Business Information Modelling a revolution in the Construction Industry in the Gulf Region

This thesis explores the impact of Business Information Modelling (BIM) on the construction industry in the Gulf Region. It aims to understand the advantages and limitations of BIM, its functions in the construction industry, and its incorporation in the Gulf Region. The findings of this research can be helpful for construction companies and stakeholders in the Gulf Region to make informed decisions about the adoption of BIM and its potential benefits.

Running head: BUSINESS INFORMATION MODELLING A REVOLUTION IN THE
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN THE GULF REGION
Business Information Modelling a revolution in the Construction Industry in the Gulf Region
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:

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Abstract
The current thesis relates to a better understanding of Business Information Modelling, which
would act as a revolution in the construction industry in the Gulf Region. The background of the
paper discusses about the construction industry in the Gulf Region and even about Business
Information Modelling so that an idea about the tool would be attained. The objectives of the
paper have explained the aspects and the elements that would be answered in this paper. The
literature has explained the elements and the suggestions that have been put forth by the
researchers who have done researches earlier. This has been helpful in creating an idea with the
help of which analysis of the paper can be done. The analysis in accordance to this paper has
been explained and the results which have been attained has been discussed in this paper with the
help of which better understanding on Business Information Modelling and the development of
the same in the future time period would be understood.

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................5
1.1 Background of the Study.......................................................................................................6
1.2 Aim of the Research..............................................................................................................9
1.3 Objectives of the Research....................................................................................................9
1.4 Research Question.................................................................................................................9
1.5 Rationale of the research.....................................................................................................10
Chapter 2: Literature Review.........................................................................................................11
2.1 Introduction:........................................................................................................................11
2.2 Concept of BIM:..................................................................................................................11
2.3 Reasons behind adoption of BIM:.......................................................................................12
2.4 Construction and economy:.................................................................................................13
2.5 Use of BIM in sustainable construction practices:..............................................................14
2.6 Use of BIM in built environment:.......................................................................................15
2.7 Other benefits of BIM:.........................................................................................................16
2.8 Issues to be encountered while adopting BIM in Gulf nations:...........................................18
2.9 BIM challenges faced by the Gulf nations:.........................................................................20
2.10 Summary:...........................................................................................................................23
Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................24
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................24

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3.2 Research Philosophy............................................................................................................24
3.3 Research Approach..............................................................................................................25
3.4 Research Logic....................................................................................................................25
3.5 Research Design..................................................................................................................26
3.6 Sampling Method.................................................................................................................26
3.7 Process of gathering data.....................................................................................................27
3.8 Data Analysis Technique and Plan......................................................................................28
3.9 Ethical Issues.......................................................................................................................28
Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Discussion......................................................................................29
4.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................29
4.2 Frequency Analysis.............................................................................................................29
Answer to Question No 1......................................................................................................29
Answer to Question No 2......................................................................................................31
Answer to Question No 3......................................................................................................32
Answer to Question No 4......................................................................................................34
Answer to Question No 5......................................................................................................35
Answer to Question No 6......................................................................................................37
Answer to Question No 7......................................................................................................39
Answer to Question No 8......................................................................................................41
Answer to Question No 9......................................................................................................43

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Answer to Question No 10....................................................................................................45
Answer to Question No 11....................................................................................................47
4.3 Descriptive Analysis............................................................................................................48
4.4 Correlation Analysis............................................................................................................50
4.5 Thematic Analysis...............................................................................................................55
4.5.1 Impact of BIM on the success of a project...................................................................55
4.5.2 Impact on time and cost................................................................................................55
4.5.3 Improved Collaboration................................................................................................55
4.6 Overall Discussion...............................................................................................................56
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation...............................................................................58
5.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................58
5.2 Addressing the objectives....................................................................................................59
5.3 Recommendation.................................................................................................................60
5.4 Future Work.........................................................................................................................61
References:....................................................................................................................................62
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................69
Appendix........................................................................................................................................70

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Chapter 1: Introduction
In the current time period, there has been development of the overall economy all over
the globe because of technological advancement. This development has led to the growth and
advancement of the construction industry as well. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a
fast developing concept in the aspect of the construction management projects and even in the
segmented construction industry that has been impacted by the development of the BIM
(Sodangi 2018). It is known that there are several kinds of software that assists in the idea of
BIM, it is seen that more and more organizations are implying the applied research aspects in
order to gain the benefits that is received from the incorporation of BIM.
In certain areas, construction productivity of the labors has fallen and it is seen that some
of the companies have been developing. The incorporation of BIM in the construction industry
has been a problem of greater significance with respect to the development of the efficiency of
the construction projects within their life-cycle and among various construction functions of the
business. This is due to the fact that BIM concentrates in the application of the information
technology in order to enhance the collaboration among the respondents of the projects during
the whole life-cycle of any project. In the same manner, Hassan, Hijazi and Naser (2017)
discovered that BIM is associated to the application and recording of the key digital
representation of all the project data for various phases of the lifecycle of the difficult
construction projects.
Youssef, Haak-Saheem and Youssef (2017) addresses the fact that BIM is very much
more than just looking into the technological developments. The researcher has indicated that it
needs a fundamental shift towards the collaboration between the participants of the projects. In

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the current time period, BIM has been incorporated in the Middle East countries in order to
coordinate the building and the designing phase of the complex and mega projects and it projects
a model for communication among the various stakeholders and disciplines. This has led to a
change in how the projects are managed in the countries thereby making it a compulsory need for
all the stakeholders of the complex and large project burdens aver the contractors as they are
presently making a vast and fast change in order to embrace BIM in order to satisfy the demands
of the clients. Furthermore, as many companies have more than one office all over Middle East
and with the development of the complex and mega projects in several cities of the area, a much
more developing incorporation of BIM within construction among the region can be estimated.
1.1 Background of the Study
Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been explained in various aspects by several
researchers. Jones and Pimdee (2017) explained BIM as an adjective phrase to explain the tools
and the procedures and the various technologies that are facilitated by the by the electronic
machine readable reporting of a building, their performance, its construction and their planning.
On the other hand, BIM has explained by Pillai and Al-Malkawi (2018) as a digital
representation of the functional and physical characteristics of a facility. The main intention of
the construction industry has been to serve as a resource knowledge that is shared for the data
which has been a facility and creating a reliable foundation for the decisions during the lifecycle
from the incorporation onward.
Jose and Chacko (2017) explained BIM to be a set of the interacting processes, policies
and the technologies that is utilized in creating a process in order to manage the key designs of
the building and the project information in the digital form all over the life cycle of the building.

