Bioenergetics: Fatty Acid Catabolism, Glycerol Entry to Glycolytic Pathway, Ketone Bodies Synthesis and Omega Oxidation Fatty Acids

FATTY ACID CATABOLISM

ENTRY OF GLYCEROL TO GLYCOLYTIC PATHWAY:
Glycerol + ATP → L-Glycerol 3-phosphate + ADP
L-Glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD+→ Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH + H+
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate →D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate → Glycolysis
Figure 1entery of glycerol to glycolytic pathway
FATTY ACIDS ARE ACTIVATED AND TRANSPORTED INTO MITOCHONDRIA:
Fatty acid + CoA + ATP → Fatty acyl-CoA +AMP + 2Pi ΔG ° = -34 KJ/mol′

Β OXIDATION OF SATURATED FATTY ACIDS:
Palmitoyl CoA + FAD → trans Enoyl CoA + FADH2
trans Enoyl CoA + H2O → β-Hydroxy acyl CoA
β-Hydroxy acyl CoA + NAD+ → β-ketoacyl CoA + NADH + H+
β-ketoacyl coA CoA-SH → Acyl-CoA + Acetyl CoA
overall reaction:
Palmitoyl CoA + 7CoA + 7FAD + 7NAD+ + 7H2O → 8 Acetyl CoA + 7FADH2 + 7NADH + 7H+
Figure 2 : β oxidation