The use of BIM in the construction of smart buildings: A systematic review

This systematic review explores the use of BIM technology in the construction of smart buildings, discussing its importance and applicability in the life cycle of smart buildings. The report highlights the concept of smart buildings, the importance of BIM in construction, and the benefits of BIM in the life cycle of smart buildings. The research aims to evaluate the use of BIM in construction of smart buildings and discusses the roles of Building Information Modelling in the life cycle of the built asset.

The use of BIM in the construction of smart buildings:
A systematic review
(7ET022) Research Methods and Professional Skills
A Literature Review
School of Architecture and the Built Environment University of Wolverhampton
MSc Building Information Modelling for Integrated Construction

Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................2
1.0 Introduction...............................................................................................................................3
2.0 Research aims and questions..........................................................................................................4
2.1 Aim..........................................................................................................................................4
2.2 Research objectives......................................................................................................4
LIETERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................................6
RECOMMENDATION............................................................................................................................18
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................................18
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Abstract
The BIM refers to a technology and techniques which is used by an individual for the
purpose of developing smart building and homes. The people are shifting from village to city
where they demanding for buildings to live or commercial buildings to operate their offices.
There are different design and style of buildings which are designed by using their skills and
abilities to work continuously. The paper of BIM technology reviewed from journal articles
and application of nee techniques which can help to develop the performance. The current
research is about use of BIM technology to build new buildings and other activities (Zima,
Plebankiewicz, and Wieczorek, 2020). A person should have proper information and details
about marketing trend and environment where it became important to offer the kind of
services and quality of products which could help to attain the higher productivity and
profitability. The research main involves peer reviewed article from Scopus, research gate,
google scholar, and unpublished article that supported to grow a business and functions. The
technology is also used to improve the communication between stakeholders and employees
for the purpose of collaborating their work in construction field. The current research has
identified that BIM technology is identified by construction industries and making the use of
smart building that could help to improve the business productivity. This provides different
advantages to people such as smart buildings, integration of systems, convenience of
information sharing and exchanging that are used to creating operation value and maintaining
phases effectively. Smart building functions are uses to influence the number of people by
reducing energy consumption, and increasing performance. The current project is going to
discuss about how BIM is using in the construction of smart building and managing all
functions appropriately.
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Topic : “The use of BIM in the construction of smart buildings”: A systematic
review
1.0 Introduction
Automatic centralised control of a building’s HVAC, lighting, electrical, shading, control
system and security system which are used to construct a smart building. The concept of
smart building has become inevitable development of future building as it provides new
experience to people and managing the all functions effectively (Sawhney, Riley, Irizarry,
and Riley, 2020). As people are reaching to new age when talk about building construction as
modular rooms and corporate offices are established for the purpose of influencing number of
people and attaining higher performance. The concept of smart building is taken from the
continual integration of advanced information technology with buildings and systems which
can help to operate and control the construction work (Zima, Plebankiewicz, and Wieczorek,
2020). It has seen that construction of building is a longer process that consumer much time
of people to build and technology helps to make work easier. The people should have proper
information and knowledge about market and environment so that kind of services are
provided to people and design the buildings accordingly. BIM refers to building information
modelling that used by individual for the purpose of managing digital representations of
physical and functional characteristics of places. This is important for each individual to
understand what is happening around and what is expected by people while getting construct
their buildings and other homes. This could help to develop the personal and professional
skills of individual person and supports to accomplish the goals. The BIM technology is
helpful in construction as it is convenient, comfortable, cost saving, and energy saving
practices used by people to make smart decision and changing the technology effectively.
The BIM–enabled building within the smart city are integrated with technological aspects and
smart transportation that could help to manage the all function systematically. The present
report is based on construction of business by using BIM technology that can highlight the
bright and modern future development (Leśniak, Górka, and Skrzypczak, 2021). This will
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Shelp to improve the knowledge and skills of researcher. The person requires to have proper
information and technology which could be used to develop the future activity.
2.0 Research aims and questions
2.1 Aim
To understand and evaluate the use of BIM in construction of smart buildings and discusses
the roles of Building Information Modelling in life cycle of the built asset.
2.2 Research objectives
To achieve the aim of this research the following fundamental objectives will be address:
(i) To review literature on the awareness of BIM application in building smart cities.