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BIM is explained as a three dimensional digital representation of the building with its
internal elements and features: that is constructed of the intelligent building elements, which
constitutes of the information attributes and the rules for parametric for every object.
In the course of the substantial development of the information technology in the area of
construction industry within the previous few years, it is seen that numerous building
information modelling along with the method of simulation has become accepted fully and is
used extensively as equipment in the life cycle of the project management (Jeribi, Fakhfekh and
Jarboui 2015). The rising diversity among the respondents, tasks, disciplines, equipment and
events within the project management in the construction industry, the rise in the burden of the
strict manufacturing deadlines, the rise in the expenses are leading to increased value of the
demand of the quality and the demand for the technological developments (Zidane and Andersen
2018). Each one of them when taken together acts as a compelling force that is behind the
information modelling and the figure based simulation within the construction industry. In the
current time period, Business Information Modelling (BIM) has been recognized as the most cost
efficient process which can be utilized in order to construct and manage the assets all over the
lifecycle of the project.
Al-Hinai, Espinosa and Vidgen (2018) has even highlighted an explained idea of the uses
of the Business Information Modelling in the construction industry. These are inclusive of the
form visualization, collaboration that is seen in the construction and design and other aspects as
well. Srairi (2015) stressed on the fact that the initial use of the Business Information Modelling
needs to be in the planning and the design stage of the construction industry and their projects.
At the time of the planning stage various expert groups make use of Business Information
Modelling in the architectural design, structural and electronic design. Measham, Fleming and

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Schandl (2016) even debated on the fact that one of the most matured implication of Business
Information Modelling is observed to be associated collaboratively developed shared and
preserved frameworks among the life cycle of the project.
Kilian (2016) discovered that Business Information Modelling has been in use at various
kinds of levels of maturity. It has been stated Business Information Modelling has been looked
upon to be integrated entirely with the entire construction process. The benefits that are attained
with the help of the Business Information Modelling is very much helpful for the construction
industry as it has diversified the industry and thereby has enhanced the effectiveness of the
operational activities as well.
Alyani and Guile (2017) explained that within the previous 25 years, the extent of
advancement in the Gulf area has enhanced in a drastic way and simultaneously the area has
observed a development in the area of the construction industry. On the other hand it has been
viewed that in the construction industry of this area has even gone through certain issues like the
postponements and the overrun of the expenses. Therefore, the building information modelling is
incorporated with the idea that this would in turn develop the performance and the profitability
of the construction industry (El-Sabek and McCabe 2018). This research work would therefore
concentrate on discovering how the building information modelling has in a way has been
beneficial to the construction industry in the Gulf area and therefore an extensive literature
review would be undertaken that would be helpful to the researcher in creating an extensive
understanding and knowledge of the concept of the research and hence authenticating the
research questions of the research as well.

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1.2 Aim of the Research
The extensive aim of the research looks to address and recognize the effect of the
building information modelling over the construction industry in the Gulf region and how this
modelling has been helpful in bringing about a development and revolution in the construction
industry.
1.3 Objectives of the Research
The objectives that have been prepared in accordance to this research paper has been
explained as follows:
 To create an extensive idea and the concept of the Building Information Modelling
 To recognize the shortcomings and the advantages of the Building Information Modelling
 To discover the function that is played by the Building Information Modelling in the
construction industry
 To discover the incorporations of the Building Information Modelling in the construction
industry in the Gulf region
1.4 Research Question
The research questions have been constructed in relation to the objectives that have been
prepared for this thesis. The research questions have been explained as follows:
Q1. What is the idea of Building Information Modelling?
Q2. What are the advantages and the limitations of the Building Information Modelling?
Q3. What are the functions that have been performed by the Building Information Modelling in
the construction industry?

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Q4. How Building Information Modelling has has been helpful in the development of the
construction industry in the Gulf area?
Q5. What are the essential impacts of Building Information Modelling process in the
construction industry in the Gulf Region?
1.5 Rationale of the research
There has been an observation that in the current time period the economy of the Gulf
area has developed in a drastic manner and therefore this development has even been observed in
the construction industry as well (Al Humaidan and Sabatier 2017). However, it is even seen that
primarily the construction industry has gone through various kinds of issues and in order to
manage these issues, Building Information Modelling has been exploited in order to assist the
construction industry in the Gulf Region.

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Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction:
For evaluating the potential problems that might impede the adoption of the current
management technologies by the construction sector in developed nations, it is necessary to gain
an insight of the adoption history in nations experiencing the adoption of BIM. In this section, a
detailed literature review would be carried out on the reasons behind BIM, the challenges
encountered by BIM, the construction management technology adopted by the developing
nations and the challenges of BIM adoption experienced. Finally, this chapter would provide an
overview of the similarities of challenges and barriers against the adoption of BIM in
industrialised nations.
2.2 Concept of BIM:
According to Wong and Zhou (2015), BIM could be described as a platform in relation to
the integrated system. However, there are various differences in the viewpoints that intend to
develop a commonly accepted definition of BIM so that all the disciplinary perspectives could be
encompassed. Thus, BIM is defined as highly flexible, object-centric procedure to design, which
gives a path for the working of different multi-disciplinary procedures of integration. Instead of
the traditional CAD tools, BIM uses certain intelligent objects so that the distinctive design
features could be depicted in a better fashion. Certain empirical evidences are inherent regarding
the way of using BIM to minimise the evolvement of misconceptions, confusions and errors.
However, there are other researchers identifying different other capabilities of this
particular system. In the opinion of Xu, Feng and Li (2014), such capabilities constitute of the
capability of designing graphics, which include the following:

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 Photo-realistic
 Robust embedding of graphic as well as non-graphic data
 Multi-dimensional spatial configuration
 System integration
The utilisation of the inflexible features such as lines, arcs and spines circle takes huge
amount of time. With the help of BIM, the design objects are used for walls, instance roofs,
furniture, floors and service accessories for automatic update with any modification in the
database. By using these design objects, the productivity and quality of expert and professional
services could be improved enormously.
2.3 Reasons behind adoption of BIM:
BIM has developed as a method of creating virtual representation of a construction
project before the initiation of the actual consideration work for detecting, simulating and
analysing potential issues and delay factors encountered through the project construction stage
(Abanda et al. 2015). The construction sector in the Gulf nations provides support to the local
economy as well as the national economy. With the progress of BIM software, the initial usage
has extended into cost control, safety, scheduling along with operations and maintenance
considering infrastructures like stadiums and bridges.
By adopting BIM, the construction managers could raise productivity, which has enticed
the researchers and practitioners to concentrate on their attention of diversifying and enhancing
BIM into other areas of management. The advantages of this technology have supported the
widespread BIM adoption in the construction sector of the Gulf nations.

