing
work performance of the construction players at large scale and addresses the aspects of how the
BIM in construction is done and how skillfully the architects, construction players are devising
their roles and standards while working within the construction industry are serving the best
within the structure of implementing the work related performance of construction players. The
performance of the construction players helps in addressing to the aspects of growth and
development within the construction industry and how effectively and in appropriate manner the
changes and modifications within the performance are done. This is the major role of BIM in
construction due to which the performance of construction players is encouraged and they are
motivated to perform better for their roles and achieving certain responsibilities. As depicted by
(), BIM enables the construction project to visualize the construction which is framed virtual at
large scale. This enables the project to be completed within the timeframe which has been
allocated and is devised according to the plan of construction.
Another major role as stated by Jacobsson and Merschbrock, (2018), is that BIM in
construction plays the major role in lowering carbon emissions during construction. This helps in
defining the architects and contractors to analyze exact quantities of building materials which is
required in the project at large scale. There is estimation of the budget which is related to pre bid
and end budget which helps in making reduction in the material waste which can be achieved.
This impacts resources, energy and travel time to obtain building materials which is helping to
lowering down the carbon emission.
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The role of BIM in construction as stated by Alizadeh Salehi and Yitmen, (2018), has
very major role in communication process which enables better communication for the project
which has been undertaken and helps in analyzing the aspects as to how effectively and in
appropriate manner the communication between the partners is made very clear and enables the
aspects of understanding the major responsibilities within the project when it is started. For BIM,
all modifications such as timings, availability of materials and schedules are managed and are
communicated within the structure of having clear communication between the partners and
shareholders which has been addressed and is about to take the completion stage of the project.
Rathnasinghe, Kulatunga and et.al., (2020), Information and data within the BIM in
construction helps in acknowledging the aspects of growth and development which has been
analyzed at large scale. The role of BIM in construction helps in addressing the major points as
to how the changes and modification within the construction industry is done accordingly. Easy
access to cloud services for the construction industry helps in addressing that how effectively and
in appropriate manner the information is gathered and the plans are devised within the project to
be undertaken at large scale. Therefore, these are the major roles which BIM displays within
construction industry and helps in addressing how effectively the details and information is
gathered. The significance of BIM in construction plays major role in devising how the projects
are undertaken are creating value for the purpose of significant delivery of project.
Challenges in relation with implementation of BIM in construction
According to Hasan and Rasheed, (2019), there are major challenges while
implementation of BIM in construction which helps in providing the aspects as to what are the
challenges which are being faced. Some major challenges which the BIM in construction faces
are – Lack of expertise, lack of awareness, resistance to change, lack of cooperation between
shareholders, cost effectiveness for projects which are small in the construction of the BIM.
These are some of the major challenges which are faced while implementation of BIM in
construction. Due to lack of expertise the building of the construction through BIM is done
properly and the contractors or architects may find it difficult to attain the position of how the
construction is done.
As per Moses, Heesom and et.al., (2020), the next major challenge while implementing
BIM in construction is cost effectiveness for projects which are managed and maintained for the
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small projects creates difficulties which creates difficulties in the BIM in construction. This is
how the challenges are faced in knowing the aspects of BIM in construction. Also, lack of
cooperation between the shareholders becomes a challenge while implementing the BIM in
construction. The major problems are faced and the value of the project which has been
undertaken is disturbed when the challenges occur in the construction of the building. Moreover,
this is how the challenge is being drawn upon and how effectively the implementation should be
done so that there are no difficulties and problems which are being faced when BIM in
construction is analyzed and evaluated. Therefore, this is the best analysis that the company is
able to effectively analyze and create value for coping up with the challenges and creating
effective analysis within the structure of building the project. The challenges should be faced in
an appropriate manner.
As denoted by Umar, (2021), the legal issues in implementation of BIM in construction
also becomes one of the major challenge which creates problems in the issuing and agreement
which is made by the clients. There is incompatibility of procurement systems with BIM. There
is liability of project participants which arises due to the error in design, misuse or error in the
data, risk allocation in the transferring of the data becomes the major issue within the legal
system. And within the legal issues the major challenge while implementation in BIM in
construction helps in addressing that there may be copyright and insurance on the reliance issues
which are addressed and are considered at large scale. When these issues are addressed within
the system of how negatively and in challenging manner BIM in construction is affected, there
are aspects which are created and are addressed at large scale. These are some legal issues which
creates disturbance while implementation of BIM in construction.
As per Abd Jamil and Fathi, (2018), BIM requires number of parties for example
architects, contractors, engineers and supply chain members which makes the problem of how
the implementation of BIM in construction is done. The training of staff members and the
business developers are in the stage of how there are negative effects which are being created
and this is the major reason as to how the architects, contractors are involved in the aspects of
growth and development to be done. Training of staff becomes the major challenge while
building of the project as more number of expertise are required during the period of the project
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being undergoing but due to lack of knowledge and understanding of the project there are less
number of individuals which are to be engaged within the project.
Alazmeh, Underwood and Coates, (2018), states that modelling of the software for the
project of BIM in construction becomes the major challenge as the construction or changes
requires substantial investment in the software with powerful PC and huge data amount which is
to be used and analyzed at large scale. This is the major challenge which is being faced by the
construction industry. There are also aspects as to how this challenge can be removed and
smoothly the BIM in construction industry becomes the most effective and efficient process
which is being undertaken. The huge amount of data which is required in the aspect of BIM in
construction for collecting the details is understandable but when there are certain challenges
which are faced by the construction industry, it makes the aspects of growth and development
more in the difficult manner and is them not solved at large scale.