(ii) To discuss the smart building concept that BIM can achieve.
(iii) To draw some of the importance of BIM in the construction of smart city.
(iv) To evaluate the applicability of BIM in the life cycle of smart buildings.
Research Scope
The scope of current study is larger as it will help researcher to identify the use of BIM
technology in the construction of building that supports to develop the future. The individual should
have all details and information regarding trend which brings new technology and functions to
operate the event and constructing a building. The current research report also will help to create
awareness between people regarding application of BIM technology in smart cities and attracting
people at different placed. It has seen that in earlier people were not using technology and have taken
too much time to construct the building where it became important to introduce the innovation and
technology to make work easier and develop the performance. This could help to managing the all
functions and activities effectively (Deng, Zhong, Liao, Peng, and Lai, 2019).
Rationale
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The current research is about use of BIM technology in constructing the building which can
help to develop the understandings. The report will justify the reason and importance of using new
technology in preparing the building as it can help to save time and cost of architect and contractor
while working. This also helps to change the traditional method into new and modern method that
could help to regulate the event and work properly. This report will also help to improve the personal
and professional skills of researcher. In context to professional skills use of BIM technology and
personal skills such as communication, critical thinking, and technical skills could be improve that
can help to manage the all functions and activities effectively (Pruskova, and Kaiser, 2019).
Outline of Methodology
Methodology is the process of collecting and evaluating information regarding any topic or
research. There are several methodologies that would be followed by a researcher while conducting
current research. These methodologies are deductive approach, positivism philosophy, quantitative
research, questionnaire. All these are main methodologies that will be applied for achieving research
aim and objectives in a successful manner (Cui, Hu, Liu, Zhao, and Wang, 2021).
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LIETERATURE REVIEW
To review literature on the awareness of BIM application in building smart cities.
As per opinion of Jasiński (2021), BIM is the foundation of digital transformation in the
architecture, engineering, and construction industry which is used to build the smart building and
homes. This is important for each individual to have good knowledge and skills regarding new
technology and innovation as it used to live in modern age and supports to feel good. The leader in
BIM Autodesk is the industry ‘s partner that is used to realise the better ways of working and provide
better outcomes for business. Now a days people are so much curious to live with new standard and
operating offices with new designs where use of BIM technology could effective and supportive to
influence and managing all functions. This can help to develop the higher performance by building
building smart cities. This also increases the price of land and homes which are prepared with newly
design that influences the number of people and supports to develop productivity.
To discuss the smart building concept that BIM can achieve.
According to (Awwad, Shibani, and Ghostin (2020), The term "smart building" refers to the
continuous integration of sophisticated information technology with buildings and systems that can
assist in the operation and control of construction activities. It has been observed that building
construction is a lengthy process that requires a significant amount of time from individuals, and
technology assists in making labour easier. People should have adequate information and expertise
about the market and the environment in order to give the appropriate services and design buildings.
BIM stands for building information modelling, which is used by individuals to manage digital
representations of physical and functional properties of locations. Smart building is the wider concept
that is prepared on the basis of IOT technology by using hardware, software, and connectivity to
manage HVAC, lighting security, etc. creating a comfortable and safe environment for occupants.
This is important for each individual to have knowledge about BIM technology and innovcation that
is used to influence the number of people and get work done. The Smart building is the involvement
of smart buildings apart from traditional command and control situations. No a days people are
demanding newly designed and h
To draw some of the importance of BIM in the construction of smart city. This also allows the
individual to ciollect the data and information from various sources as it supports to attaining the
higher performance by influencing number of people. The concept of smart building is achieved by
BIM by the use and mass adoption of IOT in every class of real estate. The companies who are
working of real estate uses the BIM concept and technology to build the smart building and
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increasing the insights of people that can help to regulate the business environment effectively. The
people is having major role who have good knowledge and skills regarding construction and the use
of new technology such as building information modelling that guides how each function and activity
could be perform well in the changing environment. The architect is a person who focuses over
visitor management by focusing over daily workflows of a building, and it can help to save time and
cost which incurs while constructing new design of buildings.
To evaluate the applicability of BIM in the life cycle of smart buildings.
