Major BIM-related documents and their description

This article provides an overview of the major BIM-related documents and their descriptions. It covers the importance of BIM standard, BIM Execution Plan, BIM Implementation Plan, Project Execution Plan, Employer Information Required, Master Information delivery Plan, and Common Data Exchange. The article also discusses the availability of BIM guidelines and policies in different states of Australia.

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Question 1: Major BIM-related documents and a description of each
I. BIM standard
BIM is normally linked with Industry Foundation Classes as well as aeXML data structures that
are sued in the representation of information. Industry Foundation Classes have been created by
buildingSMART being neutral, non-propriety or open standards that share BIM data among
various applications software. An early illustration of a BIM standard that is approved nationally
is the AISC which is an abbreviation for American Institute of Steel Construction which is an
approved standard and has its roots being traced to the United Kingdom (Abanda et al., 2015).
II. BIM Execution Plan
A BIM Execution Plan is one of most valuable as well as highly required part of a given new
construction project. It is of utmost importance when one is working with a given international
collaborative project to ascertain each individual working on the project reads from the same
page, collaborating as well as cooperating. An initial BIM Execution Plan is normally generated
pre-contract that would demonstrate to the suppliers the intended approach to the project and
how they are anticipating conducting it. Upon the award of a contract, a secondary BIM
Execution Plan is as well generated to concentrate on the supply chain capabilities. Upon
auctioning, the BIM Execution Plan is in place to aid all parties as well as teams working on the
project to remain on course. Even in case there could be setbacks or even minor details which
require alteration, the entire plan of execution for construction is precise and clear and can be
conducted. The advantage of such is it aids the people taking part in keeping on track with that
they are carrying out in the project (Alwan, Jones and Holgate, 2017). An effectively adopted
BIM Execution Plan would ascertain the big picture for project is precise. In so doing the project

tends to develop higher chances of successful completion on time as well as within the stipulated
budget.
Communication is an integral aspect of all construction projects and to attain a success, it is
expected that numerous various people serving in tandem to attain unified goal. This is only
attainable through strong communication. This is yet another element a BIM Execution Plan may
bring to a project. A properly coordinated and buildt BIM Execution Plan expects the project
team to work in harmony as well as communicate from the initial start to the end of the project.
The collaborative factor of a BIM Execution Plan generates a stronger team as opposed to
individual teams that work on their own parts.
III. BIM Implementation Plan
Implementation defines the step of moving an idea to reality from concept. An effective and
efficient implementation incorporates a large number of inter-linked tasks planned to be
conducted in a pre-defined order. Numerous stakeholders are needed to collaborate as well as
share information with each other in a BIM workflow (Cao et al., 2015). But in most cases the
information tends to be at risk of being misinterpreted or even altered thereby creating reluctance
among the partners in the successful use of BIM. The BIM Implementation Plan is a toll that has
a significant role to play in aiding all parties in being informed of opportunities as well as
responsibilities linked with adoption and use of BIM. Depending on experience of
implementation of BIM on range of projects, 7 major components have been defined to be
making up a BIM Implementation Plan.

 Project Analysis which is inclusive of the current status of the project, current design
coordination method, stakeholder analysis, cost analysis, progress monitoring as well as
general project needs and risks
 Proposed scope of BIM: The experience as well as knowledge of the project stakeholders
ought to be examined and attainable BIM goals is set in place
 Knowledge exchange: Efficiency is attained by an urge to always make improvements.
Hence the need of transfer of knowledge as well as training being examined. BIM
knowledge exchange and training ideally would occur on the job (Ganah and John, 2015)
 BIM responsibilities & activities: Bringing together the stakeholders capabilities and
BIM goals for the project, there can be developed a responsibility matrix for the purposes
of defining the responsibilities, an activities as well as roles of every stakeholder who is
taking part.
 BIM processes: With sophisticated loops of exchanges of information come the needs of
keeping a consistent workflow. This is applicable for individual BIM use cases for
instance coordination of design and control of the quality of all resultant BIM models. It
could be an iterative process prior to all parties reaching an agreement on a common
methodology of work but it is of importance to come up with a protocol that is
maintained in the entire life cycle of the project
 BIM Implementation timeline: An attainable BIM implementation schedule ought to be
developed as well as aligned with the over schedule of project execution
 BIM installation within project: A designated Manager of BIM is it internal or external
ought to be integrated in the structure of organization of a project with the Knwoledge

and acceptance of all parties. This provides the manager with enough authority as well as
responsibility in driving the implementation process of the BIM.
IV. Project Execution Plan
The Project Execution Plan is the main document which defines the manner in which a project is
to carry out by providing the specifics of the activities in the project, project organization as well
as the resources injected to the project (Ghaffarianhoseini et al., 2017). The main elements of a
Project Execution Plan include:
 definition of scope
 goal statements
 allocation of resources
 technical as well as quality specifications
 project scheduling
 organizational considerations
V. Employer Information Required
The Employer Information Required offers insights to the information that will be needed by the
employers from their internal team as well as suppliers for project development as well as for
working of the completed constructed asset. Relevant and detailed extracts from the Employer
Information Required are incorporated in the procurement documents for appointment of every
supplier chosen directly by employer that may be inclusive of consultants, advisors and
contractors among others.
Prospective suppliers reacts to the Employer Information Required with a pre-contract BIM
execution plan where from their suggested approach, capacity as well as capability may be