Shirowzhan, Sepasgozar and et.al., (2020), denotes that incompatibility with partners
becomes challenging in the BIM in construction and this creates conflicts and problems between
the partners and the individuals who are involved in the BIM project to be completed effectively
and in scalable manner. The incompatibility and issues which are not between the partners
affects the project and creates disturbances in the relationships of the individuals. This is how
there are difficulties which are denoted and are creating the aspects of difficulties in the manner
as to how different changes and modifications are done in manner to address and solve the issues
and challenges faced within BIM in construction.
According to Ayman, Alwan and et.al., (2020), the next major challenge which the BIM
in construction faces is lack of experts in the field of BIM in construction. This makes the project
on going and processing difficult within the system of how the project is to be undertaken. While
constructing the BIM there are negative aspects which are being addressed and this is how the
changes and modifications are analyzed at large scale.
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CHAPTER-3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
The research methodology of the present study is concerned with the appropriate form of
research that has been adopted for conducting the research. The specific reason behind selecting
the research methods has been highlighted. Major attributes that are highlighted under this are,
Research type, research approach, research philosophy, research design, data collection, data
sampling and data analysis. The research type is concerned with the procedure of performing the
research. Research approach determined the systematic approaches of research, Research
philosophy is based on the beliefs that has been put by researcher while conducting research.
Furthermore, data collection describes the procedure of gathering facts and figures in order to
reveal the outcomes of research. Lastly, the data analysis determines the interpretation of the
collected data so, the outcomes can be review.
Research type
Research type refers to the systematic procedure of gathering facts and figures in order to
conduct the research. It is an important attribute in terms of conducting the research. Also, it has
been considered as the first step of starting the research process as the data has been collected
under this. In order to reveal the research outcomes it is highly important to collect facts and
figures that helps in revealing the results. The major source of gathering the facts has been
deprived within selecting research type. Therefore, it is important to select the appropriate
research type that can assure effective result at the hand. Mainly, the research type has been
considered of two types and that is qualitative and quantitative research type. The qualitative
research type refers to the gathering of textual data. The facts that has been gathered under
qualitative type is deprived from theories. In involves deep understanding of the data that has
been gathered. Often, the relevancy of the data is higher under this as the gathered data is in the
form of theories (Weaver-Hightower, 2018). Also, it enables researcher to seek the depth of the
research. The textual or theoretical data reveals opinion in relation of the research topic
therefore, it creates the better understanding for the researcher. The only thing that is needed to
assure a keen focus while collecting the data is concerned with collection of data from the
original sources.
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On the other hand, quantitative research type is aligned with the collection of data in
numerical terms. The statistical figure has been revealed in context of this research type. Thus,
this research type is not aligned with making any opinion within collecting the data as it is
concerned with acquiring numerical figures. The data that has been collected in this clearly
shows the numbers that reveals the outcomes of the research. The advantage of quantitative type
is that, it is highly easy to understand as only the numerical terms needs to be seen in terms of
reveling outcomes. However, the major disadvantage of this research is concerned with the
errors in writing down the figures. If the figures that has been written wrong then, it provides the
direct impact over the outcomes of the research. Wrong interpretation will be revealed in the
research. As per the suitability of current research the researcher has used the qualitative type of
research in terms of collecting data. The facts have been gathered in terms of textual and
theoretical form. The major reason behind using the qualitative type of data is that, it assures
higher relevancy in the context of research topic. Furthermore, this is enabling researcher to seek
the depth of research as the data that has been gathered under this is aligned of opinions that
enables to know the pros and cons of a particular topic and helps in stating the points that reveals
final outcomes. Therefore, the researcher is using the qualitative research type so, the higher
relevancy can be assured in the outcomes and the results generate higher efficiency.
Research approach
Research approach has been considered as the concept that divides the whole procedure
of research in different steps in order to perform the research steps in effective manner. As
conducting the research involves numerous steps that is aligned with the numerous parameters
therefore, it is highly important to arrange all those parameters in systematic manner so, the
effective outcomes can be produce. In case, the research approach has not been performed within
conducting the research then, it provides direct impact over the final outcomes of the research
therefore, systematic research approach is needed to be adopted so, all the steps can be reviewed
in proper manner. The research approach is mainly of three types and those are, Inductive,
Deductive and Abductive. The inductive research approach refers to that approach that is
comprises-of collecting the data that is related to the interest of the topic. Mainly, the new theory
has been developed under inductive approach. This approach enable researcher to make a deep
observation over the research topic and on the basis of that, new theories has been revealed.
Furthermore, the development of new theory enables researcher to identify the procedure of
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research in context of new theories. Whereas, the deductive approach is based on the establishing
of research process on the basis of the existing theory. It does not provide chance to researcher in
terms of examining the research from all parameters. Often, there is no development of new
theories has been take place. Thus, in this approach the research has been carries out within
studying existing theories and the observation has been made and limited outcomes has been
revealed.
Deductive approach is based on the scientific investigation that deprived-from the
existing theory. It is important to evaluating the research from all aspects. Deductive approach
does not assure this opportunity in context of conducting research. The Abductive research
approach stats with the creation of puzzles and then, the research procedure explains the major
concept that has been highlighted in the puzzles. The major limitation of this approach is that it
does not provide opportunity for using divergent thinking to the researcher in terms of revealing
the outcomes of the research. For this research, the researcher has adopted the Inductive research
approach as this approach assuring the room of opportunities to analyst in order to develop new
theories that can help in revealing the final outcomes. Furthermore, this approach is assuring the
numerous benefits to the research study. This approach allow flexibility to the researcher in
terms of carrying out the procedure of research. Thus, the changes can be easily adopted and
applied. The major benefit of this theory is entitled with the development of new and fresh
theories that can be used in making assumption regarding future in context of research topic.