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2.4 Construction and economy:
In 2008, the construction had the largest entrepreneurial rate among all the sector groups
followed by services industry in the Gulf nations (Ashworth and Perera 2018). The development
status of a nation has an intrinsic association with the size and role of construction sectors. With
the help of construction, socio-economic development could be ensured by offering productive
facilities and infrastructure. The effect of technology on the construction sectors is observed to
be positive in the Gulf nations. Due to the embracement of new construction technology in the
AEC sectors, the construction sector of the Gulf nations has been a significant component of
economic welfare and success in construction and other businesses (Alwan, Jones and Holgate
2017).
Even though there is active contribution of construction in the social and economic
development of the nation, additional technological support would add significantly the potential
to offer easy solutions to complex issues. In relation to the construction sectors as a significant
contributor in the economy of the nation, the developing nations have an ardent concentration in
each stratum of the construction industries. According to Balouktsi, Lützkendorf and Foliente
(2016), the impact of construction is immense on the early phases of economic development of a
nation and with the improvement in the economy; there is regression of the impact of
construction on the economy. The researchers have further noted that in the developing nations,
construction contributes to 60% of the overall capital formation, while the number varies
between 25% and 30% in the developed nations.
The developed nations experience upsurge in economic growth due to technological
investment and improvements, the developing nations not making technological advancements
experience adverse economic effects from such decisions. The unwillingness of a developing

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nation in embracing technology could have direct effect on the construction costs of a nation. By
concentrating on the crucial role of the construction sector on the economy, it is significant of
exploring the technology of current construction, which seems to have recognised all advantages.
The concept of BIM appears to have fulfil the criteria and few BIM aspects would be described
in the below sections.
2.5 Use of BIM in sustainable construction practices:
BIM possesses the capability of enabling multi-disciplinary information to be
superimposed in a single model and this improves the opportunity for such information to be
initiated early in design phases (Ćetković et al. 2015). BIM helps in analysis of complex
performance for assuring optimised building design and document generation utilised for
certifications like LEED. This sustainability is an emerging BIM concept and the dissemination
is adopted quickly in most of the nations. The significant decisions in sustainable practices are
taken early in the design phases and BIM assists in sustainable design and needed documents for
green buildings.
In the words of Chen et al. (2015), BIM helps in delivering better transition from design
stage to the construction stage of the project. This suggests that the utilisation of BIM to develop
orientation, evaluating building skin alternatives, daylight studies and site location would
augment the sustainability concept in the early design phases.
According to a survey carried out by Chong, Lee and Wang (2017), the BIM diffusion
has been approximated within the AEC sectors and its impact on improving the concepts of
sustainability. The outcomes depict that 91% of the participants have stated the use of BIM is
helpful for construction and sustainable design. Another researcher Darko and Chan (2016) have

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conducted a research on CO2 emissions related to 52,300 SF LEED GOLD certified building one
year after the completion of construction and similarities could be observed in actual data usage
and predictions of BIM model for emissions. However, the researchers have pointed out certain
future challenges and risks in the application of BIM, which constitute of the following:
 Absence of interoperability between different applications of BIM
 The mechanical design communities did not welcome BIM in BIM-based energy
evaluation and the usage of non-BIM based software
 There is no certification on the part of California Energy Commission regarding the
analyses of BIM-based energy applications
Even though certain software are available for rightful thermal simulation to develop
projects, they are not used broadly on the part of practitioners, since vast amount of manual data
input is needed.
2.6 Use of BIM in built environment:
As commented by Demian and Walters (2014), BIM has the capability of providing
various direct and indirect benefits to this particular sector. These benefits comprise of enhanced
sharing of information throughout the overall value chain, time and cost savings, enhanced
quality, accountability and transparency in decision-making, improved customer satisfaction and
increased sustainability. With the help of BIM, the vision of project team could be enhanced
beyond cost, encompassing time and sustainability, in which the other dimensions engaged in the
project are taken into consideration.
According to Frischknecht et al. (2015), BIM assists in real-time data access in relation to
personnel of facility management for undertaking suitable decisions at the time they are carrying

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out predictive as well as preventive maintenance activities. This is significant, as the buildings
contribute to nearly 72% of the consumption of electricity, 38% of carbon dioxide pollution and
39% of overall consumption of energy. BIM could be utilised for running scenarios of operation
building in an attempt to determine the optimal performance needs depending on external
parameters. However, certain issues are encountered to implement BIM in the current built
environment, which are demonstrated briefly as follows:
 Greater effort level needed to convert the current building data to an object of BIM
 Update of information in BM
 Dealing with tentative data and their associations with the BIM models of the current
buildings
2.7 Other benefits of BIM:
There are certain other benefits that the construction industry could seek by using
BIM and they are demonstrated briefly as follows:
 Eradication of unbudgeted changes until 40%
 Highly correct information of cost until 3% accuracy
 80% time savings in estimates of cost
 Until 10% of the overall savings of contract value because of clash detection potential
 Minimises project time by nearly 7%
 Rise in the rate of field productivity by 20% - 30%
 The charge orders and RFIs minimised by 10 times or greater
In the research work of Matthews et al. (2015), it has been found that the adoption rate of
BIM in the construction sector has risen from 49% in 2009 to 71% in 2012. In the same research

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work, it has been evaluated that the construction experts utilising BIM have increased twofold
between 2010 and 2011. The hurried increase of BIM provides support to the return on
investment in the construction sector by utilising BIM. According to Kibert (2016), the
evolvement of BIM is to meet the requirements of design automation by developing a model that
depicted the actual components of buildings. Such automation is highly advantageous to develop
estimates for buildings, green building rating, schedule tracking and progress, safety plans,
energy performance along with formulating reliable baseline for control. The mechanism has the
ability of identifying clashes in the initial design phases; thus, saving considerable amount of
time in omitting errors along with drawing updates. According to a study conducted by
Medineckiene et al. (2015) on the construction industry of UK, it has been found that BIM has
the potential to address a variety of issues, which are represented as follows:
 Minimising errors
 Minimising waste and rework
 Enhanced construction as well as sustainable design
 Enhanced techniques of managing risk
 Asset management
 Trusted facilities
 Effective coordination of the changes required by the clients to design and their impact
 Technological advantages within the field of construction management.
Henceforth, it could be said that technological progress is one of the primitive rooted
worries of the scholars. The use and enticement of BIM is quickly been pervasive as a critical
need in construction businesses. Finally, Myers (2016) argued that the construction organisations

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not using BIM might find it extremely difficult to maintain sustainability in their business
operations in future.
2.8 Issues to be encountered while adopting BIM in Gulf nations:
Majority of the organisations in the developed nations because of BIM adoption are at the
centre of market competitiveness. However, still certain barriers are inherent obstructing the
application and process of adoption for the remaining organisations in developed nations. In this
context, Goulding et al. (2015) cited that the challenges and impediments in contrast to the use of
BIM in the construction firms of the Gulf nations comprise of the following:
 The organisations are not familiar with the use of BIM
 The organisations are reluctant in initiating employee training along with revised flow of
work
 The benefits recognised from BIM do not overshadow the costs related to implementation
 The advantages are intangible for warranting its usage
 There are additional risks in BM for warranting its usage
 The change in organisational culture
 The absence of demand for BIM usage
The observed impediments depict absence of understanding of the probable business
risks and benefits related to the adoption of BIM. In a study conducted by Jankowski,
Prokocki and Krzemiński (2015), the construction industry in the Gulf nations is lagging
behind its global colleagues in BIM application. This is due to the absence of awareness and
resources, ignorance and misunderstanding related to diversity of BIM usage. The research
highlighted additional investigation of the global construction sector in relation to the