As per opinion of Ullah, Lill, and Witt (2019), The Lifecycle is the longer process which
needs various functions and activities to perform in chamging environment. This is important for each
individual to analysis the trend and environment then provides the kind of products and services. The
smart building are prepared by using new technology and innovation that supports to bring higher
number of customers who could buy the smart building and managing all functions. BIM is used to
converting old cities into something new and futuristic. Some examples are smart city, smart industry,
or smart commerce that shows high building to influence the number of people (Ma, Zhang, Hua, and
Zhang, 2020). A construction is striving for full energy efficiency in its usage that supports to reach
the goal by integrating and augmented management and controlling of all its systems. The emergence
of this new work technique, which coincided with the study and evolution of smart buildings, enabled
significant progress toward the implementation of efficient and intelligent constructions. BIM
technology and model can easily applied to understanding the whole life cycle of a building to both
clients and architects. The smart city is the active participation of its citizen in all services and
functions. This could be important for each organization and individual to analysis the environment
and create a chain of interdependent systems. It has seen that people are living in modern age where
they are demanding new buildings and offices to operate offices and living their lives. The people are
using new technology and innovation which can be used to develop the business productivity and
profitability. The technology is used to improve the infrastructure, health, equity, and welfare is being
improved for the benefits of people. This is important for each person to analysis the technology and
communicates with people clearly. It has seen that larger cities are developed in a intelligent and
sustainable way that supports to maintaining interaction and communication between local and
international resources (Vilutiene, Hosseini, Pellicer, and Zavadskas, 2019).
ICT is the important technology which is used by individual for the purpose of designing and
constructing the building designs and cities in a new method that could help to develop the
productivity and profitability. Now a days people are using new technology so that computer are used
to design the cities and building. Designs are preparing by using computer and managing the all
functions accurately that supported to attain goals.
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To draw some of the importance of BIM in the construction of smart city.
As per view point of Ullah, Lill, and Witt (2019), BIM refers to the foundation of digital
transformation in architecture, construction, and engineering that could be used to develop the
business productivity and performance in changing environment. This allows designers to create 3D
models that are used to represent physical and functional characteristics. This is important for each
organization to analysis the environment and comes to know the resources which can be used to bring
higher functions and activities. Due to changing needs and design of building architecture needs to
analysis the market and set up buildings accordingly which could help to develop the productivity.
Building information modelling is the digital technology which uses to build the smart building and
city. A smart city is a community that uses information and communication technology (ICT) to
improve community services and people's health. The smart city concept considers increased citizen
engagement for sustainable resource usage, social and better relationship capital, and quality and
performance. Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a computer-aided modern parametric solution
that has the potential to transform decision-making in the development of energy-efficient buildings
and smart cities. BIM allows for the cost-effective design, development, operation, and management
of construction projects while sharing and exchanging information with all stakeholders. The
effective application of BIM results in the reduction of risks throughout the project's first phases. This
study investigates the components of a smart city concept in the development of a smart city utilising
BIM and its numerous versions. To develop a smart city, the geographic information system (GIS)
environment can help by offering an appropriate data management system in transportation design
with minimal accidents, earthquake mitigation, and fire prevention. The evaluation focuses on several
technologies such as GIS and Building Energy Model (BEM), which could be a new approach for
creating a smart city. The evaluation will assist policymakers in adopting BIM as they work to
establish a sustainable, dependable, and energy-efficient smart city. The importance of BIM
technology in building construction is defined below:
Communicate Information – While running a business and managing function it is
important to share the task and information in relation to particular activities as it supports to develop
the business productivity and profitability. Communication is the act of sharing information, ideas
and feeling which is used by individual for the purpose of managing all work and activities. The
needs of communication in every organization that make task easier and smooth for managing the
business performance and activities. In other words, communication is the act of receiving, giving,
and sharing the information which could be used to managing all business functions. Good
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communicators are having ability to influence and attract the individuals who could work by
developing their skills and abilities to work.
Improve environmental performance – Smart cities are developed by using BIM
technology as it supported to grow the business functions. In earlier times building were constructed
without use of technology and architecture due to which many problem were identified while living
and working. In modern age, people have introduced the different types of technology in construction
which can be used to build and design the smart building and cities that could influence the number
of people and getting the work done.