Thus, within using inductive research approach under this research, the analyst has become able
in relation of generating new theories that in increasing the scope of research. Furthermore, it is
helping in interpreting the final outcomes in effective manner that reveals new concept in
relation of research topic.
Research philosophy
Research philosophy has been determined as the faith and belief of the people living in
society in relation of the research topic. It has been considered as the one of the most important
attribute as it involves the thoughts and opinion of individuals in context of research topic. The
research philosophy makes able analyst in terms of understanding the thought process of the
people and then, on the basis of that final opinion has been made that helps in revealing final
outcomes. It helps in developing the major ideas that are related to enhancing the outcomes of
research. The research philosophies have been mainly parted into three parts and those are,
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Interpretivism, positivism and realism. Interpretivism philosophy refers to the that philosophy
that is concerned with the belief that social world can be understand on the basis of the
subjective manner. Every individual is consisting of different opinion in society. Interpretivism
approach helps in gathering the information of research within understanding the faiths and
beliefs of the people living in society. This philosophy is aligned with understanding the values
of people in relation of the research topic. It is important to understand the values and belief of
the people as helps in shaping the final outcomes. The results that is concerned with the values
and beliefs of the people in context of research topic assures higher effectiveness. Positivism
philosophy deprives from the scientific faith and beliefs, this philosophy is concerned with the
motive of understanding the scientific opinion and comes over the final decision (Hales, 2021). It
provides limited scope in terms of understanding the opinion of the society. The analysis under
this philosophy are highly unrealistic and based on the scientific approach. No changes can be
made over this. Thus, Positivism philosophy creates limited scope for researcher.
Realism philosophy is concerned with the realistic facts in relation of the research topic.
This philosophy does not provide space in terms of understanding the values and opinion of the
people. The society in consist of numerous people that are consists of large number of thoughts.
Realism philosophy is based on the one-time decision that has been made and consider that
decision or opinion as realistic. However, it is important to identify the different opinion of the
people that are living in the society as this helps in reviewing their faith and belief with respect
of research topic. In this research, the researcher has adopted the Interpretivism philosophy as
this philosophy assures the truth in relation of the research topic. Furthermore, numerous
opinions that are concerned with the faith and beliefs of the people has been analyzed in this.
Moreover, it has been used when the qualitative data has been collected and in this research the
data has been gathered in qualitative form. Therefore, Interpretivism philosophy has been
adopted in this research. This is enabling researcher to provide keen focus over subjective
elements that reveals the higher accuracy in regards of the research topic. Thus, Interpretivism
philosophy has been adopted in order to conduct present research study.
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Research Design –
Research design is defined as the overall strategy which is utilized by carrying out the
research by a logical plan for the research questions through the interpretation, analysis,
collection and discussion of data. There are three types of research design which are mentioned
as – exploratory, descriptive and case study. The research designs are explained in the manner
which helps in addressing the research to be conducted in a more appropriate and effective
manner. The exploratory research is defined as research which is used to investigate a problem
which is not clearly defined (Dannels, 2018). It is the method which is used to investigate
research problems which are not clearly understood for making the research more appropriate in
identifying the results. The researcher has used exploratory research design which helps in
addressing the answer to the problems in such manner that the problem is being identified in
effective manner. The exploratory research is chosen by the researcher as it has lot of flexibility
and can adapt to the changes which are made within the research by making it more significant.
Data Collection –
The data collection is the process of gathering and measuring the information which
enables answers to the relevant questions and helps in evaluating the outcomes. There are two
types of data collection method which are described as – Primary and Secondary data collection
methods. The primary data collection method is defined as the process of collecting the
information which the help of surveys, experiments or interviews (Clark and Vealé, 2018).
Primary data is the first hand data which is being collected and is addressed as how effectively
the data is collected. The secondary data is the data which is collected through primary sources
and is made available through the researchers to use for their own research. The researcher
follows secondary data for the research being undertaken as it helps in saving the time while
conducting the research. The research helps to make the data collection process more specific
and with the help of secondary data the gaps and deficiencies are covered and are solved. This is
the information which needs to be collected in an effective and efficient manner with the help of
secondary data.
Data Analysis –
Data analysis is defined as process which is applied for the systematically applying the
logical techniques to evaluate and illustrate the data in an effective and efficient manner. The
data analysis is done under the thematic analysis by framing of themes relevant for the topic
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which is construction sector and the role of BIM helping in the research. The themes which are
framed helps in addressing to the data which is analyzed at large scale. The researcher follows
the thematic analysis which helps in knowing how the interpretation of the themes is supported
by data. It is the quickest and easy method to learn when the information through the data is
made available (Mihas, 2019). The qualitative analysis has been undertaken for the research
study which is helpful in addressing the aspects as to how effectively and in appropriate manner
the research is being undertaken. Therefore, data analysis has been addressed as important
aspects within the research in an appropriate manner at large scale. This is known as how
effectively the data analysis has been undertaken.
Ethical Consideration –
This is a significant part of the research which has been undertaken and is related to the
ethics. It is very important for the research to be ethical, viable and reliable. The research
undertaken has been done by filling the consent form from the respondents. Further, inclusion of
references helps in giving credit to the other scholars and ensures that the data is not copied and
is paraphrased. The research also considers that the data does not discloses the information to the
respondents and maintains the privacy (Frederickson and Walling, 2019). It has been observed
that the ethical consideration is an important aspect which has been addressed within the research
in an appropriate manner. The ethical consideration helps in addressing the aspects which are
important within the research and are keeping the aspect of how effectively the ethical terms has
been followed within the research. The ethical considerations have been helpful throughout the
research to be followed such that all major concerns of conducting of research have been
addressed at large scale.