examined (Kerosuo et al., 2015). The development of the Employer Information Required might
be an interactive process:
 It may be in the form of simple process map for information needs that highlights the
main decisions which will need to be undertaken during execution of the project to
ascertain the developed solution meets the needs of the business and defines in elaborate
terms the information that would be of help in making decisions
 It undergoes development to highlight the needed materials, performance as well as
functional information regarding spaces, facilities as well as floors
 as the design continues, it heights more specific needs regarding the suggested systems
and components of building in support of procurement
 At completion of the project, Employer Information Required defines the need of
information in supporting operation as well as maintenance of systems alongside
components that are indeed installed.
The Employer Information Required ought to be quite articulate of the information requirements
for every supplier as well as describe the anticipated information deliverables with regards to
documents, structured information as well as model files. It should as well define how and when
the information ought to be exchanges in the lifecycle of a project (Lu, Won and Cheng, 2016).
VI. Master Information delivery Plan
The Master Information delivery Plan is the main plan used in the preparation of the project
information from the perspective of the supplier needed by the employer’s information
requirements. It notes the information deliverables as well as setting out when project
information is to be generated, by whom and through what protocols and procedures for every

project stage. It is suggested that information deliverables be inclusive of but not limited to the
renditions, drawings, models, equipment, room data sheets, schedules and ought to be managed
through change control.
The Master Information delivery Plan is generated from a number of task information delivery
plans for project as prepared by the team managers of individual task and outlining the
responsibility of every specific information deliverable. The Master Information delivery Plan
collates the different task information delivery plans besides aligning them with construction as
well as design programs. The Master Information delivery Plan ought to be created by the
delivery manager of the project, working in collaboration with the team managers of the task. It
is thereafter used by project delivery manager in the management of delivery of information
during the progress of the project (Singh, Chinyio and Suresh, 2018).
VII. Common Data Exchange
Successful exchange of information calls for a proper understanding of all the contributors of
what they should provide as well as what others will as well be providing and how such
information would be used and presented. Each construction project would need certain
information, in some format to be conveyed to client at main points during the lifecycle of a
project. Such information delivery points at times known as data drops effectively serve as stage
gates- a point where data may be analysed and decisions may be taken into consideration
depending on the available information to numerous stakeholders at main points in time. Such
stage gates ascertain projects are effectively validated and regulated as they undergo
development. The information exchanged on a BIM project is varied as per the requirements of
the projects as well as the needs of the client. There is guidance in form of plans of work where

there are numerous in places. The RIBA Plan of Work suggests six data drops at each of the
stages of a project a shown:
 Design Brief
 Concept
 Development of design/technical design
 Production information
 Practical documentation
 Post-practical completion
Question 2: Comparing different states in Australia with regard to the availability of BIM
guidelines and policies
In spite of the enthusiasuim for implantation of BIM, the government of Australia has chosen not
to mandate the adoption of BIM in projects funded by commonwealth. As per the report, a slow
approach to the implantation of BIM is of preference and the state governments in Australia have
chosen the same position. Nevertheless, the Australian Department of Defence has come out to
be at the forefront of attempts of incoproating BIM at the level of Federal procurment with the
aid of BIM to improve the operation as well as development of the wide portfolio of assests.
State governments are heightening their endeavors in BIM research and reception. The
Queensland Government is effectively investigating BIM improvement through research
associations with various foundations. Specifically, the Department of Transport and Main
Roads is embraced research to examine potential entire of life upgrades with the utilization of
BIM. A contextual analysis attempted as a major aspect of this examination was the New
Generation Rollingstock Depot, a venture granted by the Department of Transport and Main

Roads to Laing O'Rourke. This venture recognized 25 advantages coming from the utilization of
BIM over the life of the undertaking, including improved results and higher consumer loyalty.
The Queensland Government is progressively taking a gander at utilizing BIM in the
acquirement of state based foundation.
In New South Wales, Transport for NSW (TfNSW) has built up a procedure for executing BIM.
An underlying advance in the process is the improvement of a Digital Engineering Task Group
to explore potential procedures for the usage of BIM in TfNSW ventures. TfNSW has likewise
been in charge of actualizing Australia's first 5D BIM pilot venture, trialing innovation, for
example, versatile laser examining, increased reality and 3D printing to evaluate the focal points
it offers (Singh, Chinyio and Suresh, 2018).
The Victorian Government, in its 2015/16 Budget, accommodated advancement of procedure of
choosing key tasks to take interest in BIM pilot study. The Victorian Government will at that
point utilize the aftereffects of the pilot concentrate to educate an organized arrangement for
BIM usage crosswise over foundation extends in the state.
With respect to Western Australia, Western Australian Government is beginning to utilize BIM
in a portion of its prominent foundation ventures, including the $1.2 billion Perth Children's
Hospital venture, which utilized BIM in the acquirement organize.
Question 3: Documents – must be provided to facilitate adopting BIM on projects
Research has exceptionally proposed specialized and association factor as column factor in
assessment of BIM. Various obstructions in execution of BIM has been accounted for which
related with innovation, association, process and legitimate Gu furthermore, London (2010),
Alfred (2011) expressed that BIM required another arrangement of lawful instruments to