Transport Network – To have good connection and network are important to individual
which can be used to controlling excessive task and activities. This is important for each individual
and group of people who is working in construction company should focus on transport the network
and bringing changes which could help to work effectively. The BIM is helpful for each construction
company is to identify the network the manage the work properly. The people who have engaged in
business construction activities needs to analysis the market and comes to know how their customers
will be influenced to adopt new and digital technology. BIM is transforming in the way of
transforming and designing the construction by managing all functions and activities to work.
Increasing sustainability – Sustainable construction means use of renewable and recyclable
materials when building new structures, as well as reducing energy consumption for the purpose of
running for long period of time. It has seen that while constructing the building economic,
environmental and social safety services are provided to their customers and employees which can
help to maintain the higher performance and productivity for long period of time. While constructing
the business it is important to analysis the environment and comes to know how people will get
environmental and economic safety which could be used to improve the business performance by
building smart city and houses with the help of BIM technology. This technology also helpful to
reduce the waste that might occur in construction.
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Chapter 3: Research methodology
Research methodology is defined as the specific process as well as techniques that is
used in order to identify, choose, analyse as well as process information regarding a specific
topic. In addition to this, it is one of the important part of dissertation that includes all the
methods used in the research along with the reason. It is vital for investigator to make use of
an effective methods of research as it help in attaining objectives within set time frame. The
research methodology includes research philosophy, choice, approach, design and many
more. In addition to this, it also includes sampling, time horizon, ethical consideration,
research limitations of the present study (Onungwa, Olugu-Uduma, and Shelden, 2021). As
per the current study, it is important to carry out secondary research which has been applied
as it will help in acquisition of deep as well as detailed information about the impact of BIM
technology in constructing the building and cities in changing environment. All these sources
will mainly be cast-off for literature review as this section of research contributes in
collection of the secondary info. The main purpose of research methodology or this section is
to attain familiarity about the particular topic and the methods that are used in the present
study. This part of dissertation involves sum of research methods which are as follows:
Research philosophy - It basically involves a usual of assumptions as well as
opinions which help investigator in gathering, interpreting and interpreting of data in an
effective and systematic manner. In addition to this, research philosophy is mostly studied
inside the form of ontology and epistemology. Epistemology introduces to valid data required
within a research and how an individual obtain it. On the other pointer, ontology is a method
of viewpoint which means gathering data which is valid and authentic. Moreover,
epistemology is mainly categorised into two types that is interpretivism and positivism as
well. These are the two procedures of research philosophy which has been cast-off for the
purpose to collect and understand data effectively. In relation to positivism philosophy, it
assumes that information is independent of the particular area whereas interpretivism
philosophy claims that a person observes their won understanding. Both the research
philosophy is useful for researcher to gather information (Hasan, and Rasheed, 2019). For the
purpose to carry out the current dissertation, interpretivism philosophy is taken into
consideration as it is the most appreciated and appropriate for get-together as well as
assessing secondary data without disturbances. The main motive is to select this is it mainly
emphasis on secondary data and also helps the researcher in attaining suitable and valid
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consequences of study in a real and well-organized manner (Qiu, Xu, Jin, Zhang, and Sun,
2019 ).
Research Approach – This could be explained as main methodology which is used
to decide the plan and procedures for the purpose of completing the project and managing the
all functions. This is important for researcher to analysis the market and research area to
collect the information in regards of particular topic. This consider inductive and deductive
approach that are used to focusing on target group and show presentation. The inductive
approach suggests observations that the individual uses to create the new theory. The
deductive approach is being used to start the information and activities with specific
hypothesis development on bases of literature review. The individual tries to test the thesis by
conducting tests properly. The current research is about use of BIM in construction as it helps
to develop the understanding and supports to influence the number of buildings, deductive
approach is being used by researcher that supports to collect right data and information
properly (Cui, Hu, Liu, Zhao, and Wang, 2021).
Research Strategy – This could be explained as planning where researcher device the
strategies by understanding environment and completing the goals. This is important for each
individual to analysis the business activities and make the use of new technology. The results
are development of business productivity and performance by managing all functions as well
as activities. The word strategy is introduce after the second war which means to formulate
the different plans and strategy which could be used to develop the business performance.