Reliability and Validity –
The research has been proven to be valid and reliable. There has been usage of latest data
sources which has been complying the aspects as to how effectively and in appropriate manner
the research is prepared and undertaken in an appropriate manner. It has been also ensured that
the data has been taken from the copyright protected sources in an effective and proper manner
while conduction of the research (Andrade, 2018). The latest articles for the topic BIM in
construction has been taken in a significant manner. It is an important part of the research that
the research has been prepared and is undertaken with more reliability and validity in an
appropriate manner. Therefore, the research has been framed to be more reliable and valid so that
21

there are no copyright issues which the research might face. The research has been conducted
more appropriately such that there are no issues which might be addressed to how the research
can be framed in an effective and efficient manner.
Research Limitations –
This an important aspect in the whole research and this has helped in addressing that how
effectively and in appropriate manner the limitations within the research have been identified.
The research limitations have been identified in an appropriate manner by knowing that time,
resources and money have been the key major aspects for limitations which have been addressed
and are taken into consideration within the research (Theofanidis and Fountouki, 2018). The
limitations have been occurring within the research regarding the time constraints due to
inclusion of less respondents. It has been also observed that there was less availability of
resource from where the data and information has been gathered and interpreted for the research.
The money limitations have also been addressed at large scale. This helps in knowing that
research limitation shave been helping to analyze and address the aspects of research being
conducted at large scale.
CHAPTER-4 FINDINGS
The major findings of the research associated with the below explained themes:
Theme1: BIM is highly important for assuring effective contribution in construction industry
The major outcomes of the research revealed that, BIM is just not limited to focusing
over the designs in context of performing construction activities. However, BIM is highly wider
in terms that focuses on over-all attributes of the construction industry. Planning, cost-saving,
skills-enhancing, risk mitigation and so on attributes has been managed under the BIM. Thus, it
clearly depicts that, within assuring contribution in important aspects, BIM has become the most
important element in terms of assuring higher contribution in construction sector. Furthermore,
the results have shown that, BIM helps in managing the day to day records that helps in
maintaining the data on regular basis. When the data has been managed on regular basis then, it
leads to create the effective record-keeping system (Ingram, 2020). An effective record-keeping
system is highly mandatory in terms of delivering potential output. However, when the data has
not been managed in effective manner then, it leads to create number of complexities. Thus, BIM
is assuring its contribution in all parameters that are mandatory in construction sector. Thus, in
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this manner, the effectiveness and deliverables of the project can be ensured in higher terms that
creates higher success rate for construction industry.
Theme2: BIM is the standard framework of success
BIM is directly linked with the success in construction industry. Often, it has been
determined as the standard framework of success in construction. It has often considered as the
critical success factor in construction. The success rate of the project is determined with its
effectiveness and the effectiveness of project is aligned with the focus and dedication that has
been made over each attribute of project. Thus, BIM enables contractors to provides a keen focus
over specific parameters and when all factors has been critically identified and managed then, it
creates direct impact over the success rate. Thus, in similar manner, BIM is associated with the
potential of determining success in construction. BIM creates the understanding in users in
context of having clear information regarding the materials, systems and physical structure.
Thus, this sets the standards in terms of performing the task. Often, it creates mandatory
framework that develops effective understanding in relation of 3D elements that clear the vision
and mission of the project. Furthermore, quality assurance has been ensured by the BIM in
construction. Thus, the quality directly indicates the standards. Thus, in this manner BIM sets
higher standards rate for performing task.
Theme3: Challenges in BIM can be easily managed with implementation of efficient strategies
The outcomes of the research evaluated that, challenges tin BIM that act as a barrier can
be easily managed with the implementation of effective practices. The major focus needs to be
assure over the experience of the client as it provides idea about the structure that has to be made
within using BIM. On the basis of that, final practices should be performed. Furthermore, at the
time of implementing BIM the work needs to be carried out in slow manner as creating rush can
impact the whole process and creates difficulties in managing situations and hurdles. Analytical
tools can be used as effective tools that helps in analyzing potential risk at the site. Thus, the
challenges in BIM can be easily managed within implantation of pre-planned strategies. Also,
expert needs to be appointed as they have higher knowledge in terms of solving the issues that
are arriving in the implementation of BIM. Thus, challenges in implementation of BIM works as
a barrier however, it does not completely hinder the success rate of the project. The barriers and
challenges can be easily managed with selecting the appropriate strategies.
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Theme4: BIM supports the physical, financial and human resources in construction
Architectures and contractors uses BIM in construction as it helps in creating the
effective base in context of performing project activities. Findings of research revealed that, BIM
helps in selecting the physical resources within creating structure in digitalized mode. Major
physical resources that are required for the project has been planned with the help of BIM. On
the basis of that, the physical resources have been finalized at the sites. Furthermore, Financial
resources has also been determined with the help of BIM (Nguyen, Dung and Hanh, 2021). The
cost has been assumed within considering the structures and physical resources that has been
finalized in the project. Moreover, BIM creates effective team collaboration among the members
that are working on site. Thus, BIM supports human resource in construction as well.
Coordination and communication among team members has been improved with the help of
BIM.