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application and adoption of BIM for understanding if BIM could assist the construction
sector of the Gulf nations in handling the current construction challenges. The construction
industry of the nations might follow the transition taken towards the adoption of BIM on the
part of the global construction sectors. This would assist the construction sector of the Gulf
nations in migrating to BIM with lower disruption and challenges.
A survey conducted by Kassem, Succar and Dawood (2015) in UAE stated that 60% of
the respondents had been about to receive certain information about the adoption of BIM. Such
information constitutes of clear insight of the benefits of BIM and the ways through which the
costs and impeding factors are outrun along with needed training and know-how transfer to their
employees and organisations for elevating knowledge regarding BIM. The information takes into
account project driven implementation and support along with group effort among the
stakeholders of the construction sector and the way of populating databases while detecting
investment risk engaged with adoption of BIM.
On the other hand, another study conducted by Love et al. (2014) in US has identified
various barriers to the adoption of BIM. These barriers are named as follows:
 Lower business investment
 Non-availability of competent personnel and learning curve
 Non-existence of collaborative work process and standards
 Reluctance of the engineers, architects and subcontractors
 Contractual agreements and legal issues
 Interoperability

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However, it is to be borne in mind that the designers are not provided with extra
compensation for the efficiencies and savings attributing to using BIM technology and it
minimises the motivation for the designers to utilise BIM to the fullest potential.
2.9 BIM challenges faced by the Gulf nations:
It has already been discussed that many organisations in the construction sector of the
Gulf nations are facing the BIM constraints, which result in schedule and cost overrun. Hence,
the organisations are making continuous efforts to mitigate these challenges through adoption of
innovative technologies like BIM. In the research work of Shoubi et al. (2015) on the Iraq
construction industry about the BIM application, the survey outcomes reveal that the
practitioners of BIM in the nation perceive two significant BIM benefits, which constitute of
time saving and cost saving in construction projects. It has been explained further in the study
that the impediments to the implementation of BIM are witnessed to have been devastated
because of the pervasive BIM awareness level among the organisations.
Even though no reporting of barriers is made, small number of organisations are utilising
BIM in their construction projects, which signify that the organisations still need considerable
amount of support in relation to guidance along with the procedure of BIM adoption and
application. A study conducted on Oman construction industry by Stephan and Athanassiadis
(2018) stated that there are certain barriers that the organisations often encounter while
implementing the BIM process. The barriers were assigned with relative significance for
identifying the importance and resistance levels.

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Table 1: Barriers to the adoption of BIM in the construction sector of Oman
(Source: Stephan and Athanassiadis 2018)
Another study conducted by Volk, Stengel and Schultmann (2014) on Kuwait
construction industry stated that the participants had different viewpoints in relation to the
barriers and reasons to the utilisation of BIM, which is illustrated in the form of a figure as
follows:

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Figure 1: Reasons for not using BIM in the construction sector of Qatar
(Source: Volk, Stengel and Schultmann 2014)
For seeking innovative solutions to the barriers encountered by the construction industry,
it has started to focus on innovation to the current systems of construction. As a result, the
adoption of the preliminary building information modelling is used. As the success of the model
is dependent on the joint contribution of the project teams, the barriers like processes, people and
technology might slow down the rate of adoption on the part of the Gulf construction sector.
Majority of the scholars are in the way of conducting research to assist the industries in
developing and raising their awareness about the adoption of BIM by the construction sectors
(Smith 2014). Thus, the literature suggests that majority of the challenges related to the
application or adoption of BIM are equivalent in the construction sector of the Gulf nations with
slight variations from nation to nation.

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2.10 Summary:
Based on the above discussion, it could be stated that BIM is defined as highly flexible,
object-centric procedure to design, which gives a path for the working of different multi-
disciplinary procedures of integration. Instead of the traditional CAD tools, BIM uses certain
intelligent objects so that the distinctive design features could be depicted in a better fashion.
BIM possesses the capability of enabling multi-disciplinary information to be superimposed in a
single model and this improves the opportunity for such information to be initiated early in
design phases. BIM helps in analysis of complex performance for assuring optimised building
design and document generation utilised for certifications like LEED. This sustainability is an
emerging BIM concept and the dissemination is adopted quickly in most of the nations.
For seeking innovative solutions to the barriers encountered by the construction industry,
it has started to focus on innovation to the current systems of construction. As a result, the
adoption of the preliminary building information modelling is used. As the success of the model
is dependent on the joint contribution of the project teams, the barriers like processes, people and
technology might slow down the rate of adoption on the part of the Gulf construction sector.
Majority of the scholars are in the way of conducting research to assist the industries in
developing and raising their awareness about the adoption of BIM by the construction sectors.
Thus, the literature suggests that majority of the challenges related to the application or adoption
of BIM are equivalent in the construction sector of the Gulf nations with slight variations from
nation to nation.

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Chapter 3: Research Methodology
3.1 Introduction
The chapter that constitutes of the research methodology has the intention of discovering
the aspects and the elements that are desirable in order to collect the data and thereby understand
the precise idea with the help of which analysis process of the concerned topic can be
undertaken. This section of the thesis has even been constructed in order to provide a precise
idea to the readers with respect to the processes and the steps which have been undertaken in
order to reach the outcome that is desirable (AlBar and Hoque 2017). The methodology of the
research constitutes of the philosophy that would be considered, the approach that would be
selected, the design of the paper and the collection process that would be undertaken. It is seen
methodology of the research would even be helpful in the development of the analysis process
and thereby results can be performed.
3.2 Research Philosophy
The philosophy of the research examines the research fundamentals with the help of a
specific trend of the research. The philosophies examine the ideology that would be taken into
consideration with the help of which better results can be attained. There are four sorts of
philosophies and they are known to be realism, pragmatism, interpretivism and positivism
(Saxena 2017). The philosophy has the characteristics of the ontology, epistemology and
axiology.
The current paper has the intention of discovering the use of Business Information
Modelling in the construction industry in the Gulf Region and in order to understand the impact
of the same pragmatic philosophy would be selected as it would assist in the discovery of the