The onion of research suggesting the various strategies such as experiment, interviews,
surveys, and case study. The researcher have been use experiment stratgegy under secondary
method where data could be reviewed on the basis of already collected data. This could help
researcher to focus on their study and make the right decisions (Ullah, Lill, and Witt, 2019).
Choice of Methods – This is another component of research onion which is used by
researcher and individual to select the right method and plans to conduct research. This could
help to bring the lot of information regarding specific topic which supported to grow the
business activities and functions. This consider three methods mixed, mono, and multi
method that are used to collect the information and data by managing all information. The
mono method is used to focus over only one method for the study that can help to manage the
all information according to one’s perspectives. The multi method is used by researcher to
focus over wider selection of methods that could help to develop the business functions and
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activities at the workplace. Moreover, use of mixed method is based on use of two method of
research areas such as quantitative and qualitative that could help to collect the right data of
information and manage the functions properly. The current research is about use of BIM
technology that means business information modelling in construction that supported to grow
the business. It has justified that researcher have been use the mono method while conducting
the research as it will help to collect the information how to use BIM in constructing the
busildings and smart cities by controlling all functions (Qiu, Xu, Jin, Zhang, and Sun, 2019).
Time Horizon – This could be determined as time framework which is used by
researcher to showcase the time aspects while conducting the research and managing the
higher performance. This is important for each individual to prepare the time schedule while
conducting the research as it states start and end period of any kind of project. The researcher
is having major role in conducting the analysis and managing the all functions accurately. If
there is effective time horizon then could be grateful to manage and control their work in
changing environment. This involves cross section and longtitudinal horizon. The cross-
sectional data is being used when all observation are looking towards single point of time
such as in most survey it is used to complete the study. Moreover, longitudinal data horizon is
being used to implies the observation for specific variable and topic that supports to develop
the understanding and managing the data properly. This refers to the amount of time required
to acquire and gather information. It is critical for researchers to have a proper time horizon
in order to properly finish various research methods. This report contains a cross-sectional
time horizon. This is a type of observational research that will analyse various data variables
that are collected at a certain point in time across a sample population. In relation to current
research cross sectional aspects is being used by researcher as it can help to know about
project and complete it certain period of time by managing all functions and activities.
Data collection and Analysis – This is divided into two parts: quantitative research
and qualitative research. Quantitative research refers to the systematic collection of
information in the form of numbers, statistics, and so on. Qualitative research is important for
obtaining detailed and accurate information on a topic. In this study, the investigator is
investigating qualitative research as a method of acquiring information and data in a more
methodical and proper manner. This will aid in the most significant and effective analysis and
evaluation of information.
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Sampling - Sampling is the selecting of a group of people to represent the entire
population. The investigator is considering the random sample strategy in this study. Random
sampling is effective because it provides an unbiased representation of the overall population
and gives all responders an equal opportunity for selection.
Research Ethics - In the components of Questionnaire/Interview/Focus organisation
questions, the use of offensive, discriminatory, or other objectionable language must be
avoided. As a result, people' voluntary participation will be promoted. This will aid in the
efficient conduct of the research and the achievement of the desired results. It is critical that
researchers do research in an ethical manner because this will have an impact on the study
process. The investigator is able to execute business procedures effectively and accurately
thanks to research ethics.
Data collection - This can be describing as the practices of collecting or
gathering information for different source so that researcher is able to find correct and
accurate solution to research problems. Primary and secondary methods of data collection is
mention below -
Primary data collection - The goal of primary research is to obtain information as well
as answers to previously unasked questions. When compared to secondary research, primary
research takes more time and costs more money. The person who collects the data is the
exclusive owner of it, and it is not necessary to share it with anybody else. Finally, another
advantage of primary research is that it fulfils the researcher's personal goals and the data
acquired is up to current. One of the most significant advantages of primary research is that it
allows the researcher to get data that is unique and relevant to the research goals. (Jimoh and
et. al., 2019).
Secondary data collection - Secondary research is crucial because it is less expensive
and offers a basis for the project. Articles, journals, online websites, newspapers, and other
media can all be used to obtain secondary information. This style of research makes use of
data that is available in the form of books, journals, websites, and so on. As a result, the cost
of purchasing it is likewise lower. Secondary research assists the researcher in clarifying the
research topic and providing a suitable response. Furthermore, because secondary research is
primarily based on available data, it may be completed much faster than primary research.