Theme5: BIM mitigates risk
The outcomes revealed that, BIM leads to mitigate risk. As the planning regarding the
physical injuries that can be faced by the workers at site has been pre-noticed. On the basis of
that, the risk strategies have been prepared that assures effective contribution in management of
risk at site (Erpay and Sertyesilisik, 2021). Thus, BIM performs fundamental priority in context
of saving human force at the site. Moreover, the project related risk has also been solved by
BIM. The planning clears vision in minds what needs to be done and what should not.
Theme6: BIM supports sustainability and asset management
BIM helps in preparing virtual building models before the implementation of actual
practices. Thus, the documents and construction process has been designed with the help of BIM.
Therefore, the environmental aspects can be taken in consideration before starting of the actual
project. BIM enables in making visualization in relation of project. Therefore, using such
materials or sources that makes drastic impact over environment has been easily identified with
the help of BIM. BIM promotes the knowledge assessment and it further leads to maintain the
concept of sustainability and asset management. Thus, along with assuring success rate in project
the ethical aspects have also been covered by BIM.
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Thus, the above major findings are clearly stating that, BIM is construction plays major role in
terms of performing the major parameters. BIM is aligned with focusing over all resources in
equal manner and enhances the capability of work in construction. Thus, within involving BIM
in construction higher standards can be set and managed as well.
CHAPTER-5 DATA ANALYSATION
INTRODUCTION- The data analyzation of the present study is associated with the
interpretation of the secondary data. The data has been reviewed from various secondary sources.
The data that has been gathered from secondary sources enables in analyzing the numerous
opinions of authors in context of research study. Thus, in order to generate the effective
outcomes of present study data has been reviewed from secondary sources and qualitative
analyzation of gathered information has been performed. As the qualitative analyzation ensures
higher reliability and relevancy in relation of research topic. Furthermore, it assures less errors
and helps in generating effective outcomes that delivers accurate findings.
The importance of BIM (Building information modelling)
It has been reviewed from the sources that, BIM plays vital role in implementation of the
effective planning, designing and constructing data in well-defined manner. It creates the
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standard framework in terms of performing the task and assures effective results at the end of
construction project. The major benefit of BIM is associated with its multi-disciplinary approach.
Also, it helps in making effective collaboration (Hasan and Rasheed, 2019). However, the
effective rate of performing activities in context of BIM states the rate of effective onsite
collaboration. Implementation of BIM creates effective opportunities in terms of experiencing
cost savings over the project. Furthermore, it helps in making effective decisions. Moreover, the
most sustainable option can be adopted with the help of BIM. It has been found from various
studies that, BIM has been proven effective enough in terms of improving the onsite
coordination and communication. Thus, onsite effective communication among the member
provides assurance of effective deliverables of the project in construction. Also, the cost that has
been determined in the project is based on the models that has been selected for the project.
Thus, the major benefits of BIM concerned with the increasing the coordination on the site along
with assuring cost-effectiveness (Manzoor and Othman, 2021). The productivity plays vital role
as it determines the effectiveness of the construction project. The assurance of higher
productivity has been given by the BIM. Within using BIM, the entire project can be easily
planned and visualized before starting of the actual project.
Thus, it creates effective base in context of starting and implementing actual project. The
3D visualization has been performed with the help of BIM and this creates the clear structure for
the clients as well. The scenario of preconstruction has been highly supported with the help of
BIM. The studies have evaluated that, clash that begins before the construction can be easily
resolved with the help of BIM (Siebelink, Voordijk and Adriaanse, 2018). Automated clash
detection feature of BIM enables contractors and engineers in terms of solving the clashes that
can act as a barrier in the construction process. Thus, here it has been clearly depicts that, BIM is
the backbone of construction. The effectiveness of project is aligned with BIM. It assures
opportunities in order to make plans before the actual practices takes place. Also, the dynamics
that arrived frequently can be managed with the help of BIM. Thus, BIM helps in managing
uncertainties as well.
Further research evaluation have shown that, safety is one of the fundamental priority at
the sites as it is associated with the lives of the workers who are working at the site. BIM plays
mandatory role in terms of improving construction safety at the site. Within pinpointing the
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major hazards the physical risk towards the workers can be easily reduced. Also, the precautions
have been determined that helps in reducing the physical risk. The visualization of the risk has
been done with the help of BIM and then, planning has been performed so, the risk can be
managed. Thus, the BIM has been proven highly efficient from all aspects whether it is about
planning the activities at the site or ensuring safety to workers (Adhikari, Meadati and Baek,
2020). Furthermore, the effective focus has been assured over the environmental aspects with the
help of BIM. Moreover, it helps in increasing the efficiency of communication at the site. Thus,
BIM focuses on all attributes and ensures effective results. Therefore, it has been proven highly
important in construction as it is aligned with the effective technologies that leads to ensure
efficiency in the project. Also, the records can be easily managed with the help of BIM.
BIM sets high rate of standards and supports best practices in construction
BIM is a standard set that offers the platform in terms of presenting digital representation
of the physical along with the functional features of a facility. Studies have evaluated that, BIM
creates the standard format in construction industry that helps in performing the task within
maintaining standard format. Also, the quality assurance in the making of building has been
provided by the BIM. Thus, the set standards of BIM initiates the best practices and it further
helps in delivering potential outputs. The 3D model creates establish high set of standards that
derives from the working pattern of construction. As a result, at the time of performing actual
procedure the standards has been taken in consideration and the practice has been performed.