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elements and the components that have been vital for the development of the current paper and
collection of data in relation to this topic.
3.3 Research Approach
In order to attain the outcome of the research, the researcher has the ability to make use
of various kinds of processes and techniques. In relation to the current topic, the researcher
would make use of pragmatic research approach as this thesis would extensively examine the
each and every small aspects of the issues related to this topic. By taking assistance of this
approach, the researcher would examine and investigate regarding how Building Information
Modelling has revolutionized within the construction industry in the Gulf area (Al-Maamary,
Kazem and Chaichan 2017).
The pragmatic process is generally known to be the mixture of the interpretivism and the
positivism approach. The approach of positivism makes use of various factual figures like charts
and graphs that would be associated to the topic and the interpretivism approach considers the
emotional aspects as well. Therefore, this process would be helpful in the development of the
ideas that would be helpful in the understanding and resolving of the research issues.
The approach would even select the model and the frameworks that would be used by the
researcher so that a proper path and direction can be maintained in order to complete the thesis in
an efficient way.
3.4 Research Logic
Duffield and Whitty (2015) discovered that there two sorts of logics that are available to
the researcher. It is seen that inductive and deductive logics are the two logics that can be
exploited by the researcher. Inductive logic is associated to the creation of new theories and

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models and these aspects would be helpful in the development of new ideas with the help of
which the entire result would be attained. On the other hand, deductive approach refers to the
models and the frameworks that have been prepared earlier and therefore has been utilized. In
this manner, it is seen that deductive logic has been selected and therefore existing concepts and
theories have been selected.
3.5 Research Design
Bin-Ghanem and Ariff (2016) highlighted that there are three kinds of designs that are
available for use and they are descriptive, exploratory and explanatory research design. It is seen
that explanatory research design is incorporated is a task does not have the ability to extensively
construct the hypothesis. In this scenario, the individual is undertaking the research sustains with
the research in order to accrue the data.
There are specific kinds of researches which takes into consideration that the actions that
are taking place is taking place due to the natural law and in this aspect exploratory research has
been taken into consideration.
Descriptive research design considers the feedback of the respondents and therefore
researchers in this design make use of secondary as well as primary research. This is done in
order to have an understanding whether the constructed hypothesis are valid or not. In
accordance to this topic and the thesis, it is seen that secondary as well as primary data would be
taken into consideration and therefore descriptive research design would be utilized.
3.6 Sampling Method
The sampling process refers to the process with the help of which the selection of the
participants as well as the sources that would be used for the collection of the secondary data

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would be selected. There are two sorts of sampling that are available to them and they have
looked upon to be non-probability and probability sampling (Ariff, Bin-Ghanem and Hashim
2018). Non-probability sampling would be selected when the researcher are completely aware of
the total number of respondents that would be selected and probability sampling would be used
in case the researchers are unaware of the total number selected respondents. In relation to this
topic, it is seen that the researcher is aware of the number of respondents that would be chosen
and therefore non-probability sampling has been selected.
The selection of the respondents would be done in the area where the researcher resides
and therefore limited participants would be selected and due to the constraint of time the number
respondents with whom one can contact can be selected. It is due to this fact that 50 employees
from the construction industry has been selected and accordingly their feedback can be attained
with respect to Business Information Modelling and a total of 5 managers have been selected so
that the feedback of the management can be taken into consideration as well.
3.7 Process of gathering data
The researcher in order to have an idea about the topic that has been selected primary as
well as secondary data would be collected. The primary data would be collected from the
selected respondents who have been selected from a large employee pool. In order to collect the
data, close ended questionnaire would be constructed and the questionnaire would be created
with the help of Google Link so that the link would be forwarded to the respondents and thereby
specific feedback of the respondents would be known (Fiksel 2015). The secondary data would
be collected with the help of several kinds of journal articles, internet websites and other research
papers with the help of which specific idea in accordance to the topic would be ascertained.

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The researcher in this paper has selected quantitative data and therefore quantitative data
analysis would be selected with the help of which data would be transformed into numerical
figures and thereby graphs, tables and charts would be selected with the help of which better idea
and results would be ascertained.
3.8 Data Analysis Technique and Plan
The analysis that would be undertaken will be done on the basis of the topic that has been
selected. It is seen that Business Information Modelling has been helpful in the development of
the construction industry in the Gulf region. It is therefore seen that there primary and secondary
data would be used (Taylor and Cooper 2018). The primary data that would be collected will be
inserted in the SPSS software and thereby results that are desirable would be attained. The
secondary data that would be collected will used for the purpose of thematic analysis with the
help of which an overall idea on the topic would be discovered.
3.9 Ethical Issues
The researcher needs to construct an efficient ethical model with the help of which
secondary and primary data would be collected. The researcher would look to make sure that the
respondents are not challenged in order to provide the desirable feedback. The researcher would
even make sure that confidentiality of the personal and professional information of the
respondents is maintained so that this information cannot be used by some external parties. The
researcher would take the permission of the respondents once they feel that they are in need of
using this information for any other purpose (Ojukwu 2016). The secondary research will be
undertaken and the journals and topics that would be reviewed not be very old. The researcher
has maintained the fact that the information that has been collected is precise and relevant as they
would be collected from sources that are trusted.

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Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Discussion
4.1 Introduction
The data analysis would precede with the help of the data that gas been collected and
thereby the results that are desired for this research will be discovered. The data analysis would
constitute of primary data analysis and secondary data analysis in order to provide a clear idea
about business information modeling process in the construction industry in the Gulf Region.
The primary data analysis will be done with the help of frequency analysis and correlation
analysis. On the other hand, the secondary data analysis would be done with the help of thematic
analysis.
4.2 Frequency Analysis
The frequency analysis would explain the questions that have been asked to the
respondents and what they have answered in respect to those questions.
Answer to Question No 1
Gender
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Female 21 38.2 38.2 38.2
Male 34 61.8 61.8 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0

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This is the demographic question and is looking to answer the gender of the respondents.
It is seen that 61.8% of the respondents are male and the rest of 38.2% are female. It is therefore
seen that most of the respondents in the construction industry are male.
Figure 2: Gender
(Source: As Created By the Author)

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Answer to Question No 2
Age Group
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
18-25 years 5 9.1 9.1 9.1
26-35 years 18 32.7 32.7 41.8
36-45 years 14 25.5 25.5 67.3
46-55 years 14 25.5 25.5 92.7
56 years and
above 4 7.3 7.3 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0
This question associates to the age group of the respondents. The results indicate that
32.7% of the respondents are within the age group of 26-35 years. 25.5% are within the age
group of 36-45 years and the same percentage of 25.5% is within the age group of 46-55 years.
9.1% of the respondents have their age between 18- 25 years and the rest of 7.3% of the
respondents are 56 years and above. This indicates that most of the respondents in the
construction industry are middle aged.

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Figure 3: Age Group
(Source: As Created By the Author)
Answer to Question No 3
Designation in the company
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Employee 50 90.9 90.9 90.9

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Manager 5 9.1 9.1 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0
This question has been asked to the respondents in order to have an idea about the
designation of the respondents within the construction industry. It is seen that 90.9% of
respondents (50) respondents are employees in the construction industry and the rest of 9.1% (5)
respondents are working as managers in the construction industry.
Figure 4: Position In the company

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(Source: As Created By the Author)
Answer to Question No 4
BIM offers integration and effective collaboration among the various
teams
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Agree 29 52.7 52.7 52.7
Disagree 4 7.3 7.3 60.0
Neutral 16 29.1 29.1 89.1
Strongly Agree 3 5.5 5.5 94.5
Strongly
Disagree 3 5.5 5.5 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0
This question looks to answer the fact that whether BIM offers integration and efficient
collaboration among the teams. It is seen that 52.7% agree to this point and 29.1% remain
neutral. 7.3% of the respondents disagree to this point while 5.5% of the respondents have
strongly agreed and the same percentage of 5.5% has strongly disagreed. The overall answer
indicates that integration and effective collaboration among the teams are maintained with the
help of BIM.