accomplish its guarantee. There are four classifications of CSFs known as innovation,
association, procedure and legitimate of selection of BIM. The subtleties of these CSFs portrayed
as underneath
Technology: Because of the viability of BIM in expanding venture execution, various of BIM
apparatuses have been created and accessible on advertise. Research has demonstrated there is no
single programming can satisfy all the undertaking need, in this way an incorporation of BIM
programming is an unquestionable requirement. The assortment of BIM programming from
various programming merchants has prompted interoperability issues. So as to manage this issue,
interoperability and similarity exertion has been taken to institutionalize information trade for all
the accessible BIM programming. Interoperability is a noteworthy disadvantage in usage of BIM.
Others issues, for example, security of private data on undertaking information likewise every
now and again ascend by development players Alfred (Singh, Chinyio and Suresh, 2018). Lesser
in security prompted ineffectual correspondence, data sharing, and cause trust issues among
venture partners. See to utilization of BIM is likewise been featured by development players. UI
of BIM programming ought to be anything but difficult to utilize that will an upgrade client
investment and similarity
Organization: There is a restricted joint effort among the development players because of
distinctions of their experience and culture. The vast majority of association has been control by
conventional practice in development venture. This has been considered as an obstruction toward
execution of BIM that required high coordinated effort. For instance, development players tend
to utilized or saw task plan through printed version contrast with softcopy. Considered BIM as
another innovation that required explicit ability to utilize it, preparing and learning program for
the development players, for example, planner is an unquestionable requirement (Latiffi et al.,

2014). Besides, the program must be accessible for every one of task partners and in accordance
with worldwide prerequisite.
Process documents: As of now, there is constrained of direction of BIM especially on
combination of BIM with current practice in development industry (Brewer, 2006). Therefore,
the greater part of the development players tent to actualize BIM with their very own term which
is directed to low proficiency of task the executives. Thusly, there is a requirement for
institutionalize of BIM procedure and rules for selection of BIM in Malaysia (Azhar, 2011). Is
has been referenced that each of BIM programming has their own highlights and capacity
dependent on the purposed of utilized in PLC.
However, there is constrained mastery accessible to utilized BIM programming (Singh, Chinyio
and Suresh, 2018). Consequently, individuals factor has been viewed as fall as one of the CSFs
(Singh et al., 2011). One of the BIM highlights is empower client to make, audit and alter plan
through virtual model to be specific as 4D calendar displaying. Thusly, there is a need of
specialized furthermore, nontechnical to upgrade the sequencing procedure.
Legal documents: The execution of BIM in development venture required use of copyright law
and lawful direct so as to uncertain information security and proprietor benefits. Be that as it
may, the presence of this guideline has negative effect on fashioner's tent to move chance for
example, structure mistake towards proprietor's duty (Alfred, 2011). The mix of possession with
security framework prompted constrained client access and hindrance in correspondence among
other task partners. Furthermore, client who has a general control of information in model will be
completely capable of any errors. This is testing because of the distinctions in target and culture
among the venture partners. Subsequently, so as to effectively execute BIM this issue should be
featured for improvement of agreement report, case law, guideline and status.

Conclusion
The utilization of BIM and its advantages have exhibited to be priceless to development
ventures. Focal points are accomplished trough compelling coordinated effort of colleagues
during development ventures and the use of BIM advancements. In any case, these apparatuses
have their hindrances that require further thought both by BIM scholars and professionals. New
information and advancements should be accomplished by task administrators, originators,
designers and different partners which are a piece of the development ventures. Especially, BIM
and its instruments are ending up being commonly generally welcomed in the development.
Parametric qualities and monetary pointers accessible in BIM all through the procedure of
structure, development, activity and support empower truthful basic leadership, which results in
different advantages. The setup and coordination through BIM use limits the dangers happening
during the development phase of the undertaking. Our examination has shown how BIM is
helpful to the development ventures. BIM yields better quality development yields and builds the
effectiveness of procedures during all phases of the venture. Distinctive BIM advances can be
used to realize BIM in activities. In any case, BIM advancements still have their disadvantages
and difficulties and require further improvement. All around, BIM is a progressive idea in ACE
industry, anyway it has not yet arrived at adequate degrees of appropriation.

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