Thus, BIM creates opportunities in terms of assuring higher standards in the projects (Carvalho,
Bragança and Mateus, 2021). If the quality of the project has not been maintained then, there is
no sense of delivering the final output. In construction industry major element of BIM is aligned
with managing standards and using the high standards in actual practices. Thus, it supports in
implementing and supporting effective practices in construction. It has been found from various
studies that, in BIM there are mainly four levels that has assures the contribution in setting high
standards for project. BIM level 0 is associated with presenting the information in relation of
building modelling. However, at this stage the information that has been presented is concerned
with the initial level and no coordination among the parties has been made at this stage. The
paperwork has been done at this level and initial drawings related to building model has been
prepared and idea has been gathered.
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In BIM Level 1 the data has been changed into a specific form of structure. Here at this
level the structure related to building modelling has been made in 3D visuals. However, at this
stage also no collaboration or coordination has been made among the parties. BIM Level 2
performs the fundamental elements of starting the project. Under this level, the planning,
designing and construction cycle has been prepared and coordination among the parties has been
made. At this level, the data has been shared, gathered and stored within using the single source
of data. Here, mainly the asset management is performed with the help of knowledge
management (Olawumi and Chan, 2019). The data has been prepared has used whenever there is
requirement. BIM Level 3, the meetings and collaboration with the clients and stakeholders has
been done and the gathered data is discussed with them and then the practices has been started.
Thus, BIM creates the set of standards in different level that helps in performing and planning
task in steps. Also, BIM acts as support system in performing final practices. Furthermore, it
helps in setting standards with help of designing structural system of the building also, the
related elements such as, electricity, roof structure, site work, plumbing and so on elements has
been managed with the help of BIM.
Implementation of planning within using BIM indicates the capital requirement for the
project. In such manner, from initial stage the budget requirement has been cleared. As a result,
no complexities has been faced while performing actual practices. The site conditions has been
determined with the help of BIM. The requirements of the site depend upon the size of project.
Thus, BIM helps in maintaining the condition of site as well. The major practices need to be
performed over sites therefore, it is highly important to focus over the requirements of sites as
well. It has been found from various studies that, BIM performs important role in team
collaboration at the site (Arashpour and Wakefield, 2020). Team management has been
considered as one of the most important aspect in terms of managing the standards also, it helps
in assuring the effective practices. When the work has been carried out within managing
effective team collaboration then, it provides assurance of success rate in work. Thus, BIM helps
in managing effective interaction among the workers, contractors and sub-contractors. As a
result, effective flow of information takes place among them and the errors has been identified in
fast manner. Thus, BIM sets high standards furthermore, helps in managing the standards.
Moreover, act as a support system in implementation of best and effective practices.
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Challenges in BIM can be manage with effective strategies
There are large number of challenges has been faced in the implementation of BIM. These
challenges are concerned with lack of expertise, dynamics at site, lack of cooperation among the
stakeholders and lack of awareness in relation of using BIM. Thus, there is no doubt that, BIM is
associated with the major challenges that may act as barrier in implementation of BIM. Often,
this challenges can impact the final deliverables of the project. BIM act as a support system in
construction industry. Therefore, challenges in BIM can impact the procedure pf work. Lack of
expertise refers to that challenge in which the members who handles concept of BIM are
concerned with lack of knowledge (Tchouanguem Djuedja and et.al., 2019). In such situation,
the implementation of BIM does not perform in productive manner and it impacts the practices
of construction. in order to resolve this challenge, the experts needs to be appoint so, the
implementation can be done in effective manner. Numerous changes have been take place at the
site and this provide influence over the decision and the planning that has been made at initial
stage within using BIM. This can impact over-all working procedure. Therefore, it is highly
important that, while making planning, the assumptions and premises has to be develop for
future as well. In case, the changes take place then, the pre-planned strategies help in facing
challenges. Thus, the issues that comes in the implementation of BIM can be easily solve with
the help of making effective plans at initial stage.
It has been found from, various studies that, lack of awareness is relation of using BIM
impacts the working procedure at site in negative manner. In order to ensure higher effectiveness
in work it is highly important that, complete knowledge in relation of using and implementing
BIM is needed. Therefore, the proper knowledge needs to be acquired and afterwards the
implementation has to be performed. So, the issues cannot be derived at the time of establishing
the practices. Furthermore, the discussion needs to made with the client in relation of the
structures that has been visualized (Kamel and Memari, 2019). It helps in having idea related to
the satisfaction level of client and on the basis of that further activities can be implemented. Lack
of cooperation among the stakeholders directly impacts the practices at the sites. Therefore, it is
highly important that, meetings needs to be session and each information and piece of data that
has been gathered within using BIM has to be share with the stakeholders. Also, the coordination
and cooperation among stakeholder needs to be maintained. The challenges in BIM needs to be
manage within making effective strategies at starting. Thus, this results in solving the issues that
29

are coming in the implementation of BIM. However, if the focus has not been assured from
initial stage then, it leads to impact the over-all working procedure. On the other hand, if the
focus have been ensured through initial stage then, it leads to create the base in relation of
solving issues.
BIM and Resource allocation in construction
BIM is directly linked with the resource allocation in construction industry, whether the
resources are human, financial of physical. BIM plays vital role in allocation of resources in
effective manner. Without allocating resources it is hard to perform practices in construction.
Therefore, BIM performs mandatory role in resource allocation. The physical resources at the
site has been allocated with the help of making structure within using BIM. On the basis of that,
the idea in relation of capital management has been gained. Thus, BIM helps in allocation of
financial resource along with physical resource. The visualization in relation of building model
has been made with the help of BIM and then, whatever physical resources that are required in
order to perform function has been pre-planned. Thus, the pre-planning related to the allocation
of physical resources clears scenario in mind (Piroozfar and et.al., 2019). Also, the contractors
can easily set budget plan that is aligned with performance of task. Financial resources play
crucial role in terms of determining the success rate of project. In order to arrange finance it is
important to have knowledge in relation of the areas and the rate of cost that is required. Thus,
BIM clears this confusion in mind and helps in making plans in relation of allocating finance for
performing actual practices. Thus, BIM has been proven effective in terms of analyzing the
budget requirement in making of building and on the basis of the evaluation the plan has been
established. Thus, the physical and financial resources can be arranged in effective manner
within implementation of BIM.