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Figure 5: BIM offers integration and effective collaboration among the various
(Source: As Created By the Author)
Answer to Question No 5
BIM provides error free design
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Agree 23 41.8 41.8 41.8
Disagree 7 12.7 12.7 54.5

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Neutral 16 29.1 29.1 83.6
Strongly Agree 6 10.9 10.9 94.5
Strongly
Disagree 3 5.5 5.5 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0
This question has been asked to the respondents in order to find out whether BIM is able
to provide error free design. It is seen that 41.8% have agreed as they feel that BIM is able to
provide error free design. 29.1% have remained neutral as they do not wish to disclose their
views. 12.7% of the respondents have disagreed to this point and on the other hand 10.9% have
strongly agreed. The rest of 5.5% of the respondents have strongly disagreed to this point. The
results explain that error free design is maintained with the help of BIM.

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Figure 6: BIM provides error free design
(Source: As Created By the Author)
Answer to Question No 6
BIM is helpful in the development of productivity
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Agree 22 40.0 40.0 40.0
Disagree 6 10.9 10.9 50.9
Neutral 13 23.6 23.6 74.5

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Strongly Agree 12 21.8 21.8 96.4
Strongly
Disagree 2 3.6 3.6 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0
This question associates to finding out whether BIM is helpful in the development of
productivity. It is seen that 40% of them have agreed with the same and 23.6% have remained
neutral. It is even seen that 21.8% have strongly agreed, while 10.9% of them have disagreed to
this point. Only a handful of 3.6% have strongly disagreed to this point. This indicates that
development of productivity is attained with the help of BIM.

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Figure 7: BIM is helpful in the development of productivity
(Source: As Created By the Author)
Answer to Question No 7
BIM improves the quality of the services
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Agree 18 32.7 32.7 32.7
Disagree 2 3.6 3.6 36.4
Neutral 13 23.6 23.6 60.0

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Strongly Agree 16 29.1 29.1 89.1
Strongly
Disagree 6 10.9 10.9 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0
This question tries to discover whether BIM improves the quality of the services. In
accordance to this question, 32.7% have agreed and a bigger percentage of 29.1% have strongly
agreed. 23.6% have remained neutral. It is seen that 10.9% of the respondents have strongly
disagreed and the rest of 3.6% have disagreed to this point. It is therefore pertinent that quality of
services is improved with the help of the incorporation of BIM.

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Figure 8: BIM improved the quality of the services
(Source: As Created By the Author)
Answer to Question No 8
BIM enhances the quantity take off
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Agree 25 45.5 45.5 45.5
Disagree 5 9.1 9.1 54.5
Neutral 8 14.5 14.5 69.1

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Strongly Agree 12 21.8 21.8 90.9
Strongly
Disagree 5 9.1 9.1 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0
This question looks to answer whether enhancement of quantity take-off is done with the
help of BIM. It is seen that 45.5% have agreed to this point and 21.8% have strongly agreed. A
percentage of 14.5% have remained neutral and 9.1% have disagreed. It is even seen that the
same percentage of 9.1% have strongly disagreed as well. It can thereby be said that
enhancement of quantity take off is possible with the help of BIM.

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Figure 9: BIM enhances the quantity take off
(Source: As Created By the Author)
Answer to Question No 9
BIM reduces the work load for the employees
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Agree 28 50.9 50.9 50.9
Disagree 4 7.3 7.3 58.2
Neutral 13 23.6 23.6 81.8

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Strongly Agree 7 12.7 12.7 94.5
Strongly
Disagree 3 5.5 5.5 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0
The question that has been asked to the respondents have been that whether reduction of
the workload of the employees is possible with the help of BIM. It is seen that 50.9% of the
respondents have agreed to this point as they feel that workload of the employees would reduce.
On the other hand, 23.6% of the respondents have remained neutral to this question. 12.7% of the
respondents have strongly agreed to this point and 7.3% of them have disagreed. The rest of
5.5% of the respondents have explained that they strongly disagree to this proposition. It can
therefore be said that reduction in the workload of the employees is possible with the help of
BIM in the construction industry.

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Figure 10: BIM reduces the work load for the employees
(Source: As Created By the Author)
Answer to Question No 10
BIM is helpful in reducing time and cost
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Agree 31 56.4 56.4 56.4
Neutral 9 16.4 16.4 72.7
Strongly Agree 13 23.6 23.6 96.4

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Strongly
Disagree 2 3.6 3.6 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0
The question that is asked relates to whether BIM is able to reduce the cost and time of
the construction industry. The responses reveal that 56.4% agree to this question and 23.6%
strongly agree. It is seen that 16.4% of the respondents have remained neutral and only a handful
of 3.6% of the respondents have strongly disagreed to it. It can therefore be said that cost and
time reduction is possible in the construction industry with the help of BIM.

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Figure 11: BIM is helpful in reducing time and cost
(Source: As Created By the Author)
Answer to Question No 11
BIM leads to the reduction in the generation of wastes
Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Agree 21 38.2 38.2 38.2
Neutral 17 30.9 30.9 69.1
Strongly Agree 15 27.3 27.3 96.4
Strongly
Disagree 2 3.6 3.6 100.0
Total 55 100.0 100.0
The last question is looking to discover whether BIM leads to the lowering of the waste
generation in the construction industry. It is seen that 38.2% agree to this statement and 30.9%
have remained neutral. 27.3% of the respondents have strongly agreed to this point and only
3.6% of the respondents have strongly disagreed to this point. It can therefore be said that
reduction of waste generation is possible with the help of the incorporation of BIM in the
construction industry.