Justification – The researcher have been used the secondary research to conduct the
research as it will help to collect the data from secondary sources by managing all functions.
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This will help to save the time and cost of researcher in conducting research in certain period
of time.
Interpretation
THEME 1
To review literature on the awareness of BIM application in building smart cities.
Figure 1 Awareness of BIM application. 2022.
The first discussion is about awareness of BIM which is applied in building the smart cities
and influencing the people to décor their homes. When this question rises to many people then
number of respondents are received by researcher which stated that along with increasing in
education and skills in changing environment people are also changing their thoughts regarding
building their new homes and buildings (Literature on the awareness of BIM application in building
smart cities. 2022). Some people explained, this is modern age where individuals are attracting
towards new products and services where it became important to make the use and application of
BIM technology as it could help to build the smart cities and generate the higher performance.
THEME 2
To discuss the smart building concept that BIM can achieve.
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Figure 2 The smart building concept that BIM can achieve, 2022
According to number of people and their perspective, it has explained that smart building
concept is wider which is used by architecture and contractor to identify the environment and make
the use of new technology which can help to do work easier and faster than others. The construction
activities consume high time and resources to construct the buildings and smart cities as it could
influence the people and get ready to take such kind of services (The smart building concept that BIM
can achieve. 2022). This also helps to maintain the higher performance and productivity in changing
environment.
THEME 3
To draw some of the importance of BIM in the construction of smart city.
Figure 3 Value of BIM for connecting design insight. 2022
.
This theme in relation to current research has explained that smart cities are develop by
collection of people and designing a community in which number of people share their information
and build the buildings. The individual should have proper details regarding new technology and
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innovation which needs to have in constructing the buildings and managing the all performance.
According to respondents who is working in construction companies BIM is important as it provides
the understanding how to build the smart city by involving number of people and managing the
performance. This is also important to cover the multiple technology, maintaining wireless radio
frequency identification, managing the smart waste management system by involving renewable
resources which could be used to develop the business productivity and profitability (Value of BIM
for connecting design insight. 2022.). This is also helpful to focus on cognitive building and
increasing utilisation of building assets. This could help to reach the targeted customers and people
who supports to develop the business productivity and profitability. From the discussion it has
explained that BIM is most important in construction field as it used to construct the building in early
age and supports to develop the business functions.
THEME 4
To evaluate the applicability of BIM in the life cycle of smart buildings.
This theme is related to showing BIM application in managing the life cycle of smart building
which supported to develop the smart cities. As needs of people is going to change where it became
important to analysis the new technology and innovation that can be used to introducing the activities
and functions at the workplace. The management requires to have proper information regarding BIM
technology as it integrated all data and recordings with the help of technology. This also supports to
analysis the business aspects which needs to be complete in certain period of time. This can help to
use the good quality and quantity of material and sources in order to run lifecycle of smart buildings.
RECOMMENDATION
From the above it has recommended to construction organizations to use the BIM
technology that can be used to construct the new building and smart cities. This is important
for each organization to focus over new technology and innovation as it bring lots of
information while conducting the research and attaining higher performance. Each
organization who is operating their business of construction need to use good quality of raw
material and resources which can be used to develop the buildings and managing each
function properly. The individual should have proper details and data regarding specific
things which can be used to develop the performance and managing smart buildings.
CONCLUSION
From the report it can be concluded that BIM is the main technology in constructing
the buildings and smart cities as it became important to use as it permits architects to predict
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potential construction hazard and support them to adjust the design. Now a day’s people are
giving attention to highly structured building which covers modern design and all facilities
that could help to make feel luxury which is possible through use of BIM technology. This
could be important for each construction industry to analysis the environment and make the
use of business information modelling for the purpose of building good structured cities and
homes. This also helps to maintain the higher performance. In relation to current research,
researcher has done research regarding use of BIM in building construction where deductive
approach is helpful to conduct the study and positivism philosophy show the positivism
outcome in relation to specific research. The researcher will conduct the research by using
primary and secondary method that can help to collect the data from other resources and
supported to grow the business effectively. The sampling is used to receiving the response
from different people and make decision accordingly. The use of secondary research became
helpful for researcher to conduct the analysis and managing all functions and activities
effectively. This also supported to grow the business productivity and profitability.
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