Human resource refers to the set of humans that has been acquired in terms of performing
task at the site. BIM contributes effective focus over management of the human resource as well.
BIM implementation assures effective cooperation and coordination among stakeholders and
members. When the effective cooperation has been ensured then, it provides the assurance of
potential results. Thus, along with managing physical and financial resource BIM focuses over
management of human resource as well. Also, the safety measures towards the workers at the
site has been performed with the help of BIM. Thus, BIM enables in managing the safety of
30

humans as well at the site. The major hazards that can assure harm to the workers has been
identified within pointing them with the help of BIM. Afterwards, the measures has been taken
in relation of the harms of risk that can cause physical harm to the workers at the site. Also, BIM
helps in determining the precautions that helps in creating safe environment at the workplace. It
clearly states that, BIM helps in assuring safety to the workers at site (Osorio-Sandoval, 2021).
Hence, the human safety at the site has been performed with the help of BIM. Thus, allocation of
physical, financial, human resources has been easily managed with the implementation of BIM.
BIM performs effective contribution in context of resource allocation. Thus, it creates supportive
base in terms of performing construction activities in effective manner.
BIM is a tool of technology that plays vital role in reducing risk
Technology has been determined as one of the most crucial element in all sectors,
technology makes the work procedure easy in every field. In similar manner, findings revealed
that, BIM is that tool of technology in construction that manages all complexities and ensures
higher effectiveness. If BIM has not been used then, most of the project remains incomplete and
it further affects work procedure of the industry. Thus, BIM has been determined as the
mandatory tool of technology. Mainly, exchange of information has been done within
implementing BIM. Information that has been exchange with the help of BIM sets the base for
making and developing major plans that can assure success in the projects. Furthermore, the
effective communication has been established with the help of BIM. Communication plays
crucial role in determining the success rate of project (Stransky and Dlask, 2018). Therefore, it is
highly important that, communication must be done in effective manner that provides assurance
of success. Thus, BIM provides the technological platform on which effective communication
among the members at site can take place. Thus, the results states that, BIM is the tool of
technology that helps in performing mandatory parameters related to performing communication
and managing activities.
The Outcomes have shown that, BIM helps in reducing the risk often, it leads to mitigate
the risk as well. Most of the companies have adopted the concept of BIM and this has resulted in
assuring them effective success. The BIM initiate the close coordination with the contractors that
provides the assurance of reducing the tender risk (Mellado and Lou, 2020). Also, the it reduces
31

the insurance cost. The better overview of the project can be generated with the help of BIM. It
has been defined as the construction technology that helps in implementation of effective
technology in the construction. As technology has become highly important in all areas and
when it comes to construction. It plays crucial role in delivering effective outcomes. Thus, BIM
has been proven highly effective in terms of involving technology in construction. The
construction scheduling setbacks has been improved with the help of BIM. The major
documentation that are required can be manage within using BIM. Thus, it often helps in
managing the records as well. The new information can be easily included in the documents and
the records can be easily managed with the help of BIM. On the basis of available information,
the task and activities has been scheduled in relation of project. Hence, scheduling construction
activities at the site is often based on BIM (Noor and Yi, 2018). The data that has been gathered
in BIM is used for generating the drawings, designs and database in context of manufacturing
purpose. The proper planning with the help of in relation of manufacturing process leads to
develop the effective opportunities in terms of maintaining the environmental aspects as well.
The strategies related to the elimination of waste and using the renewable form of energy can be
implemented with the help of BIM. Thus, it helps in taking environmental concern decision.
BIM performs ethical concerns within assuring sustainability
It has been found from various studies that, using BIM can lead to manage waste at the
site. Furthermore, it helps in performing sustainable operations as well. Within using BIM,
architecture creates the design and structure of building. The major focus has been assured
towards managing the resources in effective manner. So, the concept of sustainability can be
performed in effective manner. Currently, the concept of green building has become highly
important. The standard framework in context of green building has been designed by the higher
authorities. Therefore, the sustainable method of designing the building needs to be followed.
Also, this leads to save from certain legal penalties by government (Ayman, Alwan and
McIntyre, 2020). Thus, BIM plays major part in green building projects. BIM has been used in
order to reduce energy consumption and the major impact of the building over the environment
has been managed within this. Also, BIM provides specific modelling tips architecture that can
use is context of performing the concept of green building. Currently, green architecture has
become highly mandatory in construction. As saving environment has become the major priority.
Therefore, certain aspects need to be followed by construction industry. Otherwise, it impacts the
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project in drastic manner. If the environment concern has not been shown by the construction
sector. Then, heavy penalties have been posed over them. Even, the projects needs to be stopped
in such situation. Thus, BIM is boosting-up the level of projects within assuring the effective
feature of managing environmental aspects. The major factors that provides contribution in
making building green are concerned with the materials that has been selected in terms of
performing operations.
Thus, the material selection needs to be done in such manner that does not provide harm to
environment. Furthermore, helps in saving up the resources of future as well. BIM enables
managers in terms of selecting those places in terms of constructing building that are far from the
local areas. So, the harm does not assure to the people as well from the activities of construction.