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Figure 12: BIM leads to the reduction in the generation of wastes
(Source: As Created By the Author)
4.3 Descriptive Analysis
This analysis would address the standard deviation, mean and median for the variables
that have been selected for this paper. The table below would explain the descriptive analysis in
relation to this paper.
Statistics

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BIM offers
integration
and effective
collaboration
among the
various teams
BIM provides
error free
design
BIM is
helpful in the
development
of
productivity
BIM
improves the
quality of the
services
N
Valid 55 55 55 55
Missing 0 0 0 0
Mean 2.04 2.25 2.38 2.82
Median 1.00 2.00 2.00 3.00
Std. Deviation 1.247 1.265 1.312 1.441
Skewness .822 .523 .267 -.131
Std. Error of
Skewness .322 .322 .322 .322
Kurtosis -.404 -.847 -1.370 -1.425
Std. Error of Kurtosis .634 .634 .634 .634
Statistics
BIM enhances
the quantity
take off
BIM reduces
the work load
for the
employees
BIM is helpful
in reducing time
and cost
BIM leads to
the reduction in
the generation
of wastes
N
Valid 55 55 55 55
Missing 0 0 0 0
Mean 2.40 2.15 1.75 1.96
Median 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00
Std. Deviation 1.473 1.325 .947 .902
Skewness .420 .664 .812 .388

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Std. Error of Skewness .322 .322 .322 .322
Kurtosis -1.398 -.912 -.769 -.991
Std. Error of Kurtosis .634 .634 .634 .634
Table 2: Descriptive Statistics
(Source: As Created By the Author)
The overall descriptive statistics explain that the mean as well as the median for the
variables are precise and this explains that the responses that have been provided by the
respondents have been fair in accordance to the topic. The standard devotion of all the variables
have been low and therefore explain that results from primary data analysis have been true and
valid.
4.4 Correlation Analysis
The correlation analysis is done in order to provide an idea about the degree of
relationship among the relationship that has been chosen. The table below would therefore look
to explain the same
Correlations
BIM offers
integration
and effective
collaboration
among the
various teams
BIM provides
error free
design
BIM is
helpful in the
development
of
productivity
BIM offers integration
and effective
Pearson
Correlation
1 .006 .195

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collaboration among the
various teams
Sig. (2-tailed) .967 .153
N 55 55 55
BIM provides error free
design
Pearson
Correlation .006 1 .097
Sig. (2-tailed) .967 .483
N 55 55 55
BIM is helpful in the
development of
productivity
Pearson
Correlation .195 .097 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .153 .483
N 55 55 55
BIM improves the
quality of the services
Pearson
Correlation .179 .127 .194
Sig. (2-tailed) .191 .354 .156
N 55 55 55
BIM enhances the
quantity take off
Pearson
Correlation .093 .491** .178
Sig. (2-tailed) .501 .000 .193
N 55 55 55
BIM reduces the work
load for the employees
Pearson
Correlation .311* .165 .234
Sig. (2-tailed) .021 .228 .086
N 55 55 55

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BIM is helpful in
reducing time and cost
Pearson
Correlation .181 .040 .303*
Sig. (2-tailed) .187 .774 .024
N 55 55 55
BIM leads to the
reduction in the
generation of wastes
Pearson
Correlation .232 .106 .012
Sig. (2-tailed) .089 .443 .931
N 55 55 55
Correlations
BIM improves
the quality of
the services
BIM enhances
the quantity
take off
BIM reduces
the work load
for the
employees
BIM offers integration
and effective
collaboration among the
various teams
Pearson Correlation .179 .093 .311
Sig. (2-tailed) .191 .501 .021
N 55 55 55
BIM provides error free
design
Pearson Correlation .127 .491 .165
Sig. (2-tailed) .354 .000 .228
N 55 55 55
BIM is helpful in the
development of
productivity
Pearson Correlation .194 .178 .234
Sig. (2-tailed) .156 .193 .086
N 55 55 55
BIM improves the
quality of the services
Pearson Correlation 1 -.140 .324
Sig. (2-tailed) .310 .016
N 55 55 55

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BIM enhances the
quantity take off
Pearson Correlation -.140 1** -.097
Sig. (2-tailed) .310 .482
N 55 55 55
BIM reduces the work
load for the employees
Pearson Correlation .324* -.097 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .016 .482
N 55 55 55
BIM is helpful in
reducing time and cost
Pearson Correlation .427 -.058 .119*
Sig. (2-tailed) .001 .672 .389
N 55 55 55
BIM leads to the
reduction in the
generation of wastes
Pearson Correlation .166 .095 .345
Sig. (2-tailed) .226 .491 .010
N 55 55 55
Correlations
BIM is helpful in
reducing time and
cost
BIM leads to the
reduction in the
generation of
wastes
BIM offers integration and
effective collaboration among
the various teams
Pearson Correlation .181 .232
Sig. (2-tailed) .187 .089
N 55 55
BIM provides error free design
Pearson Correlation .040 .106
Sig. (2-tailed) .774 .443
N 55 55
BIM is helpful in the
development of productivity
Pearson Correlation .303 .012
Sig. (2-tailed) .024 .931
N 55 55

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BIM improves the quality of
the services
Pearson Correlation .427 .166
Sig. (2-tailed) .001 .226
N 55 55
BIM enhances the quantity
take off
Pearson Correlation -.058 .095**
Sig. (2-tailed) .672 .491
N 55 55
BIM reduces the work load for
the employees
Pearson Correlation .119* .345
Sig. (2-tailed) .389 .010
N 55 55
BIM is helpful in reducing
time and cost
Pearson Correlation 1 .162
Sig. (2-tailed) .236
N 55 55
BIM leads to the reduction in
the generation of wastes
Pearson Correlation .162 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .236
N 55 55
Table 3: Descriptive Statistics
(Source: As Created By the Author)
The overall analysis of the paper has been able to explain that all the variables that have
been considered are positively correlated to each other. It is seen that none of the variables are
negative correlated to each other and thereby explains the fact that all the variables are related to
each other and each one of them have significant role to play for the development and the
incorporation of the Business Information Modelling in the companies that are operational in the
construction industry in the Gulf Region. The values of correlation that are attained reveal that

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the extent of relationship is not very high simply because of the fact that all the figures are not
very close to 1 and are mostly close to 0. Therefore, one can say that even though the extent of
relationship among the variables are positive but the degree of relationship among the variables
are not very high.
4.5 Thematic Analysis
4.5.1 Impact of BIM on the success of a project
There have been several debates and arguments which have been related to the success of
a project. Sharma, Govindaluri and Al Balushi (2015) explained that there has been an issue that
has been recurring in the evaluating success is nether with the cost or time indicator but with the
distinct specification in relation to quality. This is the issue in relation to “how can quality be
measured and evaluated?”. The effect in the time and cost will be explained with the help of
which the effectiveness of BIM in the construction industry would be known in a better way.
4.5.2 Impact on time and cost
Strang (2017) explained that BIM have significantly had an impact on the time and cost
of the construction projects. It has been observed that the impact is highly related to the
leadership style of the companies. There have been observations that many construction
companies had incorporated BIM in their operational activities. But the actual benefit of the
Model was not discovered initially but could be understood in the long term.
Hvidt (2016) explained that BIM was primarily seen to be a process, but however the
change in the mindset of BIM had obviously transformed from being regarded as equipment than
considered as a process. The logic that is underneath can be that BIM of utilized as an equipment
may not give out effective results as essential as if it is incorporated as a process