Landscape and Centric design has been done in such manner that does not perform depletion of
soil. Thus, in this manner the natural resources have been saved within using BIM. BIM
regulates the process and progress of the construction site (Uddin and et.al., 2021). Also, energy
that has been used in the process of construction activities has been used in such manner that
assures the energy consumption. Thus, BIM has been proven extremely reliable in terms of
performing the green practices along with delivering efficient results. As BIM assures clarity at
every stage therefore, it is easy for the engineers in terms of focusing over the concept of
sustainability. Also, it helps in reducing waste at construction site that contributes in protecting
environment. As the waste generation needs to be settle down in environment and this creates
negative impact over environment. Therefore, implementation of BIM is highly required in terms
of managing sustainability and assuring green practices. Thus, BIM is linked with the concept of
sustainability.
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Chapter 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
From the research it can be concluded that, BIM has been proven highly effective in terms
of assuring its effective contribution in construction industry. From initial level to end it plays
crucial role in supporting each task and activities. Often, it helps in managing hurdles in well-
defined manner. Along with this, risk can mitigate with the help of BIM. Effective coordination
and cooperation can be maintained among the members at the site. Thus, it helps in assuring
effective and potential deliverables at the end of the project. Pre-construction planning can be
easily performed with the help of BIM. It enables the architecture and engineers in terms of
making plans and designs before implementation of the actual practices. Furthermore, BIM sets
high standards in construction industry and supports the best practices as BIM helps in pre-
planning everything. Also, it helps in managing the coordination and communication among the
members. Therefore, standards framework in relation of work has been created with the
establishment of BIM. Moreover, BIM helps in managing the quality of project throughout the
project period. Any error that has been occur while completion of project then it can be easily
verify with the help of BIM.
BIM supports the effective practices and often assures effective results. However, there are
numerous challenges that has been faced within implementation of BIM. The major things that
needs to be assure focus in associated with effective understanding of using BIM. Thus, effective
understanding in this context helps in managing the threats that comes in the implementation of
BIM in construction. also, discussion regarding the project needs to be done with the client so the
proper idea can have in relation of the designs that needs to be used within the project. Along
with this, proper discussion and planning has to be done with the team members as it plays vital
role in supporting the plans (Altaf and et.al., 2020). Another major attribute that has been
performed by BIM is entitled with the allocation of resources in construction industry. Allocation
of resources is highly important as it is mandatory for carrying out the process. Thus, BIM helps
in making plan in relation of physical resource that are needed in construction. On the basis of
this, financial resource has been determined. Also, on the basis of planning the number of
workers is hired. Hence, in this manner BIM enable in selecting the appropriate resources along
with their acquirement.
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BIM has been determined as the most important tool of technology that is playing vital role in
increasing work efficiency and reducing the rate of risk. Thus, within implementation of BIM,
construction industries can improve their working pattern. As a result, final impact will be made
over the deliverables of project. Therefore, BIM has been proven highly effective in context of
assuring best practices (Lu, Lai and Tse, 2018). Furthermore, BIM is just not limited to making
effective contribution in best practices. Along with this it supports the green practices as well.
Currently, concept of green building has become highly important as it promotes the concept of
sustainability. Thus, BIM helps in analyzing best method in relation of performing sustainability
practices. On the basis of that most appropriate practices have been selected that ensures higher
rate of sustainability. Thus, it can be said that BIM is the backbone of construction industry. It is
enabling industry in terms of performing
The major recommendation over using BIM is concerned with- Developing BIM roadmap in
effective manner. It helps in making clear structure that can be easily understand by all members
that are performing their activities. The designs that has been selected within using BIM must be
communicated with the client so the proper idea in context of client preference can be taken. The
3D visualization of BIM is highly mandatory as it helps in understanding whole procedure in
effective manner. Therefore, within implementation of BIM it is highly mandatory that, 3D
visualization needs to be done (Awwad, Shibani and Ghostin, 2020). Also, experts need to be
hire as they are aware about the concept and usage of BIM. Random person who does not have
experience cannot use BIM in effective manner. Thus, large number of challenges has been faced
in such situation. Therefore, experts should to be hire. Conformance over the requirements is one
of the mandatory task that has to be done within BIM. It assures numerus options to the
architecture and engineers and often creates confusion. Many-times those options has been
selected that are not appropriate. Therefore, the options must be selected after assuring
conformance to the requirements.
The effective manner of using BIM initiated with the ground floor. Afterwards, team
needs to be assemble and discussion should be done in context of the planning, design and
activities. Effective discussion should be taken in consideration and afterwards document must
be progress. The experts should monitor the whole process as they are highly experience. There
are large numerous challenges that are aligned with the implementation of BIM. However,
35

focusing over these challenges from initial stage helps in managing the situations and hurdles.
Therefore, it is highly important to decide strategies in the planning part. Providing keen focus
from starting helps in managing the hurdles and barriers that can come in the working procedure.
Often, it helps in verifying small barriers as well. Thus, BIM is a leading technology tool that
ensures effective contribution in managing the activities of construction along with
implementation of efficient team management. Thus, it clearly concludes that, construction
industries should use BIM in context of developing effective buildings. This will enable
industries to perform environmental concern as well (Olugboyega and et.al., 2020). BIM is
linked with the green practices. Therefore, assurance of sustainability can be given within using
BIM. Also, BIM will enable construction industries in terms of reducing the risk that has been
generated at the site. As the planning in relation of the potential risk has been made during the
planning. Thus, proper precautions have been taken at the time of performing activities that
reduces the potential threat of risk.
36

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