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4.5.3 Improved Collaboration
As an aspect of collaboration, Kiani (2017) have revealed that BIM has effectively
developed the extent of communication among the members of the team. Mawed and Al-Hajj
(2017) have cited that adversarial issues and pressures that were general prior to the
incorporation of BIM have mitigated in a significant manner. BIM as a repository is
extraordinary due to the fact that all the mistakes and the errors are extensively recognized as it
would be replicated on every element of the information of the users and be noticed inevitable
and thereby avoiding the cost of transformation a bit late within the construction.
It can be said that the element of BIM have assisted the collaboration within the
companies has been relatively efficient; however, the same cannot be expressed for the inter-
organizational collaboration. This has been expressed by Bukair and Rahman (2015) who cites
that in the current time period there has been evidence that individuals look to collaborate within
the same company but are unable to do the same among the boundaries of the companies. This
has been explained due to the fact that the construction industry in most of the countries have not
been matured to that extent that the companies would perceive the synergetic opportunities that
are derivable from taking assistance of BIM, which would act as a driver for the purpose of
collaboration during the execution of the construction projects (Remali et al. 2016).
4.6 Overall Discussion
The primary as well as the secondary data analysis that has been undertaken for this topic
has been successful in explaining the fact that BIM is one of the most significant tool as well as
process with the help of which the overall business activities of the companies in the
construction industry can be improved. The results indicate that the BIM has been able to
improve the level of communication among the various members of the teams; lead to the

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development of better project designs, the quality of the services would be improved. It is even
pertinent that the companies are able to reduce the cost and time of their activities and even
satisfies the employees as their level of work gets reduced as well. It is even seen that BIM
reduces the generation of waste and therefore this improves the ecosystem as well. Therefore,
one can say that incorporation of BIM is helpful in the development of the overall business
activities of the construction companies in the Gulf Region and therefore implementation of the
same is advisable.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Conclusion
The paper that has been framed in accordance to this topic has been looking forward to
have an idea about how BIM would be helpful in the development of the business activities of
the construction companies in the Gulf Region. Initially the development and the incorporation
of the various new and innovative tools in the economy and in the industrial sector have been
discussed. The benefits of making use of these tools and equipment in these industries and the
development of the operational activities have been discussed. Thereafter, the construction
industry and their operational activities have been discussed. In order to have an idea about the
Business Information Modelling, the aspect has been explained in the background of the study.
The background of the paper has even addressed other aspects of BIM as well as the functional
activities that are existent in the construction industry.
The literature which has been discussed in this paper as focused on various kinds of
elements and aspects and thereby an idea about BIM can be understood. The literature has
discussed what other researchers have focused with respect to BIM. The literature has been very
much helpful in the creation of the understanding how BIM has been developing and
transforming with the advent of time and how this modelling has been significant in other
industries as well. A comparison has been done in order to create an idea about the developments
that have been taking place in the construction industry. This has been helpful in the creation and
understanding that would be considered in order to take the current research forward.
The methodology has discussed on the kind of data that would be used and the sort of
style and designs that are applicable for the collection of the data. In order to address the

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objectives of the paper, deductive approach has been selected and thereby available models and
theories have been used. The thesis has made use of secondary as well as primary data in order to
undertake the analysis process. The primary data has been collected from the employees and the
managers who are working in the construction industry have been chosen as they would be the
only individuals who would be able to provide the best feedback in relation to BIM in the
construction industry. They have been asked questions with the help of close ended questionnaire
and their feedback has been collected in order to complete the result in accordance to the topic.
The secondary data is collected with the help of journals and internet sources with the help of
which thematic analysis would be undertaken. The results that have been addressed would be
validated once they have been able to address the constructed objectives of the study.
5.2 Addressing the objectives
The result that has been constructed has been able to explain concept of Business
Information Modelling as it is seen that all the aspects and the elements related to Business
Information Modelling has been explained. The development of the construction business with
the help of Business Information Modelling has even been explained.
The next objective of the paper has been to discover the limitations and the benefits of
Business Information Modelling. The results have been competent enough in explaining this
objective as well due to the fact that the benefits of Business Information Modelling have been
explained. The limitation of this model has been that this model is ideal for the long run and not
for the short run businesses.
The main objective has been to create an understanding of the function that is played by
Business Information Modelling in the construction industry. The outcome of the paper has
highlighted that Business Information Modelling has significant amount of role in the

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construction industry and the implementation of the model has been helpful in the development
of the construction industry by a significant margin.
The last objective has been to recognize the incorporation of Business Information
Modelling in the construction industry. The results have discovered that Business Information
Modelling is being incorporated by most of the construction industries in the Gulf Region and
this has been vital for the development of the construction industry.
Therefore, it can be said that Business Information Modelling is one of the key
techniques that is helpful in the development of the construction industry in the Gulf Region. The
results that have been obtained have been able to address all the concerned objectives and
therefore it can be said that the results obtained are valid and hence the completion of the thesis
paper in relation to this topic is complete.
5.3 Recommendation
The development of the results leads to the creation of certain recommendations that
would be helpful in the betterment and the development of the construction industry with the
help of Business Information Modelling. Therefore, it can be recommended that the companies
need to train their employees properly with respect to BIM so that they can proper knowledge
and perform in the industry in a better way.
It is even recommended that the management of the construction companies should
assess the market in order to understand the changes that are taking place with the help of which
they can even incorporate the changes in the BIM within their operational activities and thereby
better results can be attained.

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It is even recommended that internal monitoring of the operational activities of the
construction industries should be done on a frequent basis in order to have understanding
efficiencies and the errors that are existent within the companies. This would be helpful in the
development of the plans and policies that would lead to the development and the improvement
of the business.
5.4 Future Work
There exists scope for future work on this topic as with the advent of time there would be
changes in the operational activities and development of the business activities and development
of new tools and equipment as well. It is therefore seen that this lead to the development of the
business activities and therefore a comparison with the current research can be made in order to
come to conclusion in relation to the topic.

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Appendix
Q1. Gender
 Male
 Female
Q2. Age Group
 18-25 years
 26-35 years
 36-45 years
 46-55 years
 56 years and above
Q3. Designation in the company
 Employee
 Manager
Q4. BIM offers integration and effective collaboration among the various teams
 Strongly Disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Agree
 Strongly Agree
Q5. BIM provides error free design

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 Strongly Disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Agree
 Strongly Agree
Q6. BIM is helpful in the development of productivity
 Strongly Disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Agree
 Strongly Agree
Q7. BIM improves the quality of the services
 Strongly Disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Agree
 Strongly Agree
Q8. BIM enhances the quantity take off
 Strongly Disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Agree

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 Strongly Agree
Q9. BIM reduces the work load for the employees
 Strongly Disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Agree
 Strongly Agree
Q10. BIM is helpful in reducing time and cost
 Strongly Disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Agree
 Strongly Agree
Q11. BIM leads to the reduction in the generation of wastes
 Strongly Disagree
 Disagree
 Neutral
 Agree
 Strongly Agree